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''Landammann'' (plural ''Landammänner''), is the German title used by the
chief magistrate A chief magistrate is a public official, executive or judicial, whose office is the highest in its class. Historically, the two different meanings of magistrate have often overlapped and refer to, as the case may be, to a major political and admi ...
in certain
Cantons of Switzerland The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the Federated state, member states of the Switzerland, Swiss Confederation. The nucleus of the Swiss Confederacy in the form of the first three confederate allies used to be referred to as the . Two important ...
and at times featured in the Head of state's style at the confederal level.


Old Swiss Confederacy

''Landammann'' or ''Ammann'' was the elected judge and leader of the Landsgemeinde. The term existed in the high medieval period, and was continued in the
Old Swiss Confederacy The Old Swiss Confederacy, also known as Switzerland or the Swiss Confederacy, was a loose confederation of independent small states (, German or ), initially within the Holy Roman Empire. It is the precursor of the modern state of Switzerlan ...
of the 14th to 18th centuries.


Napoleonic period

While before and after other titles, generally expressing precedence, were used, the title of the Head of State of the Swiss Confederation has been: *Erster Landammann (in German)/ (in French) ''Premier Landamman'' 'First official of the country': 23 November 1801 - 6 February 1802 Aloys Reding von Biberegg (b. 1765 - d. 1818); he succeeded himself as the first under the new, shorter, non-distinctive title: *''Landammänner/ Landammans'': **6 February 1802 - 20 April 1802 Aloys Reding von Biberegg **20 April 1802 - 5 July 1802 Vinzenz Rüttimann (acting) (b. 1769 - d. 1844) **5 July 1802 - 8 March 1803 Johann Rudolf Dolder (b. 1753 - d. 1807) **August 1802 - September 1802 Aloys Reding von Biberegg (again; now in rebellion) *under French occupation, when emperor Napoleon I Bonaparte styled himself 'Mediator' (equivalent to his title Protector in the German Confederatio of the Rhine) of the Swiss (at first Helvetic) Confederation, the actual Head of the Confederation was simply the chief magistrate of the canton hosting the Swiss Diet (Helvetic confederal parliament), with the title Landammann der Schweiz (in German)/ Landamman de la Suisse (in French)/ Landamano della Svizzera (in Italian), usually for a year, 10 March 1803 - 31 December 1813 * Louis d’Affry (Freiburg), 10 March – 31 December 1803 (1st time) * Niklaus Rudolf von Wattenwyl (Bern), 1804 (1st time) * Peter Glutz-Ruchti (Solothurn), 1805 * Andreas Merian (Basel), 1806 * Hans von Reinhard (Zürich), 1807 (1st time) * Vinzenz Rüttimann (Luzern), 1808 * Louis d’Affry (Freiburg), 1809 (2nd time) * Niklaus Rudolf von Wattenwyl (Bern), 1810 (2nd time) * Heinrich Daniel Balthasar Grimm von Wartenfels (Solothurn), 1811 * Peter Burckhardt (Basel), 1812 * Hans von Reinhard (Zürich), 1813 (2nd time)


Contemporary Switzerland

If the office is held by a woman, she is addressed as ''Frau Landammann'' (Ms. Landammann). The French version is ''Landamman'' (plural ''Landammans''), the Italian ''Landamano'' (plural ''Landamani'') Today, ''Landammann'' still is the title of the president of the cantonal executive in the following Swiss cantons : *
Aargau Aargau ( ; ), more formally the Canton of Aargau (; ; ; ), is one of the Canton of Switzerland, 26 cantons forming the Switzerland, Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eleven districts and its capital is Aarau. Aargau is one of the most nort ...
annual since 1831-32 (before: an '' Amtsbürgermeister)'' * Appenzell Innerrhoden * Appenzell Ausserrhoden *
Glarus Glarus (; ; ; ; ) is the capital of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2011, the municipality of Glarus incorporates the former municipalities of Ennenda, Netstal and Riedern.Nidwalden * Obwalden *
Schwyz Schwyz (; ; ) is a town and the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. The Federal Charter of 1291 or ''Bundesbrief'', the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the ''Bundesbriefmuseum''. The of ...
* Solothurn * Uri * Zug Some Swiss towns in those cantons use the equivalent title Stadtammann for the mayor.


See also

*
Amtmann __NOTOC__ The ''Amtmann'' or ''Ammann'' (in Switzerland) was an official in German-speaking countries of Europe and in some of the Nordic countries from the time of the Middle Ages whose office was akin to that of a bailiff A bailiff is a ...
* Reichsvogt * Vogt (Switzerland)


References

*
WorldStatesmen Switzerland - choose also in the alphabetical groups of Cantons
Government of Switzerland Gubernatorial titles Heads of state Heads of government {{Switzerland-stub