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Lydia Fairchild
Lydia Fairchild (born 1976) is an American woman who exhibits chimerism, having two distinct populations of DNA among the cells of her body. She was pregnant with her third child when she and the father of her children, Jamie Townsend, separated. When Fairchild applied for enforcement of child support in 2002, providing DNA evidence of Townsend's paternity was a routine requirement. While the results showed Townsend to certainly be their father, they seemed to rule out her being their mother. Fairchild stood accused of fraud by either claiming benefits for other people's children, or taking part in a surrogacy scam, and records of her prior births were put similarly in doubt. Prosecutors called for her two children to be taken away from her, believing them not to be hers. As time came for her to give birth to her third child, the judge ordered that an observer be present at the birth, ensure that blood samples were immediately taken from both the child and Fairchild, and be availa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chimera (genetics)
A genetic chimerism or chimera ( or ) is a single organism composed of cells of different genotype, genotypes. Animal chimeras can be produced by the fusion of two (or more) embryos. In plants and some animal chimeras, Mosaic (genetics), mosaicism involves distinct types of tissue that originated from the same zygote but differ due to mutation during ordinary cell division. Normally, genetic chimerism is not visible on casual inspection; however, it has been detected in the course of proving parentage. More practically, in agronomy, "chimera" indicates a plant or portion of a plant whose tissues are made up of two or more types of cells with different genetic makeup; it can derive from a bud mutation or, more rarely, at the grafting point, from the concrescence of cells of the two bionts; in this case it is commonly referred to as a "graft hybrid", although it is not a hybrid in the genetic sense of "hybrid". In contrast, an individual where each cell contains genetic materi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DNA Profiling
DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding. DNA profiling is a forensic technique in criminal investigations, comparing criminal suspects' profiles to DNA evidence so as to assess the likelihood of their involvement in the crime. It is also used in paternity testing, to establish immigration eligibility, and in genealogical and medical research. DNA profiling has also been used in the study of animal and plant populations in the fields of zoology, botany, and agriculture. Background Starting in the mid 1970s, scientific advances allowed the use of DNA as a material for the identification of an individual. The first patent covering the direct use of DNA variation for forensicsUS5593832A was filed by Jeffrey Glassberg in 1983, based upon work he had done while ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surrogacy
Surrogacy is an arrangement whereby a woman gets pregnant and gives birth on behalf of another person or couple who will become the child's legal parents after birth. People pursue surrogacy for a variety of reasons such as infertility, dangers or undesirable Complications of pregnancy, factors of pregnancy, or when pregnancy is a medical impossibility. Surrogacy is highly controversial and only legal in twelve countries. A surrogacy relationship or legal agreement contains the person who carries the pregnancy and gives birth and the person or persons who take custody of the child after birth. The person giving birth is called the birth mother or gestational carrier or surrogate mother or surrogate. Those taking custody are called the ''commissioning'' or ''intended'' parents. The biological mother may be the surrogate or the intended parent or neither. Surrogate mothers are usually introduced to intended parents through third-party agencies, or other matching channels. They ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karen Keegan
A genetic chimerism or chimera ( or ) is a single organism composed of cells of different genotypes. Animal chimeras can be produced by the fusion of two (or more) embryos. In plants and some animal chimeras, mosaicism involves distinct types of tissue that originated from the same zygote but differ due to mutation during ordinary cell division. Normally, genetic chimerism is not visible on casual inspection; however, it has been detected in the course of proving parentage. More practically, in agronomy, "chimera" indicates a plant or portion of a plant whose tissues are made up of two or more types of cells with different genetic makeup; it can derive from a bud mutation or, more rarely, at the grafting point, from the concrescence of cells of the two bionts; in this case it is commonly referred to as a "graft hybrid", although it is not a hybrid in the genetic sense of "hybrid". In contrast, an individual where each cell contains genetic material from two organisms of diff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chimera (genetics)
A genetic chimerism or chimera ( or ) is a single organism composed of cells of different genotype, genotypes. Animal chimeras can be produced by the fusion of two (or more) embryos. In plants and some animal chimeras, Mosaic (genetics), mosaicism involves distinct types of tissue that originated from the same zygote but differ due to mutation during ordinary cell division. Normally, genetic chimerism is not visible on casual inspection; however, it has been detected in the course of proving parentage. More practically, in agronomy, "chimera" indicates a plant or portion of a plant whose tissues are made up of two or more types of cells with different genetic makeup; it can derive from a bud mutation or, more rarely, at the grafting point, from the concrescence of cells of the two bionts; in this case it is commonly referred to as a "graft hybrid", although it is not a hybrid in the genetic sense of "hybrid". In contrast, an individual where each cell contains genetic materi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The New England Journal Of Medicine
''The New England Journal of Medicine'' (''NEJM'') is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society. Founded in 1812, the journal is among the most prestigious peer-reviewed medical journals. Its 2023 impact factor was 96.2, ranking it 2nd out of 168 journals in the category "Medicine, General & Internal". History In September 1811, Boston physician John Collins Warren, along with James Jackson, submitted a formal prospectus to establish the ''New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery and Collateral Branches of Science'' as a medical and philosophical journal. Subsequently, the first issue of the ''New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery and the Collateral Branches of Medical Science'' was published in January 1812. The journal was published quarterly. In 1823, another publication, the ''Boston Medical Intelligencer'', appeared under the editorship of Jerome V. C. Smith. The editors of the ''New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pap Test
The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear (AE), cervical smear (BE), cervical screening (BE), or smear test (BE)) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb) or, more rarely, anus (in both men and women). Abnormal findings are often followed up by more sensitive diagnostic procedures and, if warranted, interventions that aim to prevent progression to cervical cancer. The test was independently invented in the 1920s by the Greek physician Georgios Papanikolaou and named after him. A simplified version of the test was introduced by the Canadian obstetrician Anna Marion Hilliard in 1957. A Pap smear is performed by opening the vagina with a speculum and collecting cells at the outer opening of the cervix at the transformation zone (where the outer squamous cervical cells meet the inner glandular endocervical cells), using an Ayre spatula or a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taylor Muhl
Taylor Alexis Muhl (born November 5, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter, model, dancer, and awareness advocate. Muhl is the only surviving child of Eric and Sandra (Alex) Muhl, though she was conceived with a fraternal twin sister. Since birth, Muhl's body has been distinguished by the fact that the left and right sides of her torso are two conspicuously different colors, with the interface running right down the midline of her torso, both front and back. For many years Muhl, her family, and doctors believed the darker coloration on the left side of her torso was simply a very large birthmark. When Muhl was a young adult, it was finally discovered that she was a rare example of human chimerism. Early life Muhl's mother was unaware she was initially pregnant with fraternal twin sisters. At an early stage of the pregnancy, the two eggs fused, which left Muhl carrying her twin sister's genes in her own body. This caused Muhl to be born with a genetic condition called human ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foekje Dillema
Foekje Dillema (; 18 September 19265 December 2007) was a Dutch track and field athlete. She competed in Sprint (running), sprinting where she was a rival of Fanny Blankers-Koen. When she refused a Sex verification in sports, sex verification test at age 24, she was banned from competition by the World Athletics, International Association of Athletics Federations in 1950. After her death, it was determined that she was an intersex person. Early life Foekje Dillema was born on 18 September 1926 in Burum, Friesland in the Netherlands.Micha Peters & Jurryt van de Vooren,The Scandalous Suspension of Foekje Dillema, ''The Low Countries'', 19 July 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2023. She started running at the age of twelve. Career 1948 On 13 June 1948, Dillema debuted in Marsum, where the 21-year-old ran the 100 metres in 13 s. About a month later, she competed in the Dutch Athletics Championships, Dutch Championships in Eindhoven, where she ran 12.5 s in the 100 metre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mater Semper Certa Est
In Roman law, (from Latin: "the mother is always certain") is a legal principle which has the power of ("presumption of law and by law"), meaning that no counter-evidence can be made against this principle. It provides that the mother of the child is conclusively established, from the moment of birth, by the mother's role in the birth. Since egg donation, or embryo donation with surrogacy, started using the technique of ''in-vitro'' fertilization, the principle of has been shaken, since a child may have a ''genetic'' and a ''gestational'' ("birth"), let alone a "social", mother who are different individuals. Since then some countries have converted the old natural law to an equivalent codified law; in 1997 Germany introduced paragraph 1591 ("motherhood") of the BGB (civil code A civil code is a codification of private law relating to property law, property, family law, family, and law of obligations, obligations. A jurisdiction that has a civil code generally als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
21st-century American Women
File:1st century collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Jesus is crucified by Roman authorities in Judaea (17th century painting). Four different men ( Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian) claim the title of Emperor within the span of a year; The Great Fire of Rome (18th-century painting) sees the destruction of two-thirds of the city, precipitating the empire's first persecution against Christians, who are blamed for the disaster; The Roman Colosseum is built and holds its inaugural games; Roman forces besiege Jerusalem during the First Jewish–Roman War (19th-century painting); The Trưng sisters lead a rebellion against the Chinese Han dynasty (anachronistic depiction); Boudica, queen of the British Iceni leads a rebellion against Rome (19th-century statue); Knife-shaped coin of the Xin dynasty., 335px rect 30 30 737 1077 Crucifixion of Jesus rect 767 30 1815 1077 Year of the Four Emperors rect 1846 30 3223 1077 Great Fire of Rome rect 30 1108 1106 2155 Boudi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
