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Makresh Rocks
Makresh Rocks (, ‘Skali Makresh’ ska-'li 'ma-kresh) are a group of rocks situated northeast of Treklyano Island off the northeast coast of Robert Island, South Shetland Islands. Extending in west-southwest to east-northeast direction, and in northwest-southeast direction. The solitary ''Salient Rock'' is lying east of the midpoint of Makresh Rocks and northeast of Smirnenski Point. The feature is named after the settlement of Makresh in northwestern Bulgaria. Salient Rock was descriptively named ''Roca Saliente'' by the Chilean Antarctic Expedition and charted in 1951. Location Makresh Rocks are centred at (Bulgarian mapping in 2009). See also * Composite Antarctic Gazetteer * List of Antarctic islands south of 60° S * SCAR * Territorial claims in Antarctica Map * L.L. IvanovAntarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands.Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. Notes References Makresh Rocks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antarctica
Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean), it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, being about 40% larger than Europe, and has an area of . Most of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, with an average thickness of . Antarctica is, on average, the coldest, driest, and windiest of the continents, and it has the highest average elevation. It is mainly a polar desert, with annual Climate of Antarctica#Precipitation, precipitation of over along the coast and far less inland. About 70% of the world's freshwater reserves are frozen in Antarctica, which, if melted, would raise global sea levels by almost . Antarctica holds the record for the Lowest temperature recorded on Earth, lowest measured temperature on Earth, . The coastal regions can reach temperatures over in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Shetland Islands
The South Shetland Islands are a group of List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands, Antarctic islands located in the Drake Passage with a total area of . They lie about north of the Antarctic Peninsula, and between southwest of the nearest point of the South Orkney Islands. By the Antarctic Treaty System, Antarctic Treaty of 1959, the islands' sovereignty is neither recognized nor disputed by the signatories. According to British government language on the topic, "the whole of Antarctica is protected in the interests of peace and science." The islands have been claimed by three countries, beginning with the United Kingdom since 1908 (since 1962 as part of the equally unrecognized British Antarctic Territory). The islands are also claimed by the governments of Chile (since 1940, as part of the Antártica Chilena province), and by Argentina (since 1943, as part of Argentine Antarctica, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina, Tierra del Fuego Province). Several countries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antarctic Treaty System
The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively known as the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), regulate international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earth's only continent without a native human population. It was the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War, designating the continent as a scientific preserve, establishing freedom of scientific investigation, and banning Military activity in the Antarctic, military activity; for the purposes of the treaty system, Antarctica is defined as all the land and ice shelf, ice shelves south of 60th parallel south, 60°S latitude. Since September 2004, the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat, which implements the treaty system, is headquartered in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The main treaty was opened for signature on 1 December 1959, and officially coming into force, entered into force on 23 June 1961. The original signatories were the 12 countries active in Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treklyano Island
Treklyano Island (, ) is an island off the northeast coast of Robert Island, South Shetland Islands Extending , with a low rocky formation projecting northeastwards, the island emerged as a distinct geographical entity following the retreat of Robert Island's ice cap in the late 20th century. Named after the settlement of Treklyano in western Bulgaria. Location The island is located at which is northwest of Kitchen Point, west of Smirnenski Point and southeast of Newell Point (Bulgarian early mapping in 2009). See also * Composite Antarctic Gazetteer * List of Antarctic islands south of 60° S * SCAR * Territorial claims in Antarctica Maps * L.L. IvanovAntarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. Notes References Treklyano Island.SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer.Antarctic Place-names Commission The Antarctic Place-nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Island
Robert Island or Mitchells Island or Polotsk Island or Roberts Island is an island An island or isle is a piece of land, distinct from a continent, completely surrounded by water. There are continental islands, which were formed by being split from a continent by plate tectonics, and oceanic islands, which have never been ... long and wide, situated between Nelson Island (South Shetland Islands), Nelson Island and Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Robert Island is located at . Its surface area is . The name "Robert Island" dates back to around 1821 and is now established in international usage. Much of the Coppermine Peninsula in the west of the island is made up by a perched strandflat erosion surface, surface that was at sea level in the past. Captain Richard Fildes may have named Robert Island for his brig . Fildes was seal hunting, sealing in the South Shetlands in 1821–1822 until ice destroyed his vessel in March 1822. Fildes Strait is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smirnenski Point
Smirnenski Point (, ‘Nos Smirnenski’ \'nos 'smir-nen-ski\) is a narrow, ice-free point on the east coast of Robert Island projecting 1.1 km into Nelson Strait in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, and forming the northwest side of the entrance to Garnya Cove. It is situated 1.2 km northwest of Perelik Point, 4.4 km north-northwest of Batuliya Point, 1.42 km east of Treklyano Island, 4.7 km east of Ugarchin Point and 8.11 km southeast of Newell Point. Bulgarian early mapping in 2009. The feature is named after the Bulgarian poet Hristo Smirnenski (1898–1923). Maps * L.L. IvanovAntarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands.Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. References Smirnenski Point.SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica. Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer.Antarctic Place-names Commission The Antarctic Place-names Commission was established by the Bulgarian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Makresh
Makresh (, ) is a village in northwestern Bulgaria, part of Vidin Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Makresh Municipality, which lies in the western part of Vidin Province, close to the Bulgarian-Serbian border. Makresh is situated 35 kilometres from the provincial capital Vidin, in the westernmost Danubian Plain, with the western reaches of the Balkan Mountains to its west. Municipality Makresh municipality has an area of 229 square kilometres includes the following 7 places: Makresh municipality is mainly agricultural, growing wheat, barley, corn and rye. Sights in the area include the Rabisha Lake and the Rakovitsa Monastery dating to the 10th-11th century with the Holy Trinity Church. Honour Makresh Rocks off Robert Island, South Shetland Islands The South Shetland Islands are a group of List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands, Antarctic islands located in the Drake Passage with a total area of . They lie about north of the Antarc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgaria
Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the tenth largest within the European Union and the List of European countries by area, sixteenth-largest country in Europe by area. Sofia is the nation's capital and List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, largest city; other major cities include Burgas, Plovdiv, and Varna, Bulgaria, Varna. One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Karanovo culture (6,500 BC). In the 6th to 3rd century BC, the region was a battleground for ancient Thracians, Persians, Celts and Ancient Macedonians, Macedonians; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45. After the Roman state splintered, trib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
The Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica (CGA) of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) is the authoritative international gazetteer containing all Antarctic toponyms published in national gazetteers, plus basic information about those names and the relevant geographical features. The Gazetteer includes also parts of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) gazetteer for under-sea features situated south of 60° south latitude. , the overall content of the CGA amounts to 37,893 geographic names for 19,803 features including some 500 features with two or more entirely different names, contributed by the following sources: {, class="wikitable sortable" ! Country ! Names , - , United States , 13,192 , - , United Kingdom , 5,040 , - , Russia , 4,808 , - , New Zealand , 2,597 , - , Australia , 2,551 , - , Argentina , 2,545 , - , Chile , 1,866 , - , Norway , 1,706 , - , Bulgaria , 1,450 , - , G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Antarctic And Sub-Antarctic Islands
This is a list of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands. * Antarctic islands are, in the strict sense, the islands around mainland Antarctica, situated on the Antarctic Plate, and south of the Antarctic Convergence. According to the terms of the Antarctic Treaty, claims to sovereignty over lands south of 60° S are not asserted.Antarctic Treaty, Article VI Dec. 1, 1959 12 UST 794; 402 UNTS 71; 19 ILM 860 (1980) * Sub-Antarctic islands are the islands situated closer to another continental mainland or on another tectonic plate, but are [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scientific Committee On Antarctic Research
The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) is an interdisciplinary body of the International Science Council, International Science Council (ISC). SCAR coordinates international scientific research efforts in Antarctica, including the Southern Ocean. SCAR's scientific work is administered through several discipline-themed ''science groups''. The organisation has observer status at, and provides independent advice to Antarctic Treaty System, Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings, and also provides information to other international bodies such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). History At the International Council for Science, International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU)'s Antarctic meeting held in Stockholm from 9–11 September 1957, it was agreed that a committee should b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Territorial Claims In Antarctica
Seven sovereign states – Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom – have made eight land claim, territorial claims in Antarctica. These countries have tended to place their Antarctic scientific observation and study facilities within their respective claimed territories; however, a number of such facilities are located outside of the area claimed by their respective countries of operation, and countries without claims such as Spain, China, India, Italy, Japan, Pakistan, Russia, South Africa (SANAE), Poland, and the United States have constructed research facilities within the areas claimed by other countries. There are overlaps among the territories claimed by Argentina, Chile, and the United Kingdom. History Spanish claims According to Argentina and Chile, the Spanish Crown had claims on Antarctica. The ''capitulación'' (governorship) granted to the conquistador Pedro Sánchez de la Hoz in 1539 by the Monarchy of Spain, King of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
