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Malacosporea
Saccosporidae is a family of myxozoans... It is the only family within the class (biology), class Malacosporea and has only three species, while the other class of Myxozoa, Myxosporea, includes more than a thousand. Taxonomy and systematics *Genus ''Buddenbrockia'' Schröder, 1910 **''Buddenbrockia allmani'' Canning, Curry, Hill & Okamura, 2007 **''Buddenbrockia plumatellae'' Schröder, 1910 *Genus ''Tetracapsuloides'' Canning, Tops, Curry, Wood & Okamura, 2002 **''Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae'' (Canning, Curry, Feist, Longshaw & Okamura, 1999) Description Saccosporidae are parasites of fish and freshwater bryozoans. ''Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae'', the only representative of the group whose life cycle is well studied, causes proliferative disease of the kidneys in salmonids. Two stages of the life cycles of the two species in the genus ''Buddenbrockia'' are known. One of them is a saccular stage, similar to ''Tetracapsuloides''. During the second stage the animals are mobil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddenbrockia Allmani
Saccosporidae is a family of myxozoans... It is the only family within the class Malacosporea and has only three species, while the other class of Myxozoa, Myxosporea, includes more than a thousand. Taxonomy and systematics *Genus ''Buddenbrockia'' Schröder, 1910 **'' Buddenbrockia allmani'' Canning, Curry, Hill & Okamura, 2007 **'' Buddenbrockia plumatellae'' Schröder, 1910 *Genus '' Tetracapsuloides'' Canning, Tops, Curry, Wood & Okamura, 2002 **'' Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae'' (Canning, Curry, Feist, Longshaw & Okamura, 1999) Description Saccosporidae are parasites of fish and freshwater bryozoans. ''Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae'', the only representative of the group whose life cycle is well studied, causes proliferative disease of the kidneys in salmonids. Two stages of the life cycles of the two species in the genus ''Buddenbrockia'' are known. One of them is a saccular stage, similar to ''Tetracapsuloides''. During the second stage the animals are mobile and superfi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetracapsuloides
''Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae'' is a myxozoan parasite of salmonid fish. It is the only species currently recognized in the monotypic genus ''Tetracapsuloides''. It is the cause of proliferative kidney disease (PKD), one of the most serious parasitic diseases of salmonid populations in Europe and North America. The disease can result in losses of up to 90% in infected populations. Taxonomy Until the late 1990s, the organism which caused PKD was enigmatic, thus called PKX organism. The causative agent of PKD was recognized as a form of Malacosporean. The absence of mature spores in salmonid hosts, the lack of fish-to-fish transmission, and seasonality of the disease suggesting that the life cycle of PKX was completed in another host and that infection of salmonids could be accidental. Aleksei Korotnev (Korotneff) observed a myxozoan in the bryozoan, '' Plumatella fungosa'', in 1892, which he described as ''Myxosporidium bryozoides.'' Myxozoan infection of bryozoans was not report ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetracapsuloides Bryosalmonae
''Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae'' is a myxozoan parasite of salmonid fish. It is the only species currently recognized in the monotypic genus ''Tetracapsuloides''. It is the cause of proliferative kidney disease (PKD), one of the most serious parasitic diseases of salmonid populations in Europe and North America. The disease can result in losses of up to 90% in infected populations. Taxonomy Until the late 1990s, the organism which caused PKD was enigmatic, thus called PKX organism. The causative agent of PKD was recognized as a form of Malacosporean. The absence of mature spores in salmonid hosts, the lack of fish-to-fish transmission, and seasonality of the disease suggesting that the life cycle of PKX was completed in another host and that infection of salmonids could be accidental. Aleksei Korotnev (Korotneff) observed a myxozoan in the bryozoan, '' Plumatella fungosa'', in 1892, which he described as ''Myxosporidium bryozoides.'' Myxozoan infection of bryozoans was not repo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malacosporea
Saccosporidae is a family of myxozoans... It is the only family within the class (biology), class Malacosporea and has only three species, while the other class of Myxozoa, Myxosporea, includes more than a thousand. Taxonomy and systematics *Genus ''Buddenbrockia'' Schröder, 1910 **''Buddenbrockia allmani'' Canning, Curry, Hill & Okamura, 2007 **''Buddenbrockia plumatellae'' Schröder, 1910 *Genus ''Tetracapsuloides'' Canning, Tops, Curry, Wood & Okamura, 2002 **''Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae'' (Canning, Curry, Feist, Longshaw & Okamura, 1999) Description Saccosporidae are parasites of fish and freshwater bryozoans. ''Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae'', the only representative of the group whose life cycle is well studied, causes proliferative disease of the kidneys in salmonids. Two stages of the life cycles of the two species in the genus ''Buddenbrockia'' are known. One of them is a saccular stage, similar to ''Tetracapsuloides''. During the second stage the animals are mobil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myxozoa
Myxozoa (etymology: Greek: μύξα ''myxa'' "slime" or "mucus" + thematic vowel o + ζῷον ''zoon'' "animal") is a subphylum of aquatic cnidarian animals – all obligate parasites. It contains the smallest animals ever known to have lived. Over 2,180 species have been described and some estimates have suggested at least 30,000 undiscovered species. Many have a two-host lifecycle, involving a fish and an annelid worm or a bryozoan. The average size of a myxosporean spore usually ranges from 10 μm to 20 μm, whereas that of a malacosporean (a subclade of the Myxozoa) spore can be up to 2 mm. Myxozoans can live in both freshwater and marine habitats. Myxozoans are highly derived cnidarians that have undergone dramatic evolution from a free swimming, self-sufficient jellyfish-like creature into their current form of obligate parasites composed of very few cells. As myxozoans evolved into microscopic parasites, they lost many genes responsible for multice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddenbrockia Plumatellae
''Buddenbrockia plumatellae'' is a worm-like parasite of bryozoans whose taxonomic placement long puzzled biologists. It is now classified as one of only three myxozoans in the Malacosporea subclass and its only family, Saccosporidae, on the basis of both genetic and ultrastructural studies. It was the first multicellular myxozoan identified and its vermiform shape initially gave strong support to the theory that the enigmatic group belongs among the Bilateria. Five years later, this was refuted by a study of fifty genes from this same "worm", which had rarely even been seen since its discovery in 1851. These 50 phylogenetic markers reveal that ''Buddenbrockia'' is closely related to jellyfish and sea anemones, typical members of the animalian phylum Cnidaria. Because of the highly divergent nuclear protein sequences of ''Buddenbrockia'', relative to those of the other animals compared in this study, only the use of a sophisticated tree-building approach (''i.e.'', Bayesian infe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Class (biology)
In biological classification, class () is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order. History The class as a distinct rank of biological classification having its own distinctive name – and not just called a ''top-level genus'' ''(genus summum)'' – was first introduced by French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in the classification of plants that appeared in his '' Eléments de botanique'' of 1694. Insofar as a general definition of a class is available, it has historically been conceived as embracing taxa that combine a distinct ''grade'' of organization—i.e. a 'level of complexity', measured in terms of how differentiated their organ systems are into distinct regions or sub-organs—with a distinct ''type'' of construction, whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myxosporea
Myxosporea is a class of microscopic animals, all of whom are parasites. They belong to the Myxozoa clade within Cnidaria. They have a complex life cycle that comprises vegetative forms in two hosts—one an aquatic invertebrate (generally an annelid but sometimes a bryozoan) and the other an ectothermic vertebrate, usually a fish. Each parasitized host releases a different type of spore. The two forms of spore are so different in appearance that until relatively recently they were treated as belonging to different classes within the Myxozoa. Taxonomic status The taxonomy of both actinosporeans and myxosporeans was originally based on spore morphology. In 1994 the phylum Myxozoa was redefined to solve the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems arising from the two-host life cycle of myxozoans. The distinction between the two previously recognised classes Actinosporea and Myxosporea disappeared and the class ''Actinosporea'' was suppressed, becoming a synonym of the class ''Myxosp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryozoans
Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic animal, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary Colony (biology), colonies. Typically about long, they have a special feeding structure called a lophophore, a "crown" of tentacles used for filter feeder, filter feeding. Most Marine (ocean), marine bryozoans live in tropical waters, but a few are found in oceanic trenches and polar waters. The bryozoans are classified as the Stenolaemata, marine bryozoans (Stenolaemata), Phylactolaemata, freshwater bryozoans (Phylactolaemata), and Gymnolaemata, mostly-marine bryozoans (Gymnolaemata), a few members of which prefer brackish water. 5,869living species are known. Originally all of the crown group Bryozoa were colonial, but as an adaptation to a mesopsammal (interstitial spaces in marine sand) life or to deep-sea habitats, secondarily solitary forms have since evolved. Solitary species have been described i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salmonids
Salmonidae (, ) is a family of ray-finned fish, the only extant member of the suborder Salmonoidei, consisting of 11 extant genera and over 200 species collectively known as "salmonids" or "salmonoids". The family includes salmon (both Atlantic and Pacific species), trout (both ocean-going and landlocked), char, graylings, freshwater whitefishes, taimens and lenoks, all coldwater mid-level predatory fish that inhabit the subarctic and cool temperate waters of the Northern Hemisphere. The Atlantic salmon (''Salmo salar''), whose Latin name became that of its genus ''Salmo'', is also the eponym of the family and order names. Salmonids have a relatively primitive appearance among teleost fish, with the pelvic fins being placed far back, and an adipose fin towards the rear of the back. They have slender bodies with rounded scales and forked tail fins, and their mouths contain a single row of sharp teeth. Although the smallest salmonid species is just long for adults, most salm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Worm
Worms are many different distantly related bilateria, bilateral animals that typically have a long cylindrical tube-like body, no limb (anatomy), limbs, and usually no eyes. Worms vary in size from microscopic to over in length for marine polychaete worms (bristle worms); for the African giant earthworm, ''Microchaetus rappi''; and for the marine nemertean worm (bootlace worm), ''Lineus longissimus''. Various types of worm occupy a small variety of parasitism, parasitic niches, living inside the bodies of other animals. Free-living worm species do not live on land but instead live in marine or freshwater environments or underground by burrowing. In biology, "worm" refers to an obsolete taxon, ''Vermes'', used by Carl Linnaeus, Carolus Linnaeus and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck for all non-arthropod invertebrate animals, now seen to be paraphyletic. The name stems from the Old English word ''wikt:wyrm, wyrm''. Most animals called "worms" are invertebrates, but the term is also use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
