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Methylobacterium Radiotolerans
Methylobacterium radiotolerans is a radiation-tolerating Gram-negative bacterium.. It has been shown that it can use lanthanide as a cofactor to increase its methanol dehydrogenase activity See also * Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum ''Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum '' is an autotrophic bacterium first described in 2007 growing on volcanic pools near Naples, Italy. It grows in mud at temperatures between 50 °C and 60 °C and an acidic pH of 2–5. It is able to oxi ... * Methylorubrum extorquens References External links ''Methylobacterium radiotolerans''NCBIType strain of ''Methylobacterium radiotolerans'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Hyphomicrobiales Bacteria described in 1983 {{Hyphomicrobiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gram-negative
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope consists of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner ( cytoplasmic) membrane and an outer membrane. These bacteria are found in all environments that support life on Earth. Within this category, notable species include the model organism '' Escherichia coli'', along with various pathogenic bacteria, such as '' Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', '' Chlamydia trachomatis'', and '' Yersinia pestis''. They pose significant challenges in the medical field due to their outer membrane, which acts as a protective barrier against numerous antibiotics (including penicillin), detergents that would normally damage the inner cell membrane, and the antimicrobial enzyme lysozyme produced by animals as part of their innate immune system. Furthe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacterium
Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit the air, soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria play a vital role in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients and the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in mutualistic, commensal and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methanol Dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: : CH3OH \rightleftharpoons CH2O + 2 electrons + 2H+ How the electrons are captured and transported depends upon the kind of methanol dehydrogenase. There are three main types of MDHs: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+-dependent MDH, Pyrroloquinoline quinone, pyrrolo-quinoline quinone dependent MDH, and oxygen-dependent alcohol oxidase. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The List of enzymes, systematic name of this enzyme class is methanol:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in methane metabolism. Classes of Methanol Dehydrogenase NAD+ Dependent MDH A common electron acceptor in biological systems is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+); some enzymes use a related molecule called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). An NAD+-dependent methano ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylacidiphilum Fumariolicum
''Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum '' is an autotrophic bacterium first described in 2007 growing on volcanic pools near Naples, Italy. It grows in mud at temperatures between 50 °C and 60 °C and an acidic pH of 2–5. It is able to oxidize methane gas. It uses ammonium, nitrate or atmospheric nitrogen as a nitrogen source and fixes carbon dioxide. Due to the presence of a lanthanide dependent methanol dehydrogenase enzyme, its growth is strictly dependent on the abundance of rare-earth metals. No biotic interactions between ''M. fumariolicum'' and other organisms are known, probably due to the extreme environment the bacteria needs in order to grow. Biology Genome The genome of ''M. fumariolicum'' is 2.36 Mbp in size with a GC-content of 40.9% and 2,283 protein encoding genes. Metabolism Energy is obtained by methane oxidation to methanol and by the enzyme methanol dehydrogenase which is strictly dependent on the use of rare-earth metals as cofactors. It general ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylorubrum Extorquens
''Methylorubrum extorquens'' is a Gram-negative bacterium. '' Methylorubrum'' species often appear pink, and are classified as pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs, or PPFMs. The wild type has been known to use both methane and multiple carbon compounds as energy sources. Specifically, ''M. extorquens'' has been observed to use primarily methanol anC1 compoundsas substrates in their energy cycles. It has been also observed that use lanthanides as a cofactor to increase its methanol dehydrogenase activity Genetic structure After isolation from soil, ''M. extorquens'' was found to have a single chromosome measuring 5.71- Mb. The bacterium itself contains 70 genes over eight regions of the chromosome that are used for its metabolism of methanol. Within a section of the chromosome, of ''M. extorquens'' AM1 are twxoxFgenes that enable it to grow in methanol. ''M. extorquens'' AM1 genome encodes a 47.5 kb gene of unknown function. This gene encodes an over 15,000 residue-long po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyphomicrobiales
The Hyphomicrobiale' (synonym Rhizobiales) are an order of Gram-negative Alphaproteobacteria. The rhizobia, which fix nitrogen and are symbiotic with plant roots, appear in several different families. The four families '' Nitrobacteraceae'', '' Hyphomicrobiaceae'', '' Phyllobacteriaceae'', and '' Rhizobiaceae'' contain at least several genera of nitrogen-fixing, legume-nodulating, microsymbiotic bacteria. Examples are the genera '' Bradyrhizobium'' and ''Rhizobium''. Species of the '' Methylocystaceae'' are methanotrophs; they use methanol (CH3OH) or methane (CH4) as their sole energy and carbon sources. Other important genera are the human pathogens '' Bartonella'' and ''Brucella'', as well as ''Agrobacterium,'' an important tool in genetic engineering. Taxonomy Accepted families * '' Aestuariivirgaceae'' Li ''et al''. 2019 * '' Afifellaceae'' Hördt ''et al''. 2020 * '' Ahrensiaceae'' Hördt ''et al''. 2020 * '' Alsobacteraceae'' Sun ''et al''. 2018 * '' Amorphaceae'' Hör ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
