|
Malcolmiella
''Malcolmiella'' is a genus of lichenized fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ... in the family Pilocarpaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Czech lichenologist Antonín Vězda 1997, with '' Malcolmiella cinereovirens'' as the type, and only species. The generic name honours William McLagan Malcolm (born 1936), a New Zealand-born American botanist and botanical illustrator who specialised in cryptogams. '' M. interversa'' was added as a second species in 2021 (transferred from genus '' Lecidea''). References Pilocarpaceae Lichen genera Lecanorales genera Taxa named by Antonín Vězda Taxa described in 1997 {{Lecanorales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malcolmiella Cinereovirens
''Malcolmiella'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Czech lichenologist Antonín Vězda 1997, with '' Malcolmiella cinereovirens'' as the type, and only species. The generic name honours William McLagan Malcolm (born 1936), a New Zealand-born American botanist and botanical illustrator who specialised in cryptogams. '' M. interversa'' was added as a second species in 2021 (transferred from genus ''Lecidea ''Lecidea'' is a genus of crustose lichen, crustose lichens with a carbon-black ring or outer margin (exciple) around the fruiting body disc (apothecium), usually (or always) found growing on (Saxicolous lichen, saxicolous) or in (Endolithic lich ...''). References Pilocarpaceae Lichen genera Lecanorales genera Taxa named by Antonín Vězda Taxa described in 1997 {{Lecanorales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malcolmiella Interversa
''Malcolmiella'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by Czech lichenologist Antonín Vězda 1997, with ''Malcolmiella cinereovirens'' as the type, and only species. The generic name honours William McLagan Malcolm (born 1936), a New Zealand-born American botanist and botanical illustrator who specialised in cryptogams. '' M. interversa'' was added as a second species in 2021 (transferred from genus ''Lecidea ''Lecidea'' is a genus of crustose lichen, crustose lichens with a carbon-black ring or outer margin (exciple) around the fruiting body disc (apothecium), usually (or always) found growing on (Saxicolous lichen, saxicolous) or in (Endolithic lich ...''). References Pilocarpaceae Lichen genera Lecanorales genera Taxa named by Antonín Vězda Taxa described in 1997 {{Lecanorales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonín Vězda
Antonín (Toni) Vězda (25 November 1920 – 10 November 2008) was a Czech lichenologist. After completing a university education that was postponed by World War II, Vězda taught botany at the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech University of Life Sciences. In 1958, he was dismissed from his university position as a result of the restrictions placed on academic freedoms by the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, communist regime in power. He eventually was hired as a lichen researcher by the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, who allowed him to work from his apartment, which served also as an office and herbarium. Vězda was a productive worker, publishing nearly 400 scientific papers between 1948 and 2008, most solitarily, describing hundreds of new taxon, taxa, and building up a herbarium scientific collection, collection of more than 300,000 specimens. He was praised for his series of exsiccata, exsiccates – sets of dried herbarium specimens – assembled with bot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. Phylogeneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen
A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. . Lichens are the lifeform that first brought the term symbiosis (as ''Symbiotismus'') into biological context. Lichens have since been recognized as important actors in nutrient cycling and producers which many higher trophic feeders feed on, such as reindeer, gastropods, nematodes, mites, and springtails. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the kingdom (biology)#Six kingdoms (1998), traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pilocarpaceae
The Pilocarpaceae are a family of crustose lichens in the order Lecanorales. The species of this family have a cosmopolitan distribution and have been found in a variety of climatic regions. Pilocarpaceae was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in Adolf Engler's influential 1905 work '' Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien''. In 2004, the family Micareaceae included the genera; '' Helocarpon'', '' Micarea'', ''Psilolechia'', '' Roccellinastrum'', and ''Scutula''. Then in 2005, molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial rDNA sequences showed that the genus ''Helocarpon'' was not related to the ''Micareaceae'' family and the rest of the genus were related to the Pilocarpaceae family and other genera. Description Pilocarpaceae species are crustose and have ascomata in the form of an brightly-coloured apothecium with a poorly-developed margin comprising loosely-intertwined hyphae. The ascospores are hyaline and often elongated with one or more septa. Genera Pilocarpaceae contains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circumscription (taxonomy)
In biological taxonomy, circumscription is the content of a taxon, that is, the delimitation of which subordinate taxa are parts of that taxon. For example, if we determine that species X, Y, and Z belong in genus A, and species T, U, V, and W belong in genus B, those are our circumscriptions of those two genera. Another systematist might determine that T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z all belong in genus A. Agreement on circumscriptions is not governed by the Codes of Zoological or Botanical Nomenclature, and must be reached by scientific consensus. A goal of biological taxonomy is to achieve a stable circumscription for every taxon. This goal conflicts, at times, with the goal of achieving a natural classification that reflects the evolutionary history of divergence of groups of organisms. Balancing these two goals is a work in progress, and the circumscriptions of many taxa that had been regarded as stable for decades are in upheaval in the light of rapid developments in molecu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological Type (biology), type wiktionary:en:specimen, specimen (or specimens). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name with that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptogam
A cryptogam (scientific name ''Cryptogamae'') is a plant, in the broad sense of the word, or a plant-like organism that share similar characteristics, such as being multicellular, photosynthetic, and primarily immobile, that reproduces via spores rather than through flowers or seeds. This broader definition can include algae, fungi, and certain bacteria (like cyanobacteria), even though they may belong to different biological kingdoms. Taxonomy The name ''Cryptogamae'' () means "hidden reproduction", meaning non-seed bearing plants. Other names, such as "thallophytes", "lower plants", and "spore plants" have occasionally been used. As a group, Cryptogamae are paired with the Phanerogamae or Spermatophyta, the seed plants. At one time, the cryptogams were formally recognised as a group within the plant kingdom. In his system for classification of all known plants and animals, Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) divided the plant kingdom into 24 classes, one of which was the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecidea
''Lecidea'' is a genus of crustose lichen, crustose lichens with a carbon-black ring or outer margin (exciple) around the fruiting body disc (apothecium), usually (or always) found growing on (Saxicolous lichen, saxicolous) or in (Endolithic lichen, endolithic) rock.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Lichens that have such a black exciple are called lecideine, meaning "like ''Lecidea'', even if they are not in this genus. Members of the genus are List of common names of lichen genera, commonly called disk lichens or tile lichens. Selected species According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains an estimated 427 species. * ''Lecidea atrobrunnea'' * ''Lecidea hassei'' * ''Lecidea keimioeensis'' * ''Lecidea laboriosa'' * ''Lecidea lithophila'' References Lecidea, * Lecideales genera Lichen genera Taxa named by Erik Acharius Taxa described in 1803 {{Lecanoromycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
