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Michael Shapiro (journalist)
Michael (Mendel) Shapiro (February 28, 1910 – September 29, 1986) was a Ukrainian-born British journalist and outspoken communist. In the late 1930s and during the 1940s he was active in tenants’ rights activities and became a Stepney councilor. He joined the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) in 1934 and in 1949 was sent to China. He became one of the Western long-term residents in Beijing, was involved in training journalists in the Xinhua News Agency and worked with the teams that translated Chairman Mao's works. Although he spent 5 years in Qincheng Prison during the Cultural Revolution he remained committed to the communist cause and after his release he spent the rest of his life in China. Early life and education Michael's father was Alexander "Marks" Chaim Shapiro (born in Berestechko, Ukraine on 29 April 1877) and his mother was Rebecca "Rivka" Odel Shapiro (born Kairys in Radyvyliv, Ukraine on 14 December 1883).1921 UK Census Michael and his older sister A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brackets
A bracket is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. They come in four main pairs of shapes, as given in the box to the right, which also gives their names, that vary between British English, British and American English. "Brackets", without further qualification, are in British English the ... marks and in American English the ... marks. Other symbols are repurposed as brackets in specialist contexts, such as International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters, those used by linguists. Brackets are typically deployed in symmetric pairs, and an individual bracket may be identified as a "left" or "right" bracket or, alternatively, an "opening bracket" or "closing bracket", respectively, depending on the Writing system#Directionality, directionality of the context. In casual writing and in technical fields such as computing or linguistic analysis of grammar, brackets ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daily Worker (UK Newspaper)
The ''Morning Star'' is a left-wing British daily newspaper with a focus on social, political and trade union issues. Originally founded in 1930 as the ''Daily Worker'' by the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB), ownership was transferred from the CPGB to an independent readers' co-operative, the People's Press Printing Society, in 1945 and later renamed the ''Morning Star'' in 1966. The paper describes its editorial stance as in line with '' Britain's Road to Socialism'', the programme of the Communist Party of Britain. The ''Daily Worker'' initially opposed the Second World War and its London edition was banned in Britain between 1941 and 1942. After the Soviet Union joined the Allies, the paper enthusiastically backed the war effort. During the Cold War, the paper provided a platform for critics of the US and its allies. This included whistleblowers who provided evidence that the British military were allowing their forces to collect severed heads during the Malay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sidney Rittenberg
Sidney Rittenberg ( Chinese: 李敦白; pinyin: ''Lǐ Dūnbái''; August 14, 1921 – August 24, 2019) was an American journalist, scholar, and Chinese linguist who lived in China from 1944 to 1980. He worked closely with Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, and other leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the Chinese Communist Revolution, and was with these central Communist leaders at Yan'an. Later, he was imprisoned in solitary confinement, twice. In his book "The Man Who Stayed Behind", Rittenberg stated that he was the second American citizen to join the CCP, the first being the Lebanese-American Doctor Ma Haide (born Shafick George Hatem.) Early life Rittenberg was born into a Jewish family in Charleston, South Carolina and he lived there until his college studies. He was the son of Muriel (Sluth) and Sidney Rittenberg, who was president of the Charleston City Council. After attending Porter Military Academy, he turned down a full scholarship to Princeton Univer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Israel Epstein
Israel Epstein (; 20 April 1915 – 26 May 2005) was a Polish-born Chinese journalist and author. He was one of the few foreign-born Chinese citizens of non-Chinese origin to become a member of the Chinese Communist Party. Early life and education Israel Epstein was born on 20 April 1915 in Warsaw to Jewish parents; Warsaw was then part of Congress Poland, which was under Imperial Russian control. His father had been imprisoned by the authorities of czarist Russia for leading a labor uprising and his mother had been exiled to Siberia. Epstein's father was sent by his company to Japan after the outbreak of the World War I; when the German Army approached Warsaw, his mother and Epstein fled and joined him in Asia. With his family experiencing anti-Jewish sentiment in several places, in 1917, Epstein came to China with his parents at the age of two and they settled in Tianjin in 1920. Epstein was raised there. Career Israel Epstein began to work in journalism at age 15, when he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Reform Movement
The Land Reform Movement, also known by the Chinese abbreviation Tǔgǎi (), was a mass movement led by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leader Mao Zedong during the late phase of the Chinese Civil War during and after the Second Sino-Japanese War and in the early People's Republic of China, which achieved land redistribution to the peasantry. Landlordswhose status was theoretically defined through the percentage of income derived from exploitation as opposed to laborhad their land confiscated and they were subjected to mass killing by the CCP and former tenants, with the estimated death toll ranging from hundreds of thousands to millions. The campaign resulted in hundreds of millions of peasants receiving a plot of land for the first time. By 1953, land reform had been completed in mainland China with the exception of Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, and Sichuan. From 1953 onwards, the CCP began to implement the collective ownership of expropriated land through the creation of Agric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Communist Party
The Communist Party of China (CPC), also translated into English as Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP emerged victorious in the Chinese Civil War against the Kuomintang and Proclamation of the People's Republic of China, proclaimed the establishment of the PRC under the leadership of Mao Zedong in October 1949. Since then, the CCP has governed China and has had sole control over the People's Liberation Army (PLA). , the CCP has more than 99 million members, making it the List of largest political parties, second largest political party by membership in the world. In 1921, Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao led the founding of the CCP with the help of the Far Eastern Bureau of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and Far Eastern Bureau of the Communist International. Although the CCP aligned with the Kuomintang (KMT) during its initia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isabel Crook
Isabel Crook (; 15 December 1915 – 20 August 2023) was a Canadian-British anthropologist, political prisoner, and professor at Beijing Foreign Studies University. Crook conducted anthropological studies in China and played an instrumental role in foreign language education in China. Early life Isabel Brown was born on 15 December 1915, in Chengdu, Sichuan, to Canadian missionaries Homer and Muriel Brown. Homer was the dean of the Education Faculty at West China Union University. Muriel set up Montessori Schools in China and served on the board of the YWCA. Isabel's sisters, Muriel and Julia, were also born in Chengdu and all three attended the city's Canadian School. As a child, Isabel Brown became interested in anthropology and the many ethnic minorities in China. In 1939, at the age of 23, she graduated from Victoria College at the University of Toronto. Later life, revolution and career After graduating, Brown returned to China and set out for western Sichuan with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Crook
David Crook (14 August 1910 – 1 November 2000) was a British communist who spent most of his life teaching in China. A committed Marxist from 1931, he joined the International Brigades to fight against the Spanish nationalists in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). After being wounded in combat, he was recruited by the NKVD, the Soviet secret police, and was sent to China during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). There he met and married his wife, Isabel, a teacher and social activist. Following the Second World War and the Chinese Civil War, the couple stayed in China and taught English. In 1959, the Crooks published ''Revolution in a Chinese Village, Ten Mile Inn'' and in 1966 came ''The First Years of Yangyi Commune''. The British sinologist Delia Davin wrote that through that "classic study" and other writings and talks, the Crooks "provided a positive picture of China to the outside world at a time when cold war simplifications were the norm." [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dave Springhall
Douglas Frank Springhall (28 March 1901 – 2 September 1953), known as Dave Springhall, was a British communist activist. Born in Kensal Green, Springhall joined the Royal Navy at the age of fifteen, during World War I. In 1920, he wrote "Discontent on the Lower Deck", an article for the communist publication '' Workers' Dreadnought'', leading to his dismissal from the Navy for "associating with extremists".COMMUNIST HISTORY NETWORK NEWSLETTER, No 5, April 1998 Springhall joined the (CPGB) and its affiliated [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alan Winnington
Alan Winnington (16 March 1910 – 26 November 1983) was a British journalist, war correspondent, movie actor, anthropologist, and Communist Party of Great Britain, Communist activist, most notable for his coverage of the Korean War and the Chinese Civil War, Chinese revolution. In 1950, Winnington authored ''I saw the truth in Korea'', an anti-war pamphlet containing photographic evidence of the mass graves of civilians executed by the South Korean police. The publishing of this leaflet led to the British government debating whether to have Winnington tried for treason, a charge which carried the Capital punishment in the United Kingdom, death penalty, though it was instead decided to make him stateless by refusing to renew his passport. As a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain, Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and an Asian correspondent for the ''Daily Worker (UK), Daily Worker'', Winnington travelled to China and witnessed the defeat of the KMT by the Chinese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Committee Of The Chinese Communist Party
The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, officially the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the Central committee, highest organ when the National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, national congress is not in session and is tasked with carrying out congress resolutions, directing all party work, and representing the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) externally. It is currently composed of 205 full members and 171 alternate members (see 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, list). Members are nominally elected once every five years by the National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. In practice, the selection process is done privately, usually through consultation of the CCP's Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party, Politburo and its corresponding Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, Standing Committee. The Central Committee is, formally, the "party's highest organ of authority" when the National C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proclamation Of The People's Republic Of China
The proclamation of the People's Republic of China was made by Mao Zedong, the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), on October 1, 1949, in Tiananmen Square in Beijing. The government of a new state under the CCP, formally called the Central People's Government, was proclaimed by Mao at the ceremony, which marked the foundation of the People's Republic of China. Previously, the CCP had proclaimed the establishment of the Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR) within the discontinuous territories of China they controlled, on November 7, 1931, in Ruijin. The CSR had lasted seven years until it was abolished in 1937. " March of the Volunteers" was played as the new national anthem, and the new national flag of the People's Republic of China (the Five-starred Red Flag) was officially unveiled to the newly founded state and hoisted for the first time during the celebrations as a 21-gun salute fired in the distance. The first public military parade of the People's Liberatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
