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Metabacillus
''Metabacillus'' is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria exhibiting Gram-positive or Gram-variable staining in the family ''Bacillaceae'' within the order ''Bacillales''. The type species for this genus is '' Metabacillus fastidiosus.'' This genus was demarcated from the phylogenetically complicated genus ''Bacillus'', whose unclear evolutionary relationships have been long been under scrutiny by the scientific community. The polyphyletic nature of the genus ''Bacillus'' is partly due to the vague criteria used to assign novel bacteria to this genus, resulting in an agglomeration of phylogenetically unrelated bacteria with a diverse range of biochemical characteristics. Comparative genomic studies and phylogenetic analyses have been published to clarify the complicated relationships within this genus resulting in the transfer of many ''Bacillus'' species into novel genera such as ''Alkalihalobacillus,'' '' Virigibacillus,'' ''Brevibacillus,'' ''Solibacillus'' and '' Peribacillus''. In a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacillus Fastidiosus
''Bacillus fastidiosus'' is an aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium that has been isolated from soil and poultry litter. The species was first isolated and described by the scientist Den Dooren de Jong in 1929. This organism is a mesophile that contains ellipsoidal spores that do not cause swelling of the sporangia. ''Bacillus fastidiosus'' is only able to grow in the presence of uric acid, allantoin, or allantoic acid. This species has been recently transferred into the genus '' Metabacillus.'' The correct nomenclature is ''Metabacillus fastidiosus.'' Morphology ''Bacillus fastidiosus'' has peritrichous flagella meaning that it has flagella in a uniform distribution all over the cell that it uses for motility. Cells of this species are about 5 µm long and 1.5 µm wide. They may contain endospores that can be located centrally, paracentrally, or subterminally. This bacterium is typically grown on 1% uric acid agar and colonies can have a rhizoid appearance. Colonies a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacillaceae
The Bacillaceae are a family of gram-positive, heterotrophic, rod-shaped bacteria that may produce endospores. Motile members of this family are characterized by peritrichous flagella. Some Bacillaceae are aerobic, while others are facultative or strict anaerobes. Most are not pathogenic, but '' Bacillus'' species are known to cause disease in humans. Gram-variable cell wall Some Bacillaceae, such as the genera ''Filobacillus, Lentibacillus,'' and ''Halobacillus ''Halobacillus'' is a bacterial genus from the family of Bacillaceae. ''Halobacillus'' species are gram positive, oxidase positive, catalase negative, rod shaped marine bacteria. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated and characterized two species of ' ...'', stain Gram-negative or Gram-variable, but are known to have a Gram-positive cell wall.Lim, J.M., Jeon, C.O., Song, S.M., and C.J. Kim. 2005''Pontibacillus chungwhensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic Gram-positive bacterium from a solar saltern in Kore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peribacillus
''Peribacillus'' is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria that exhibits Gram-positive or Gram-variable staining that belongs in the family ''Bacillaceae'' within the order ''Bacillales''. The type species for this genus is ''Peribacillus simplex.'' Members of ''Peribacillus'' were originally part of the genus ''Bacillus'', a large, phylogenetically complicated genus with unclear evolutionary relationships. The polyphyletic nature of the genus could be partially attributed to the vague criteria used to classify new species into this genus. To clarify the taxonomic relationships of ''Bacillus'', multiple phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses have been conducted, resulting in the transfer of many ''Bacillus'' species into novel genera such as ''Virgibacillus, Solibacillus, Brevibacillus'' and ''Ectobacillus''. In addition, the genus was restricted to only include species closely related to ''Bacillus subtilis'' and ''Bacillus cereus''. The name ''Peribacillus'' is derived from its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkalihalobacillus
''Alkalihalobacillus'' is a genus of gram-positive or gram-variable rod-shaped bacteria in the family ''Bacillaceae'' from the order ''Bacillales''. The type species of this genus is ''Alkalihalobacillus alcalophilus.'' This genus comprises species formerly belonging to the genus ''Bacillus'', a genus that has been recognized as displaying extensive polyphyly and phylogenetic heterogeneity due to the vague criteria (such as the ability to form endospores in the presence of oxygen) previously used to assign species to this clade. Multiple studies using comparative phylogenetic analyses have been published in an attempt to clarify the evolutionary relationships between ''Bacillus'' species, resulting in the establishment of numerous novel genera such as ''Alkalihalobacillus'', '' Brevibacillus, Solibacillus'', ''Alicyclobacillus'' and ''Virgibacillus''. The genus ''Bacillus'' is now restricted to species closely related to ''Bacillus subtilis'' and ''Bacillus cereus''. The name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteria
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacillus Niabensis
''Bacillus'' (Latin "stick") is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, a member of the phylum ''Bacillota'', with 266 named species. The term is also used to describe the shape (rod) of other so-shaped bacteria; and the plural ''Bacilli'' is the name of the class of bacteria to which this genus belongs. ''Bacillus'' species can be either obligate aerobes which are dependent on oxygen, or facultative anaerobes which can survive in the absence of oxygen. Cultured ''Bacillus'' species test positive for the enzyme catalase if oxygen has been used or is present. ''Bacillus'' can reduce themselves to oval endospores and can remain in this dormant state for years. The endospore of one species from Morocco is reported to have survived being heated to 420 °C. Endospore formation is usually triggered by a lack of nutrients: the bacterium divides within its cell wall, and one side then engulfs the other. They are not true spores (i.e., not an offspring). Endospore formation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conserved Signature Indels
Conserved signature inserts and deletions (CSIs) in protein sequences provide an important category of molecular markers for understanding phylogenetic relationships. CSIs, brought about by rare genetic changes, provide useful phylogenetic markers that are generally of defined size and they are flanked on both sides by conserved regions to ensure their reliability. While indels can be arbitrary inserts or deletions, CSIs are defined as only those protein indels that are present within conserved regions of the protein. The CSIs that are restricted to a particular clade or group of species, generally provide good phylogenetic markers of common evolutionary descent. Due to the rarity and highly specific nature of such changes, it is less likely that they could arise independently by either convergent or parallel evolution (i.e. homoplasy) and therefore are likely to represent synapomorphy. Other confounding factors such as differences in evolutionary rates at different sites or amon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endospore
An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by some bacteria in the phylum Bacillota. The name "endospore" is suggestive of a spore or seed-like form (''endo'' means 'within'), but it is not a true spore (i.e., not an offspring). It is a stripped-down, dormant form to which the bacterium can reduce itself. Endospore formation is usually triggered by a lack of nutrients, and usually occurs in gram-positive bacteria. In endospore formation, the bacterium divides within its cell wall, and one side then engulfs the other. Endospores enable bacteria to lie dormant for extended periods, even centuries. There are many reports of spores remaining viable over 10,000 years, and revival of spores millions of years old has been claimed. There is one report of viable spores of '' Bacillus marismortui'' in salt crystals approximately 250 million years old. When the environment becomes more favorable, the endospore can reactivate itself into a vegetative state. Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacillus Cereus
''Bacillus cereus'' is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium commonly found in soil, food, and marine sponges. The specific name, ''cereus'', meaning "waxy" in Latin, refers to the appearance of colonies grown on blood agar. Some strains are harmful to humans and cause foodborne illness due to their spore-forming nature, while other strains can be beneficial as probiotics for animals, and even exhibit mutualism with certain plants. ''B. cereus'' bacteria may be anaerobes or facultative anaerobes, and like other members of the genus '' Bacillus'', can produce protective endospores. They have a wide range of virulence factors, including phospholipase C, cereulide, sphingomyelinase, metalloproteases, and cytotoxin K, many of which are regulated via quorum sensing. ''B. cereus'' strains exhibit flagellar motility. The ''Bacillus cereus'' group comprises seven closely related species: ''B. cereus'' ''sensu stricto'' (referred to herein as ''B. cereus''), '' B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacillus Subtilis
''Bacillus subtilis'', known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium, found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, humans and marine sponges. As a member of the genus '' Bacillus'', ''B. subtilis'' is rod-shaped, and can form a tough, protective endospore, allowing it to tolerate extreme environmental conditions. ''B. subtilis'' has historically been classified as an obligate aerobe, though evidence exists that it is a facultative anaerobe. ''B. subtilis'' is considered the best studied Gram-positive bacterium and a model organism to study bacterial chromosome replication and cell differentiation. It is one of the bacterial champions in secreted enzyme production and used on an industrial scale by biotechnology companies. Description ''Bacillus subtilis'' is a Gram-positive bacterium, rod-shaped and catalase-positive. It was originally named ''Vibrio subtilis'' by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg, and rena ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solibacillus
''Solibacillus'' is a genus of Gram positive, rod shaped, spore-forming bacteria. The first member of ''Solibacillus'' was first isolated in 1999, and was originally called ''Bacillus silvestris''. However, further studies on ''B. silvestris'' found that the organism belonged in a separate genus. ''Solibacillus silvestris'' was proposed, referring to its original designation as a member of ''Bacillus'', and the fact that the species was first isolated from soil. ''Bacillus isronensis'' was later reclassified as ''Solibacillus isronensis''. ''S. isronensis'' was isolated from cryotubes that were used to collect air samples from high altitudes, and ''S. kalamii'' was found in an air filter from the International Space Station.Sielaff AC, Kumar RM, Pal D, Mayilraj S, Venkateswaran K. Solibacillus kalamii sp. nov., isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system used in the International Space Station. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brevibacillus
''Brevibacillus'' is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Paenibacillaceae The Paenibacillaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorga .... References External links Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology Paenibacillaceae Bacteria genera {{Bacilli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
