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Mariastein Abbey
Mariastein Abbey (Kloster Mariastein) is a Order of St. Benedict, Benedictine monastery in Metzerlen-Mariastein in the Canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. Mariastein, after Einsiedeln Abbey, Einsiedeln, is the second most important place of pilgrimage in Switzerland. Over the Chapel of Grace (''"Gnadenkapelle"'') now stands a late Gothic (architecture), Gothic three-aisled basilica. The interior is Baroque and the entrance facade Classicism, classicist. History Mariastein originated as a place of pilgrimage in the late 14th century, with the legend of a miracle of the Blessed Virgin Mary; a stone chapel was first definitely mentioned in 1434. The Augustinians, Augustinian hermits of Basel had charge of the site. In 1648 Mariastein Abbey was established here with the relocation of the remnants of the failing community at Beinwil Abbey, Beinwil, and the foundation of the Benedictine abbey to house them. The abbey was extremely successful both as a revived Benedictine community and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mariastein
Mariastein may refer to: *Mariastein Abbey at Metzerlen-Mariastein, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland *Mariastern Abbey, Banja Luka in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Mariastein, Tyrol, a town in the district of Kufstein in Tyrol, Austria {{geodis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Footnotes
In publishing, a note is a brief text in which the author comments on the subject and themes of the book and names supporting citations. In the editorial production of books and documents, typographically, a note is usually several lines of text at the bottom of the page, at the end of a chapter, at the end of a volume, or a house-style typographic usage throughout the text. Notes are usually identified with superscript numbers or a symbol.''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (1992) p. 709. Footnotes are informational notes located at the foot of the thematically relevant page, whilst endnotes are informational notes published at the end of a chapter, the end of a volume, or the conclusion of a multi-volume book. Unlike footnotes, which require manipulating the page design (text-block and page layouts) to accommodate the additional text, endnotes are advantageous to editorial production because the textual inclusion does not alter the design of the publication. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Church In Switzerland
The Catholic Church in Switzerland (, , , ) is organised into six dioceses and two territorial abbeys, comprising approximately 2.7 million Catholics, about 30.7% of the Swiss population in 2023. Diocesan organisation The six dioceses are: *Diocese of Basel, whose ordinary is Bishop Felix Gmür * Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg, whose ordinary is Bishop Charles Morerod * Diocese of Chur, whose ordinary is Bishop Joseph Maria Bonnemain *Diocese of Lugano, whose ordinary is Bishop Valerio Lazzeri * Diocese of Saint Gallen, whose ordinary is Bishop Markus Büchel * Diocese of Sion, whose ordinary is Bishop Jean-Marie Lovey. The two territorial abbeys, which do not belong to any bishopric, are * St. Maurice's Abbey in the Canton of Valais, which is the longest continuously inhabited monastery in Europe, whose Abbot was Joseph Roduit, * Einsiedeln Abbey, in the Canton of Schwyz. In contrast to most Catholic dioceses, Swiss bishoprics are exempt, i.e. immediate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benedictine Confederation
The Benedictine Confederation of the Order of Saint Benedict () is the international governing body of the Order of Saint Benedict. Origin The Benedictine Confederation is a union of monastic congregations that nevertheless retain their own autonomy, established by Pope Leo XIII in his brief ''Summum semper'' (12 July 1893), subsequently approved by his successors. Pope Pius XII explicitly ordered this union to be regulated by a "Lex Propria", which was later revised after the Second Vatican Council. Organization of the Benedictine Confederation Most Benedictine ''houses'' are loosely affiliated in 19 national or supra-national congregations. Each of these congregations elects its own abbot president. These presidents meet annually in the Synod of Presidents. Additionally, there is a meeting every four years of the Congress of Abbots, which is made up of all abbots and conventual priors, both of monasteries that are members of congregations, as well as of those unaffiliated wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Congregation
The Swiss Congregation of the Benedictine Confederation is a grouping of Order of St. Benedict, Benedictine monasteries in Switzerland or with significant historical Swiss connections. Foundation The congregation was founded, at the urging of the Papal legate to Switzerland, in 1602, with a significant reform agenda. Of the nine Benedictine monasteries in Switzerland which had survived the Protestant Reformation, Reformation, seven had joined by 1604. Disentis Abbey was prevented at first by considerations of the sensitive politico-religious situation in Graubünden, but joined in 1617. Beinwil Abbey had been dissolved in 1554, but the community was still together, and at last, after it had been decided that a re-foundation would take place at Mariastein Abbey, Mariastein, joined in 1647. As at 1647, therefore, the congregation included all the extant Benedictine monasteries in Switzerland: *Einsiedeln Abbey (May 1602) *Fischingen Abbey (May 1602) *Muri Abbey (May 1602) *St. Ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willi Ritschard
Willi Ritschard (sometimes Willy Ritschard; 28 September 1918 – 16 October 1983) was a Swiss politician of the Social Democratic Party (SP). He is remembered as the first and to date only working class member of the Federal Council, the Swiss government. Prior to that, he was also a member of the cantonal government of Solothurn and a member of the National Council. Early life and education Willi Ritschard was born on 28 September 1918 as the son of Ernst Emil Ritschard, a shoemaker in Deitingen and Social Democrat and Frieda (née Ryf), in Canton of Solothurn. As a child, he was beaten by his neighbors for being a son of left-wing workers. He lost both parents at the age of sixteen. He made an apprenticeship as a heating engineer but later got involved in the workers' union. He attended numerous classes at the Swiss Workers' Education Central which was established by the SP politician Max Weber. Career in the Workers Union In 1945 he became the secretary of the Solothu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landammann
''Landammann'' (plural ''Landammänner''), is the German title used by the chief magistrate in certain Cantons of Switzerland and at times featured in the Head of state's style at the confederal level. Old Swiss Confederacy ''Landammann'' or ''Ammann'' was the elected judge and leader of the Landsgemeinde. The term existed in the high medieval period, and was continued in the Old Swiss Confederacy of the 14th to 18th centuries. Napoleonic period While before and after other titles, generally expressing precedence, were used, the title of the Head of State of the Swiss Confederation has been: *Erster Landammann (in German)/ (in French) ''Premier Landamman'' 'First official of the country': 23 November 1801 - 6 February 1802 Aloys Reding von Biberegg (b. 1765 - d. 1818); he succeeded himself as the first under the new, shorter, non-distinctive title: *''Landammänner/ Landammans'': **6 February 1802 - 20 April 1802 Aloys Reding von Biberegg **20 April 1802 - 5 July 1802 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gestapo
The (, ), Syllabic abbreviation, abbreviated Gestapo (), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Free State of Prussia, Prussia into one organisation. On 20 April 1934, oversight of the Gestapo passed to the head of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS), Heinrich Himmler, who was also appointed Chief of German Police by Hitler in 1936. Instead of being exclusively a Prussian state agency, the Gestapo became a national one as a sub-office of the (SiPo; Security Police). From 27 September 1939, it was administered by the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). It became known as (Dept) 4 of the RSHA and was considered a sister organisation to the (SD; Security Service). The Gestapo committed widespread atrocities during its existence. The power of the Gestapo was used to focus upon political opponents, ideological dissenters (clergy and religious org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bregenz
Bregenz (; ) is the capital of Vorarlberg, the westernmost states of Austria, state of Austria. The city lies on the east and southeast shores of Lake Constance, the third-largest freshwater lake in Central Europe, between Switzerland in the west and Germany in the northwest. Bregenz is located on a plateau falling in a series of terraces to the lake at the foot of Pfänder mountain. It is a junction of the arterial roads from the Rhine valley to the German Alps, German Alpine foothills, with cruise ship services on Lake Constance. It is famous for the annual summer music festival ''Bregenzer Festspiele'', as well as the dance festival ''Bregenzer Spring''. History The first settlements date from 1500 BC. The Brigantii are mentioned by Strabo as a Celtic sub-tribe in this region of the Alps. In the 5th century BC, the Celts settled at Brigantion, which became one of their most heavily fortified locations. After a series of battles in 15 BC, the Romans conquered Brigantion and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hallein
Hallein () is a historic town in the Austrian state of Salzburg (state), Salzburg. It is the capital of Hallein (district), Hallein district. Geography The town is located in the ''Tennengau'' region south of the City of Salzburg, stretching along the Salzach river in the shadow of the Untersberg massif, close to the border with Germany in the west. With a population of about 21,150, Hallein is Salzburg (state)#Major cities and towns, the second largest town of the Salzburg state. The municipal area comprises the Cadastral community, cadastral communities of Adnet II, Au, Burgfried, Dürrnberg, Gamp, Gries, Hallein proper, Oberalm II, and Taxach. Hallein can be reached by suburban ''Salzburg S-Bahn, S-Bahn'' railway from the city of Salzburg. It has also access to the '' A 10'' Tauern Autobahn (European route E55) from Salzburg to Villach. History Long known for the Hallein Salt Mine in the ''Dürrnberg'' plateau, settling in the area have been traced 4000 years back. It was a C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dürrnberg
Dürrnberg, also named Bad Dürrnberg, is an Austrian village part of the municipality of Hallein, in Hallein District (Tennengau), Salzburg State. It is the location of the Hallein Salt Mine (''Salzbergwerk Dürrnberg''). History The history of Dürrnberg and its territory is closely related to the presence of salt on its mountains. Previously used as an allocation for nomadic hunters around 2000/2500 years b.C., was used by Celtic tribes around 600 BC. For the important Celtic bronze flagon found there, now in the Keltenmuseum in Hallein, see Basse Yutz Flagons. Geography The village is located on a hillside upon Salzach river and under the Obersalzberg mountain range. It lies close to Austrian borders with Bavaria, Germany and nearest German village is Oberau, few km after the frontier. Dürrnberg is 4 km far from Hallein, 20 from Salzburg and 12 from the Bavarian town of Berchtesgaden. Main sights The Hallein Salt Mine, also known as ''Salzbergwerk Dürrnberg'', is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
