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Mayak (rocket)
Mayak is a new family of Ukrainian launch vehicles under development by the Pivdenne, which would be manufactured by Pivdenmash. The family is built in a modular fashion on the basis of a single line of main engines with thrust of roughly for the first stage (RD-801 or RD-810) and for the upper stage (RD-809K derived from RD-8). Engines, control systems and ground equipment are largely derived from components of existing rocket families Zenit and Tsyklon The Tsyklon (, "Cyclone", also known as Tsiklon), GRAU index 11K67, was a Soviet-designed expendable launch system, primarily used to put Kosmos satellites into low Earth orbit in the late-1960s. It is based on the R-36 intercontinental ballist .... The Mayak family is designed to cover small-lift, medium-lift and heavy-lift requirements. Published parameters of various configurations are: References {{Expendable launch systems Space launch vehicles of Ukraine Proposed space launch vehicles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Launch Vehicle
A launch vehicle is typically a rocket-powered vehicle designed to carry a payload (a crewed spacecraft or satellites) from Earth's surface or lower atmosphere to outer space. The most common form is the ballistic missile-shaped multistage rocket, but the term is more general and also encompasses vehicles like the Space Shuttle. Most launch vehicles operate from a launch pad, supported by a missile launch control center, launch control center and systems such as vehicle assembly and fueling. Launch vehicles are engineered with advanced aerodynamics and technologies, which contribute to high operating costs. An orbital spaceflight, orbital launch vehicle must lift its payload at least to the boundary of space, approximately and accelerate it to a horizontal velocity of at least . Suborbital spaceflight, Suborbital vehicles launch their payloads to lower velocity or are launched at elevation angles greater than horizontal. Practical orbital launch vehicles use chemical prope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KB Pivdenne
The ''Pivdenne'' Design Office (), located in Dnipro, Ukraine, is a designer of satellites and rockets, and formerly of Soviet intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), established by Mikhail Yangel. During the Soviet era, the bureau's OKB designation was OKB-586. The company is in close co-operation with the PA Pivdenmash multi-product machine-building company, also situated in Dnipro. Pivdenmash is the main manufacturer of the models developed by Pivdenne Design Office. Directors * 1954–1971 Mikhail Yangel * 1971–1991 Vladimir Utkin * 1991–2010 * 2010–2020 Products Current Ballistic missiles * Hrim-2 Orbital launch vehicles * Zenit rocket family **Zenit-2 **Zenit-2M **Zenit-3F **Zenit-3SL **Zenit-3SLB *Antares first stage core, in cooperation with Orbital Sciences Corporation * Dnepr, converted R-36 ICBM * R-36 ICBM, NATO reporting name SS-18 'Satan' Rocket engines *Main engines ** RD-843 ** RD-853 ** RD-859 ** ** RD-861K ** RD-866 ** RD-868 *Steering en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PA Pivdenmash
The State Enterprise "Production Amalgamation 'Southern Machine-Building Plant named after O.M. Makarov'", officially abbreviated as Pivdenmash () and previously as Yuzhmash (), is a Ukrainian state-owned aerospace and defence manufacturer. Prior to 1991, it was a Soviet state-owned factory. Pivdenmash produces spacecraft, launch vehicles (rockets), liquid-propellant rockets, landing gears, castings, forgings, tractors, tools, and industrial products. The company is headquartered in Dnipro, and reports to the State Space Agency of Ukraine. It works with international aerospace partners in 23 countries. History Pivdenmash operated initially as "plant 586" in the Soviet Union. In 1954, Soviet aviation engineer Mikhail Yangel established the autonomous design bureau designated OKB-586, from the former chief designer's division of plant 586. Yangel had previously headed OKB-1 (today ''RKK Energiya'') and was primarily a supporter of storable propellant technology – unlike ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RD-801
The RD801 ( Ukrainian: ) is a Ukrainian liquid propellant rocket engine burning LOX and Kerosene ( RG-1) in a staged combustion cycle. It has a single combustion chamber that provides thrust vector control by gimbaling of the nozzle in two axis by +/- 6°. It is being designed in Ukraine by Yuzhnoye Design Bureau for the prospective first stage propulsion of the Mayak rocket family. The RD801 as well as the RD-810 are being designed based on the work of the RD-8 vernier and the maintenance and improvement of the RD-120 engines. The RD801 can be used stand alone on a Mayak or in a cluster. Versions The designers have proposed three versions of this engine: * RD801 ( Ukrainian: ): This is the basic module with no TVC. * RD801 ( Ukrainian: ): This is a version which includes a TVC by gimbaling of the nozzle in two axis by +/- 6°. * RD801V ( Ukrainian: ): High altitude of the rocket engine with extended nozzle. See also *Mayak – Prospective Ukrainian launch vehicle family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RD-810
The RD-810 (РД-810) is a Ukrainian liquid propellant rocket engine burning LOX and Kerosene ( RG-1) in a staged combustion cycle. It has a single combustion chamber that provides thrust vector control by gimbaling of the nozzle in two axis by +/- 8°. It is being designed in Ukraine by Yuzhnoye Design Bureau for the prospective first stage propulsion of the Mayak rocket family. The RD-810 as well as the RD-801 are being designed based on the work of the RD-8 vernier and the maintenance and improvement of the RD-120 engines. The RD-810 can be used stand alone on a Mayak or could be used in a module of four called RD-810M to replace the RD-170 on the Zenit. See also *Mayak – Prospective Ukrainian launch vehicle family for which the RD-810 is being developed. * RD-801 – A smaller engine of the same family designed by Yuzhnoe. * SCE-200 – An Indian rocket engine of equal specifications which might be based on the RD-810 blueprints. *Yuzhnoe Design Bureau – The RD-810 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RD-8
The RD-8 (Russian: and GRAU Index: 11D513) is a Soviet / Ukrainian liquid propellant rocket engine burning LOX and RG-1 (a rocket grade kerosene) in an oxidizer rich staged combustion cycle. It has a four combustion chambers that provide thrust vector control by gimbaling each of the nozzles in a single axis ±33°. It was designed in Dnipropetrovsk by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau as the vernier thruster of the Zenit (GRAU: 11K77) second stage. As such, it has always been paired with the RD-120 engine for main propulsion. It can only be started once, and as a high altitude engine it has a thrust of and a specific impulse of . It is the first ever steering engine to use the staged combustion cycle, and as such is the basis for a family of planned engines for the Mayak launch vehicle family. The engine itself is built like a hollow cylinder, with a cylindrical space in the center so the RD-120 nozzle can pass through. Derivatives Whilst Yuzhnoye's propulsion experience had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zenit (rocket Family)
Zenit (, ; meaning ''Zenith'') was a family of space launch vehicles designed by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau in Dnipro, Ukraine, which was then part of the Soviet Union. Zenit was originally built in the 1980s for two purposes: as a liquid rocket booster for the Energia (rocket), Energia rocket and, equipped with a second stage, as a stand-alone middle-weight launcher with a payload greater than the 7 tonnes of the Soyuz (rocket), Soyuz but smaller than the 20 tonnes payload of the Proton (rocket family), Proton. The last rocket family developed in the USSR, the Zenit was intended as an eventual replacement for the dated Soyuz and Proton families, and it would employ propellants which were safer and less toxic than the Proton's nitrogen tetroxide/UDMH mix. Zenit was planned to take over crewed spaceship launches from Soyuz, but these plans were abandoned after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Many of components of the Zenit rockets were produced in Russia. The Ukraini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsyklon
The Tsyklon (, "Cyclone", also known as Tsiklon), GRAU index 11K67, was a Soviet-designed expendable launch system, primarily used to put Kosmos satellites into low Earth orbit in the late-1960s. It is based on the R-36 intercontinental ballistic missile designed by Mikhail Yangel and made eight launches, with seven successes and one failure. All of its launches were conducted from LC-90 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. It is sometimes designated Tsyklon-2A, not to be confused with the later Tsyklon-2 rocket. It was introduced in 1967 and was derived from the R-36 ICBM (NATO designation SS-9 Scarp). It was retired in 1969. It made its maiden flight on 27 October 1967. The booster's design was kept secret and no images or film clips of the complete vehicle were released to the public until after the collapse of the Soviet Union, in part because of being used exclusively for military payloads and also because it was derived from an actively serving missile system. After 1991, the pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Small-lift Launch Vehicle
A small-lift launch vehicle is a rocket orbital launch vehicle that is capable of lifting or less (by NASA classification) or under (by Roscosmos classification) of payload into low Earth orbit (LEO). The next larger category is medium-lift launch vehicles. The first small-lift launch vehicle was the Sputnik rocket, launched by the Soviet Union, which was derived from the R-7 Semyorka ICBM. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik rocket was used to perform the world's first satellite launch, placing the Sputnik 1 satellite into a low Earth orbit. The US responded by attempting to launch the Vanguard rocket. However, the Vanguard TV3 launch attempt failed, with the 31 January 1958 launch of the Explorer 1 satellite using the Juno I rocket being the first successful US orbital launch. The Vanguard I mission was the second successful US orbital launch. This was the start of the space race. Since the late 1950s, small-lift launch vehicles have continued launching payloads into orbits ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medium-lift Launch Vehicle
A medium-lift launch vehicle (MLV) is a rocket launch vehicle that is capable of lifting between by NASA classification or between by Russian classification of payload into low Earth orbit (LEO).50t payloads" An MLV is between a small-lift launch vehicle and a heavy-lift launch vehicle. Medium-lift vehicles comprise the majority of orbital launches , with both the Soyuz and Falcon 9 having launched several hundred times. History Soviet Union and Russia The Soviet R-7 family was based on the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). Sputnik was a small-lift derivative that carried the first satellite into orbit, and the R-7 design quickly grew in capacity, with Luna launching in 1958. The 1960s saw the R-7 series continue to develop, with Vostok 1 carrying the first human into space, Voskhod carrying multiple crew members, and the first Soyuz. , Soyuz variants are still operational and have launched over 1,100 times. The R-7 family has launched more times ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heavy-lift Launch Vehicle
A heavy-lift launch vehicle (HLV) is an orbital launch vehicle capable of lifting payloads between (by NASA classification) or between (by Russian classification) into low Earth orbit (LEO).50t payloads" Heavy-lift launch vehicles often carry payloads into higher-energy orbits, such as geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) or heliocentric orbit (HCO). An HLV is between a medium-lift launch vehicle and a super heavy-lift launch vehicle. History and design Government The first heavy-lift launch vehicles in the 1960s included the US Saturn IB and the Soviet Proton. Saturn IB was designed to carry the Apollo spacecraft into orbit and had increased engine thrust and a redesigned second stage from its predecessor. Proton was originally designed to be a large intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). Russia still operates variants of the Proton , although it is expected to be phased out in favor of the Angara A5. NASA introduced the Space Shuttle as the first partially reusab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kerosene
Kerosene, or paraffin, is a combustibility, combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum. It is widely used as a fuel in Aviation fuel, aviation as well as households. Its name derives from the Greek (''kērós'') meaning "wax"; it was registered as a trademark by Nova Scotian, Nova Scotia geologist and inventor Abraham Pineo Gesner, Abraham Gesner in 1854 before evolving into a generic trademark. It is sometimes spelled kerosine in scientific and industrial usage. Kerosene is widely used to power jet engines of aircraft (jet fuel), as well as some rocket engines in a highly refined form called RP-1. It is also commonly used as a cooking and lighting fuel, and for fire toys such as Poi (performance art)#Fire poi, poi. In parts of Asia, kerosene is sometimes used as fuel for small outboard motors or even motorcycles. World total kerosene consumption for all purposes is equivalent to about 5,500,000 barrels per day as of July 2023. The term "kerosene" is comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
