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Matsudaira Teru
Matsudaira Teru (松平 照), or Teruhime (, "Princess Teru"), (February 2, 1833 − February 28, 1884) was an aristocrat in Japan during the late Edo and early Meiji periods. She participated in the siege of Aizuwakamatsu Castle (Tsuruga Castle) and was the adoptive sister of Matsudaira Katamori, Military Commissioner of Kyoto and a prominent figure on the Tokugawa shogunate's side during the Meiji Restoration. Early life Matsudaira Teru was born as the third daughter of Hoshina Masamoto, ''daimyō'' of the Iino han in Kazusa. Her name, written in authentic kanji is 熈 (Teru). In 1843, she was adopted by Matsudaira Katataka, ''daimyō'' of the Aizu han. The adoption took place because Katataka had no children; he had two sons and four daughters at that time, but all had died very young. Katataka took a liking to Teruhime during his frequent visits to the Iino family mansion in Edo. The two hans were closely related to each other, because the first ''daimyō'' of the Aiz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aizuwakamatsu
is a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 118,159 in 50,365 households, and a population density of 310 persons per km2. The total area of the city was . History The area of present-day Aizuwakamatsu was part of ancient Mutsu Province, and was settled from prehistoric times. The Aizu-Otsuka Kofun within the city borders dates from the 4th century AD, and is an Important Cultural Property. According to legend, in 88 BCE, Emperor Sujin sent two generals; Ohiko and Takenukawa-wake to the Tōhoku region for the purpose of establishing peace after the quashing of a rebellion in the region. Before the late 12th century, Aizuwakamatsu was mainly a market town and a base for regional warlords. Starting in 1192, Aizuwakamatsu became part of the regions that were controlled by the Kamakura shogunate. Soon after taking power, Yoritomo granted a samurai named Suwara Yoshitsura (from the Miura clan) all of Aizu. A descendant of Suwara, Ashin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century Buddhist Nuns
The 19th century began on 1 January 1801 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 (MCM). It was the 9th century of the 2nd millennium. It was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanded beyond its British homeland for the first time during the 19th century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, France, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Catholic Church, in response to the growing influence and power of modernism, secularism and materialism, formed the First Vatican Council in the late 19th century to deal with such problems and confirm cer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1884 Deaths
Events January * January 4 – The Fabian Society is founded in London to promote gradualist social progress. * January 5 – Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera ''Princess Ida'', a satire on feminism, premières at the Savoy Theatre, London. * January 7 – German microbiologist Robert Koch isolates ''Vibrio cholerae'', the cholera bacillus, working in India. * January 18 – William Price (physician), William Price attempts to cremate his dead baby son, Iesu Grist, in Wales. Later tried and acquitted on the grounds that cremation is not contrary to English law, he is thus able to carry out the ceremony (the first in the United Kingdom in modern times) on March 14, setting a legal precedent. * January – Arthur Conan Doyle's anonymous story "J. Habakuk Jephson's Statement" appears in the ''Cornhill Magazine'' (London). Based on the disappearance of the crew of the ''Mary Celeste'' in 1872, many of the fictional elements introduced by Doyle come to repla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1832 Births
Events January–March * January 6 – Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison founds the New-England Anti-Slavery Society. * January 13 – The Christmas Rebellion of slaves is brought to an end in Jamaica, after the island's white planters organize militias and the British Army sends companies of the 84th regiment to enforce martial law. More than 300 of the slave rebels will be publicly hanged for their part in the destruction. * February 6 – The Swan River Colony is renamed Western Australia. * February 9 – The Florida Legislative Council grants a city charter for Jacksonville, Florida. * February 12 ** Ecuador annexes the Galápagos Islands. ** A cholera epidemic in London claims at least 3,000 lives; the contagion spreads to France and North America later this year. * February 28 – Charles Darwin and the crew of arrive at South America for the first time. * March 24 – In Hiram, Ohio, a group of men beat, tar and feather Mormon leader Joseph Smith. Apr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seppuku
, also known as , is a form of Japanese ritualistic suicide by disembowelment. It was originally reserved for samurai in their code of honor, but was also practiced by other Japanese people during the Shōwa era (particularly officers near the end of World War II) to restore honor for themselves or for their families. As a samurai practice, ''seppuku'' was used voluntarily by samurai to die with honor rather than fall into the hands of their enemies (and likely be tortured), as a form of capital punishment for samurai who had committed serious offenses, or performed because they had brought shame to themselves. The ceremonial disembowelment, which is usually part of a more elaborate ritual and performed in front of spectators, consists of plunging a short blade, traditionally a '' tantō'', into the belly and drawing the blade from left to right, slicing the belly open. If the cut is deep enough, it can sever the abdominal aorta, causing death by rapid exsanguination. One ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoshina Masaari
Viscount (March 22, 1833 – January 23, 1888) was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the late Edo period who was the last ruler of the Iino Domain (Kazusa Province; 20,000 ''koku''). Though lord of a minor domain, his family was a branch of the Matsudaira of Aizu, whose founder Hoshina Masayuki was the older brother of the Iino founder, Hoshina Masasada. Masaari was born in Edo to the 9th Iino lord, Hoshina Masamoto. Masaari was the younger brother of Matsudaira Teru. As he was initially weak, his father did not notify the shogunate of his birth. However, as Masamoto's first and second sons died in quick succession, he notified the shogunate of Masaari's birth in 1836; this is why Masaari's birthdate is given in some sources as 1836. He was made heir in 1847, and succeeded to family headship after his father's death in 1848. He received his family's hereditary title of ''Danjō no chū'' in 1850. In 1853, Masaari led Iino troops and took part in the defense of Uraga upon the arrival of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karō
were top-ranking samurai officials and advisors in service to the ''daimyōs'' of feudal Japan. Overview In the Edo period, the policy of ''sankin-kōtai'' (alternate attendance) required each ''daimyō'' to place a ''karō'' in Edo and another in the home '' han'' (feudal domain). A ''karō'' who was in charge of a castle was called the ''jōdai karō'' (城代家老), while the one in Edo was called the ''Edo karō'' (江戸家老). A general term for a domain-based ''karō'' is ''kunigarō'' (国家老). Some domains referred to this position as ''bugyō'' (奉行) or ''toshiyori'' (年寄). The shogunate post of '' rōjū'' (elder) had many similarities to that of ''karō''. The famous samurai tale, '' Kanadehon Chūshingura'', describes events involving a ''karō''. The final Asano ''daimyō'' of the Ako ''han'' was Asano Naganori. While he was in Edo, he was sentenced to commit seppuku for the offense of drawing a sword against Kira Yoshinaka in Edo Castle. When the sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kayano Gonbei
was a Japanese samurai of the late Edo period, who served the Matsudaira clan of Aizu. He was a ''karō'' in the Aizu domain's administration. Kayano served in a senior military role during the Boshin War, he was later imprisoned by the Meiji government and made to commit suicide in Tokyo Tokyo, officially the Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan, capital and List of cities in Japan, most populous city in Japan. With a population of over 14 million in the city proper in 2023, it is List of largest cities, one of the most .... References *http://www.geocities.co.jp/SilkRoad-Lake/6618/honmon2/91.html *Tsunabuchi Kenjō (1984). ''Matsudaira Katamori no subete''. 1830 births 1869 deaths People from Aizu Karō Samurai Seppuku from Meiji era to present People of the Boshin War Aizu-Matsudaira retainers Suicides by sharp instrument in Japan 1860s suicides {{Samurai-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waka (poetry)
is a type of poetry in classical Japanese literature. Although ''waka'' in modern Japanese is written as , in the past it was also written as (see Wa (Japan), Wa, an old name for Japan), and a variant name is . Etymology The word ''waka'' has two different but related meanings: the original meaning was "poetry in Japanese" and encompassed several genres such as ''chōka'' and ''sedōka'' (discussed below); the later, more common definition refers to poetry in a tanka, 5-7-5-7-7 metre. Up to and during the compilation of the in the eighth century, the word ''waka'' was a general term for poetry composed in Japanese, and included several genres such as , , and . However, by the time of the ''Kokinshūs compilation at the beginning of the tenth century, all of these forms except for the ''tanka'' and ''chōka'' had effectively gone extinct, and ''chōka'' had significantly diminished in prominence. As a result, the word ''waka'' became effectively synonymous with ''tanka'', and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
