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Bashunosaurus
''Bashunosaurus'' is a genus of potentially macronarian sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation of Kaijiang, China. The type and only species is ''Bashunosaurus kaijiangensis''. Discovery The holotype of ''Bashunosaurus'', KM 20100, was discovered in sediments of the lower Shaximiao Formation in Maanping, Sichuan Province, China. It consists of six cervical vertebrae, eight dorsal vertebrae, a partial left scapula, and a right humerus, ulna, ilium, femur, tibia, and fibula. An additional right ilium, specimen KM 20103, was assigned as a paratype. History The name "Bashunosaurus kaijiangensis" first appeared in Ouyang's description of '' Abrosaurus'' in 1989, although without a description or diagnosis, making it a ''nomen nudum'' (i.e. a nickname that is unavailable for use as an actual scientific name). Li ''et al.'' (1999), however, attribute the naming to "Kuang, 1996", still considering it a ''nomen nudum''. Although it was finally formally nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macronarian
Macronaria is a clade of sauropod dinosaurs. Macronarians are named after the large diameter of the nasal opening of their skull, known as the external naris, which exceeded the size of the orbit, the skull opening where the eye is located (hence ''macro''- meaning large, and –''naria'' meaning nose). Fossil evidence suggests that macronarian dinosaurs lived from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) through the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian). Macronarians have been found globally, including discoveries in Argentina, the United States, Portugal, China, and Tanzania. Like other sauropods, they are known to have inhabited primarily terrestrial areas, and little evidence exists to suggest that they spent much time in coastal environments. Macronarians are diagnosed through their distinct characters on their skulls, as well as appendicular and vertebral characters. Macronaria is composed of several subclades and families notably including Camarasauridae and Titanosauriformes, among sever ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 163.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland,British Geological Survey. 2011Stratigraphic framework for the Middle Jurassic strata of Great Britain and the adjoining continental shelf: research report RR/11/06 British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham. the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Paleogeography During the Middle Jurassic Epoch, Pangaea began to separate into Laurasia and Gondwana, and the Atlantic Ocean formed. Eastern Laurasia was tectonically active as the Cimmerian plate continued to collide with Laurasia's southern coast, completely closing the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. A subd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daanosaurus
''Daanosaurus'' (meaning "Da'an lizard" after Da'an district in Zigong, Sichuan) was a genus of dinosaur. It was a sauropod which lived during the Late Jurassic ( Oxfordian - Tithonian stage, about 163 - 145 mya). It lived in what is now China (Sichuan Province), and was similar to ''Bellusaurus''.Brachiosauridae at Mikko's Phylogeny Archive When it was described, ''Daanosaurus'' was placed in the Bellusaurinae, a sub-family of that Dong Zhiming had raised in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bellusaurus
''Bellusaurus'' (meaning "Beautiful lizard", from Vulgar Latin ''bellus'' 'beautiful' ( masculine form) and Ancient Greek ''sauros'' 'lizard') was a small short-necked sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic which measured about long. Its fossils were found in Shishugou Formation rocks in the northeastern Junggar Basin in China. Discovery and naming The type and only known species is ''Bellusaurus sui'', formally described by Dong Zhiming in 1991. The remains of ''Bellusaurus'' were found in the Shishugou Formation in the northeastern Junggar Dzungaria (; from the Mongolian words , meaning 'left hand') is a geographical subregion in Northwest China that corresponds to the northern half of Xinjiang. It is thus also known as Beijiang, which means "Northern Xinjiang". Bounded by the A ... Basin in China. Seventeen individuals were found in a single quarry, suggesting that a herd had been killed in a flash flood. Some features suggest they may have all been juveniles. '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neosauropod
Neosauropoda is a clade within Dinosauria, coined in 1986 by Argentine paleontologist José Bonaparte and currently described as '' Saltasaurus loricatus'', '' Diplodocus longus'', and all animals directly descended from their most recent common ancestor. The group is composed of two subgroups: Diplodocoidea and Macronaria. Arising in the early Jurassic and persisting until the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event, Neosauropoda contains the majority of sauropod genera, including genera such as ''Apatosaurus'', ''Brachiosaurus'', and ''Diplodocus''. It also includes giants such as ''Argentinosaurus'', ''Patagotitan'' and '' Sauroposeidon'', and its members remain the largest land animals ever to have lived. When Bonaparte first coined the term Neosauropoda in 1986, he described the clade as comprising “end-Jurassic” sauropods. While Neosauropoda does appear to have originated at the end of the Jurassic period, it also includes members throughout the Cretaceous. Neosauropod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camarasaurus
''Camarasaurus'' ( ) was a genus of quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaurs and is the most common North American sauropod fossil. Its fossil remains have been found in the Morrison Formation, dating to the Late Jurassic epoch (Kimmeridgian to Tithonian stages), between 155 and 145 million years ago. ''Camarasaurus'' presented a distinctive cranial profile of a blunt snout and an arched skull that was remarkably square, typical of basal Macronarians. The name means "chambered lizard", referring to the hollow chambers, known as pleurocoels, in its cervical vertebrae (Greek (') meaning "vaulted chamber", or anything with an arched cover, and (') meaning "lizard". ''Camarasaurus'' contains four species that are commonly recognized as valid: '' Camarasaurus grandis'', ''Camarasaurus lentus'', ''Camarasaurus lewisi'', and '' Camarasaurus supremus''. ''C. supremus'', the type species, is the largest and geologically youngest of the four. ''Camarasaurus'' is the type genus of Camaras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the ''base'' (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram. The term may be more strictly applied only to nodes adjacent to the root, or more loosely applied to nodes regarded as being close to the root. Note that extant taxa that lie on branches connecting directly to the root are not more closely related to the root than any other extant taxa. While there must always be two or more equally "basal" clades sprouting from the root of every cladogram, those clades may differ widely in taxonomic rank, species diversity, or both. If ''C'' is a basal clade within ''D'' that has the lowest rank of all basal clades within ''D'', ''C'' may be described as ''the'' basal taxon of that rank within ''D''. The concept of a 'key innovation' implies some degree of correlation between evolutionary innovation and diversification. However, such a correlation does not make a given case predicable, so ancestral characters should not be imputed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Primitive (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, a primitive (or ancestral) character, trait, or feature of a lineage or taxon is one that is inherited from the common ancestor of a clade (or clade group) and has undergone little change since. Conversely, a trait that appears ''within'' the clade group (that is, is present in any subgroup within the clade but not all) is called advanced or derived. A clade is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants. A primitive trait is the original condition of that trait in the common ancestor; advanced indicates a notable change from the original condition. These terms in biology contain no judgement about the sophistication, superiority, value or adaptiveness of the named trait. "Primitive" in biology means only that the character appeared first in the common ancestor of a clade group and has been passed on largely intact to more recent members of the clade. "Advanced" means the character has evolved within a later subgrou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camarasaurid
Camarasauridae is a family of sauropod dinosaurs. Among sauropods, camarasaurids are small to medium-sized, with relatively short necks. They are visually identifiable by a short skull with large nares, and broad, spatulate teeth filling a thick jaw.1. Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P., & Osmólska, H. (Eds.). (1990). ''The dinosauria''. Univ of California Press. Based on cervical vertebrae and cervical rib biomechanics, camarasaurids most likely moved their necks in a vertical, rather than horizontal, sweeping motion, in contrast to most diplodocids. Taxonomy Camarasauridae was named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1877. Its type genus is ''Camarasaurus'', and it is defined as the clade containing all species more closely related to ''Camarasaurus supremus'' than ''Saltasaurus loricatus''. Phylogenetic relationships Camarasauridae is typically regarded as belonging to Macronaria, one of the two major branches of Neosauropoda. Within Macronaria, it occupies a basal position, outside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbivore
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthparts adapted to rasping or grinding. Horses and other herbivores have wide flat teeth that are adapted to grinding grass, tree bark, and other tough plant material. A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora that help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey. This flora is made up of cellulose-digesting protozoans or bacteria. Etymology Herbivore is the anglicized form of a modern Latin coinage, ''herbivora'', cited in Charles Lyell's 1830 '' Principles of Geology''.J.A. Simpson and E.S.C. Weiner, eds. (2000) ''The Oxford English Dictionary'', vol. 8, p. 155. Richard Owen employed the anglicized term in an 1854 work on fossil teeth and skeletons. ''Herbivora'' is derived from Latin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuzhoulong
''Yuzhoulong'' (meaning "Chongqing dragon", after ''Yuzhou'', an early name for Chongqing) is a genus of macronarian sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation of Chongqing, China. The type and only species is ''Yuzhoulong qurenensis''. Discovery and naming After the discovery of a new quarry from the Shaximiao Formation in 2016, the holotype of ''Yuzhoulong'', CLGRP V00013, was discovered in Pu'an town in Yunyang County in Chongqing. It was named as a distinct genus and species by Dai ''et al''. in 2022. The generic name, "''Yuzhoulong''", honors "Yuzhou", the ancient name of Chongqing, while the specific name, "''qurenensis''", is derived from Quren, the ancient name of Yunyang. Description ''Yuzhoulong'' is only known from a partial skeleton, including a partial skull, of an immature subadult individual. It was partially buried in the rock at the time of its description, mixed in with the fossils of another, unnamed sauropod. Classification In 202 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Datousaurus
''Datousaurus'' (meaning "chieftain lizard" or "big-head lizard"; originally named using the Malay ''datu'', after its Chinese nickname ''qiulong'' - literally "chieftain dragon" - but also a pun on its big head; ''da tou'' means "big head" in Chinese) was a dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic. It was a sauropod collected from the Lower Shaximiao Formation in Dashanpu, Zigong Sichuan province, China. It shared the local Middle Jurassic landscape with other sauropods such as ''Shunosaurus'', ''Omeisaurus'', ''Protognathosaurus'', the ornithopod ''Xiaosaurus'', the early stegosaur ''Huayangosaurus'' as well as the carnivorous ''Gasosaurus''. Discovery and species ''Datousaurus'' was named by Dong Zhiming and Tang in 1984. To date, only two partial skeletons have been discovered. Neither had an articulated skull, although one skull has been discovered that has been attributed to the genus."Datousaurus." In: Dodson, Peter & Britt, Brooks & Carpenter, Kenneth & Forster, Catherine A. & ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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