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Manila Battalion
The Manila Battalion was a military unit within the Philippine Republican Army, composed of enlisted Filipino soldiers from the City of Manila. The battalion started out as a territorial militia during the war of independence from Spain. It was stationed in the Fourth Zone of Manila under the command of General Pantaleon Garcia and Colonel Enrique Pacheco, and saw action in the Battle of Manila in 1899. A company of the Manila Battalion under Captain Garcia was present in Aliaga, Nueva Ecija on June 5th, 1899. On that day, they disarmed General Luna's men and conducted them as prisoners, sending them toward Cabanatuan. This occurred on the same day General Luna was assassinated by troops of the Kawit Battalion in Cabanatuan. Related Units Another Manila-based territorial militia was recorded to have been active in January 1899. The ''5th Trozo Battalion'' was formed by Intramuros resident Julian Santo. The name of the battalion was derived from the vicinity of Trozo in Santa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Revolutionary Army
The Philippine Revolutionary Army ( Spanish: ; ), later renamed Philippine Republican Army, was the army of the First Philippine Republic from its formation in March 1897 to its dissolution in November of 1899 in favor of guerrilla operations in the Philippine–American War. History The revolutionary army used the 1896 edition of the Spanish regular army's ''Ordenanza del Ejército'' to organize its forces and establish its character as a modern army. Rules and regulations were laid down for the reorganization of the army, along with the regulation of ranks and the adoption of new fighting methods, new rank insignias, and a new standard uniform known as the '' rayadillo''. Filipino artist Juan Luna is credited with this design. Juan Luna also designed the collar insignia for the uniforms, distinguishing between the services: infantry, cavalry, artillery, sappers, and medics. His brother, General Antonio Luna commissioned him with the task and personally paid for the new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Revolution
The Philippine Revolution ( or ; or ) was a war of independence waged by the revolutionary organization Katipunan against the Spanish Empire from 1896 to 1898. It was the culmination of the 333-year History of the Philippines (1565–1898), colonial rule of Spain in the archipelago. The Captaincy General of the Philippines, Philippines was one of the last major colonies of the Spanish Empire, which had already suffered Spanish American wars of independence, a massive decline in the 1820s. Cuban War of Independence, Cuba rebelled in 1895, and in 1898, the United States Spanish–American War, intervened and the Spanish soon capitulated. In June, Philippine revolutionaries Philippine Declaration of Independence, declared independence. However, it was not recognized by Spain, which sold the islands to the United States in the Treaty of Paris (1898), Treaty of Paris. Led by Andrés Bonifacio, the Katipunan was formed in secrecy in 1892 in the wake of the nascent La Liga Filipina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pantaleon Garcia
Pantaleon (, ''Pantaléōn'') was a Greek king who reigned some time between 190 and 180 BC in Bactria and India. He was a younger contemporary or successor of the Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius, and is sometimes believed to have been his brother and/or subking. The scarcity of his coinage indicates a short reign. Known evidence suggests that he was replaced by his (probable) brother or son Agathocles, by whom he was commemorated on a "pedigree" coin. Copper-nickel coinage Some of his coins (as well as those of Agathocles and Euthydemus II) have another surprising characteristic: they are made of copper-nickel alloy, a technology that would not be developed in the West until the 18th century (some 1,890 years later), but was known by the Chinese at the time. This suggests that exchanges of the metallic alloy or technicians happened between China and the region of Bactria. Bilingual Indian-standard coinage He was the first Greek king to strike Indian coins, peculiar irregular bro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enrique Pacheco
Enrique () is the Spanish variant of the given name Heinrich of Germanic origin. Equivalents in other languages are Henry (English), Enric (Catalan), Enrico (Italian), Henrik (Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian), Heinrich (German), Hendrik, Henk (Dutch), Henri (French), and Henrique (Portuguese). Common nicknames of Enrique are Kiki, Kiko, Kike, Rick, Ricky, and Quique. Enrique is also a surname. A variant surname is '' Enriquez'' (son of Enrique). Notable people with the name include: Given name * Enrique of Malacca (fl. 1511–1521), Malay slave who may have been the first person to travel around the world * Enrique Aguirre (born 1979), Argentine athlete * Enrique Álvarez Félix (1934–1996), Mexican actor * Enrique Bátiz (1942–2025), Mexican conductor and concert pianist * Enrique Bolaños (1928–2021), President of Nicaragua from 2002 to 2007 * Enrique Bunbury (born 1967), Spanish singer and band member of Heroes Del Silencio * Enrique Campos (born 1961), Venezuelan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Manila (1899)
The Battle of Manila (Filipino language, Filipino: ''Labanan sa Maynila''; ), the first and largest battle of the Philippine–American War, was fought on February 4–5, 1899, between 19,000 United States military, American soldiers and 15,000 First Philippine Republic, Filipino armed militiamen. Armed conflict broke out when American troops, under orders to turn away insurgents from their encampment, fired upon an encroaching group of Filipinos. Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo attempted to broker a ceasefire, but American General Elwell Stephen Otis rejected it, and fighting escalated the next day. It ended in an American victory, although minor skirmishes continued for several days afterward. Order of battle Filipino Philippine Revolutionary Army, Philippine Republican Army – Generalissimo, General Emilio Aguinaldo * Chief-of-Operations: Captain general, General Antonio Luna U.S. Eighth Army Corps (Spanish–American War), Eighth Army Corps – Major General El ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aliaga, Nueva Ecija
Aliaga, officially the Municipality of Aliaga (, Ilocano: ''Ili ti Aliaga''), is a municipality in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 70,363 people. History The town of Aliaga, Nueva Ecija was founded on January 3, 1849, much earlier than the traditionally commemorated date of February 8, 1849. This historical correction springs from a 2023 archival research of pertinent 1849 records found at the Archdiocesan Archives of Manila. More importantly, the same date is inscribed clearly in the Decree of Establishment of the Aliaga Parish, also found at the Archdiocesan Archives. Additionally, these newly revisited records indicate that the canonical establishment of the Aliaga Parish took place on February 27, 1849, instead of April 26, 1849. More significantly, the research also supplies the correct name of Aliaga's first Gobernadorcillo (town mayor): Aniceto Maria Muñoz. Previous documents have introduced him as Aniceto F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Luna
Antonio Narciso Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta (; October 29, 1866 – June 5, 1899) was a Filipinos, Filipino army general and a pharmacist who fought in the Philippine–American War before his assassination on June 5, 1899, at the age of 32. Regarded as one of the fiercest generals of his time, he succeeded Artemio Ricarte as the Chief of the Army (Philippines), Commanding General of the Philippine Army. He sought to apply his background in military science to the fledgling army. A sharpshooter himself, he organized professional guerrilla soldiers later named the "Luna Sharpshooters," and the "Black Guard" with Michael Joaquin. His three-tier defense, now known as the Luna Defense Line, gave the American troops a difficult endeavor during their campaign in the provinces north of Manila. This defense line culminated in the creation of a military stronghold in the Cordillera Central, Luzon, Cordillera. Despite his commitment to discipline the army and serve the Republic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cabanatuan
Cabanatuan, officially the City of Cabanatuan (; ; kapampangan language, Kapampangan: ''Lakanbalen/Ciudad ning Cabanatuan''), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 327,325 people, making it the most populous city in Nueva Ecija and the fifth-most populous in Central Luzon. The city is popular for being home to more than 30,000 Motorized tricycle (Philippines), motorized tricycles, making it the "Tricycle Capital of the Philippines." Its strategic location along the Cagayan Valley Road has helped make the city into the major economic, educational, medical, entertainment, shopping, and transportation center it is today. It is the commercial center for Nueva Ecija and nearby provinces in the region such as Tarlac, Aurora (province), Aurora, and Bulacan. It has also earned the moniker "Gateway to the North." Cabanatuan remained Nueva Ecija's capital until ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Luna
Antonio Narciso Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta (; October 29, 1866 – June 5, 1899) was a Filipinos, Filipino army general and a pharmacist who fought in the Philippine–American War before his assassination on June 5, 1899, at the age of 32. Regarded as one of the fiercest generals of his time, he succeeded Artemio Ricarte as the Chief of the Army (Philippines), Commanding General of the Philippine Army. He sought to apply his background in military science to the fledgling army. A sharpshooter himself, he organized professional guerrilla soldiers later named the "Luna Sharpshooters," and the "Black Guard" with Michael Joaquin. His three-tier defense, now known as the Luna Defense Line, gave the American troops a difficult endeavor during their campaign in the provinces north of Manila. This defense line culminated in the creation of a military stronghold in the Cordillera Central, Luzon, Cordillera. Despite his commitment to discipline the army and serve the Republic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intramuros
Intramuros () is the historic walled area within the city of Manila, the capital of the Philippines. It is administered by the Intramuros Administration with the help of the city government of Manila. Intramuros comprises a centuries-old historic district, entirely surrounded by fortifications, that was considered at the time of the Spanish Empire to be the entire City of Manila. Other towns and ''arrabales'' (suburbs) located beyond the walls that are now districts of Manila were referred to as ''extramuros'', Spanish language, Spanish for "outside the walls", and were independent towns that were only incorporated into the city of Manila during the early 20th century. Intramuros served as the seat of government of the Captaincy General of the Philippines, a component realm of the Spanish Empire, housing the colony's governor-general from its founding in 1571 until 1865, and the Real Audiencia of Manila until the end of Spanish rule during the Philippine Revolution of 1898. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Cruz, Manila
Santa Cruz is a district in the northern part of the Manila, City of Manila, Philippines, located on the right bank of the Pasig River near its mouth. It is bordered by the districts of Tondo, Manila, Tondo, Binondo, Manila, Binondo, Quiapo, Manila, Quiapo, and Sampaloc, Manila, Sampaloc, as well as the areas of Grace Park and Barrio San José in Caloocan, and the district of La Loma in Quezon City. The district belongs to the Manila's 3rd congressional district, 3rd congressional district of Manila. History Spanish colonial era Prior to the arrival of the Spain, Spanish conquistadors to the Philippine archipelago in 1521, the district of Santa Cruz was partly Marsh, marshland, patches of greenery, orchards, and Paddy field, ricefields. A Spanish expedition in 1581 claimed the territory and awarded it to the Society of Jesus. The Jesuits then built the first Catholic church in the area, where the present Santa Cruz Church (Manila), Santa Cruz Church stands on June 20, 1619. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Battle Of Caloocan
The Second Battle of Caloocan (, ), alternately called the Second Battle of Manila, was fought from February 22 to 24, 1899, in Caloocan during the Philippine–American War. The battle featured a Filipino counterattack aimed at gaining Manila from the Americans. This counterattack failed to regain Manila mainly because of lack of coordination among Filipino units and lack of artillery support. Background The Philippine–American War began on February 4, 1899, with the culmination of the Battle of Manila (1899), Battle of Manila. Later, on February 10, Filipino forces regrouped in Caloocan and fought again with the American forces at the first Battle of Caloocan. The Americans won both engagements, but then Elwell S. Otis had Arthur MacArthur, Jr. wait before attacking Malolos.Linn, B.M., 2000, The Philippine War, 1899–1902, Lawrence:University Press of Kansas, Noticing that the Americans had halted their offensive to reorganize, the Filipino forces, now under the command ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
