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Macronaria
Macronaria is a clade of sauropod dinosaurs. Macronarians are named after the large diameter of the nasal opening of their skull, known as the external naris, which exceeded the size of the orbit, the skull opening where the eye is located (hence ''macro''- meaning large, and –''naria'' meaning nose). Fossil evidence suggests that macronarian dinosaurs lived from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) through the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian). Macronarians have been found globally, including discoveries in Argentina, the United States, Portugal, China, and Tanzania. Like other Sauropoda, sauropods, they are known to have inhabited primarily terrestrial areas, and little evidence exists to suggest that they spent much time in coastal environments. Macronarians are diagnosed through their distinct characters on their skulls, as well as appendicular and vertebral characters. Macronaria is composed of several subclades and families notably including Camarasauridae and Titanosauriformes, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europasaurus
''Europasaurus'' (meaning 'Europe lizard') is a basal macronarian sauropod, a form of quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur. It lived during the Late Jurassic (middle Kimmeridgian, from about 154 to 151 million years ago) of northern Germany, and has been identified as an example of insular dwarfism resulting from the isolation of a sauropod population on an island within the Lower Saxony basin. Discovery and naming In 1998, a single sauropod tooth was discovered by private fossil collector Holger Lüdtke in an active quarry at Langenberg Mountain, between the communities of Oker, Harlingerode and Göttingerode in Germany. The Langenberg chalk quarry had been active for more than a century; rocks are quarried using blasting and are mostly processed into fertilisers. The quarry exposes a nearly continuous, thick succession of carbonate rocks belonging to the Süntel Formation, that ranges in age from the early Oxfordian to late Kimmeridgian stages and have been deposited in a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuzhoulong
''Yuzhoulong'' (meaning "Chongqing dragon", after ''Yuzhou'', an early name for Chongqing) is a genus of macronarian sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation of Chongqing, China. The type and only species is ''Yuzhoulong qurenensis''. Discovery and naming After the discovery of a new quarry from the Shaximiao Formation in 2016, the holotype of ''Yuzhoulong'', CLGRP V00013, was discovered in Pu'an town in Yunyang County in Chongqing. It was named as a distinct genus and species by Dai ''et al''. in 2022. The generic name, "''Yuzhoulong''", honors "Yuzhou", the ancient name of Chongqing, while the specific name, "''qurenensis''", is derived from Quren, the ancient name of Yunyang. Description ''Yuzhoulong'' is only known from a partial skeleton, including a partial skull, of an immature subadult individual. It was partially buried in the rock at the time of its description, mixed in with the fossils of another, unnamed sauropod. Classification In 2022, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bashunosaurus
''Bashunosaurus'' is a genus of potentially macronarian sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation of Kaijiang, China. The type and only species is ''Bashunosaurus kaijiangensis''. Discovery The holotype of ''Bashunosaurus'', KM 20100, was discovered in sediments of the lower Shaximiao Formation in Maanping, Sichuan Province, China. It consists of six cervical vertebrae, eight dorsal vertebrae, a partial left scapula, and a right humerus, ulna, ilium, femur, tibia, and fibula. An additional right ilium, specimen KM 20103, was assigned as a paratype. History The name "Bashunosaurus kaijiangensis" first appeared in Ouyang's description of '' Abrosaurus'' in 1989, although without a description or diagnosis, making it a ''nomen nudum'' (i.e. a nickname that is unavailable for use as an actual scientific name). Li ''et al.'' (1999), however, attribute the naming to "Kuang, 1996", still considering it a ''nomen nudum''. Although it was finally formally nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oceanotitan
''Oceanotitan'' (meaning "ocean giant") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur known from the Upper Jurassic (latest Kimmeridgian stage, about 149 million years ago) Lourinha Formation of Portugal. It is represented by a single specimen consisting of several tail vertebrae and appendicular bones. It contains one species, ''Oceanotitan dantasi''. ''Oceanotitan'' is classified as possibly one of the earliest members of the Somphospondyli, a group of sauropods that includes the titanosaurs. Discovery and naming The holotype and only specimen of ''Oceanotitan'', SHN 181, is stored at the Sociedade de História Natural, in Torres Vedras, Portugal. It was discovered at the coastal cliffs of Praia de Valmitão in Lourinhã, by a private collector who donated his collection to the municipality of Torres Vedras. The rocks that it was found in correspond to the Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member of the Lourinha Formation, dating to the latest Kimmeridgian stage of the Late Jurassic, about 14 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camarasauridae
Camarasauridae is a family of sauropod dinosaurs. Among sauropods, camarasaurids are small to medium-sized, with relatively short necks. They are visually identifiable by a short skull with large nares, and broad, spatulate teeth filling a thick jaw.1. Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P., & Osmólska, H. (Eds.). (1990). ''The dinosauria''. Univ of California Press. Based on cervical vertebrae and cervical rib biomechanics, camarasaurids most likely moved their necks in a vertical, rather than horizontal, sweeping motion, in contrast to most diplodocids. Taxonomy Camarasauridae was named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1877. Its type genus is ''Camarasaurus'', and it is defined as the clade containing all species more closely related to '' Camarasaurus supremus'' than '' Saltasaurus loricatus''. Phylogenetic relationships Camarasauridae is typically regarded as belonging to Macronaria, one of the two major branches of Neosauropoda. Within Macronaria, it occupies a basal position, outs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haestasaurus
''Haestasaurus'' is a genus of herbivorous sauropod dinosaur, belonging to the Macronaria, that during the Early Cretaceous lived in the area of present-day England. The only species is ''Haestasaurus becklesii''.Upchurch P., Mannion P.D., Taylor M.P., 2015, "The Anatomy and Phylogenetic Relationships of “''Pelorosaurus''“ ''becklesii'' (Neosauropoda, Macronaria) from the Early Cretaceous of England", ''PLoS ONE'' 10(6): e0125819. Description As a sauropod, ''Haestasaurus'' would have been a large quadrupedal long-necked dinosaur. Little information is available about the specifics of its build because only a forelimb is known of the animal. An indication of the size of ''Haestasaurus'' is given by the length of the forelimb elements. The humerus is 599 millimetres long, the ulna 421 millimetres and the radius, situated next to the ulna in the lower arm, has a length of 404 millimetres. A 2015 study found several unique anatomical traits (autapomorphies) distinguishing '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argentinosaurus
''Argentinosaurus'' (meaning "lizard from Argentina") is a genus of giant sauropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous Period (geology), period in what is now Argentina. Although it is only known from fragmentary remains, ''Argentinosaurus'' is one of the Largest prehistoric animals#Non-avian dinosaurs (Dinosauria), largest known land animals of all time, perhaps the largest, measuring long and weighing . It was a member of Titanosauria, the dominant group of sauropods during the Cretaceous. Though there is no concrete evidence confirming their claims, there are paleontologists who regard it as possibly the largest dinosaur ever, and possibly the longest animal ever. The first ''Argentinosaurus'' bone was discovered in 1987 by a farmer on his farm near the city of Plaza Huincul. A scientific excavation of the site led by the Argentine palaeontologist José Bonaparte was conducted in 1989, yielding several back vertebrae and parts of a sacrum—fused vertebrae between ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camarasaurus Lentus
''Camarasaurus lentus'' is an extinct species of sauropod dinosaur that lived during the Jurassic period in what is now the western United States. It is one of the four valid species of the well-known genus ''Camarasaurus''. ''C. lentus'' fossils have been found in Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah. It is the species of ''Camarasaurus'' found in Dinosaur National Monument and the middle layers of the Morrison Formation. ''Camarasaurus lentus'' is among the best-known sauropod species, with many specimens known. A juvenile specimen of ''C. lentus'', CM 11338, is the most complete sauropod fossil ever discovered. Description Like other sauropods, ''Camarasaurus lentus'' was a large, long-necked quadruped. It closely resembled other species of ''Camarasaurus'' in its anatomy, and in particular was very similar to ''C. supremus''. It was of moderate size for the genus, being similar in size to ''C. grandis'', 20% smaller than ''C. supremus'', and slightly larger than ''C. lewisi''. Gregory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
"Brachiosaurus" Nougaredi
''Brachiosaurus'' () is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Late Jurassic, about . It was first described by American paleontologist Elmer S. Riggs in 1903 from fossils found in the Colorado River valley in western Colorado, United States. Riggs named the dinosaur ''Brachiosaurus altithorax''; the generic name is Greek for "arm lizard", in reference to its proportionately long arms, and the specific name means "deep chest". ''Brachiosaurus'' is estimated to have been between long; body mass estimates of the subadult holotype specimen range from . It had a disproportionately long neck, small skull, and large overall size, all of which are typical for sauropods. Atypically, ''Brachiosaurus'' had longer forelimbs than hindlimbs, which resulted in a steeply inclined trunk, and a proportionally shorter tail. ''Brachiosaurus'' is the namesake genus of the family Brachiosauridae, which includes a handful of other similar sauropods. Most popular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abrosaurus
''Abrosaurus'' (; 'delicate lizard' from the Greek ' meaning 'delicate' or 'dainty' and meaning 'lizard') is a genus of macronarian sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Period of what is now Asia, one of many dinosaurs found at the Dashanpu Quarry in the Sichuan Province of China. Like most sauropods, ''Abrosaurus'' was a quadrupedal herbivore but it was rather small for a sauropod, not much more than long. Its head was boxy and topped with a tall bony arch containing the nostrils. The generic name (meaning "delicate lizard") refers to the nature of the skull, with large openings separated by thin bony struts. The only named species is ''A. dongpoi'', is named after eleventh-century Chinese poet Su Shi, also known as Su Dongpo, who was born in Sichuan. Discovery and naming The naming of ''Abrosaurus'' has been a long and convoluted process. ''Abrosaurus'' was discovered in 1984 and was first described in the 1986 Ph.D. thesis of Chinese paleontologist Ouyang Hui, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brohisaurus
''Brohisaurus'' is a problematic genus of Nomen dubium, dubious dinosaurs known from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-aged) Sembar Formation of Pakistan. The type species is ''B. kirthari''. Discovery and naming The ''Brohisaurus'' holotype, MSM-86-K to 94-K, 96-K to 98-K, 101-K to 105-K, largely consisting of indeterminate fragments of some ribs, vertebrae, and limb bones, was discovered in the Sembar Formation of Pakistan. In 2003 Muhammad Sadiq Malkani named and described ''Brohisaurus kirthari'' as a new genus and species of titanosaurian sauropods. The genus name means "Brohi lizard" and refers to the Brohi people, Brohi people who live in the area where it was found. The species name refers to the Kirthar Mountains. Description and classification If ''Brohisaurus'' is a sauropod, as originally identified, it would have been a large-bodied, long-necked herbivore. Its femur was in diameter. The femur of the -long titanosauriform ''Phuwiangosaurus'', by contrast, is in diam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duriatitan
''Duriatitan'' is a genus of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur that lived in the Late Jurassic in what is now England. The holotype specimen of ''Duriatitan'', BMNH 44635, is a partial left upper arm bone which was found by R.I. Smith near Sandsfoot, Weymouth in the lower Kimmeridge Clay from Dorset. The type species, ''D. humerocristatus'', was described in 1874 by John Hulke as a species of ''Cetiosaurus'' and was noted as being similar to that of '' Gigantosaurus''. The specific name refers to the deltopectoral crest, ''crista'', on the upper arm bone, ''humerus''. The specimen was assigned to its own genus by Paul M. Barrett, Roger B.J. Benson and Paul Upchurch in 2010. The generic name is derived from the Latin name for Dorset, ''Duria'', and Greek Titan Titan most often refers to: * Titan (moon), the largest moon of Saturn * Titans, a race of deities in Greek mythology Titan or Titans may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Fictional entities Fictional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
