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Luciano Violante
Luciano Violante (born 25 September 1941) is an Italian judge and politician. Biography Violante was born in Dire Dawa. His father, a journalist and Communist, was forced to emigrate to Ethiopia by the fascist regime. His family was held by the British in an internment camp, where Violante was born and remained until 1943. Graduated in jurisprudence at University of Bari in 1963, he joined the magistrature in 1966 and became professor of public law at University of Turin in 1970. Later he held the position of full professor at University of Camerino. He indicted Edgardo Sogno in 1974 for having planned the so-called '' Golpe bianco'' ("White coup"), but had to release him in 1978, declaring it impossible to prosecute him. From 1977 to 1979 he worked in the legislative office of the Ministry of Justice, primarily concerned with the struggle against terrorism. He was named investigative magistrate in Turin in 1979. In 1983 he became a professor of legal institutions and penal p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antimafia Commission
The Antimafia Commission () is a bicameral commission of the Italian Parliament, composed of members from the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. The first commission, formed in 1963, was established as a body of inquiry tasked with investigating the "phenomenon of the icilianMafia". Subsequent commissions expanded their scope to investigate all "organized crime of the Mafia type", which included other major criminal organizations in Italy, such as the Camorra, the 'Ndrangheta, and the Sacra Corona Unita. The Antimafia Commission's goal is to study the phenomenon of organized crime in all its forms and to measure the adequacy of existing anti-crime measures, legislative and administrative, according to their results. The commission has judicial powers in that it may instruct the judicial police to carry out investigations. It can ask for copies of court proceedings, and is entitled to request any form of collaboration that it deems necessary. Those who provide t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Presidents Of The Chamber Of Deputies (Italy)
This is a list of the President of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy), presidents of the Chamber of Deputies of Italy from the Kingdom of Sardinia to present. The president is the presiding officer of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy), Chamber of Deputies and also serves as presiding officer of joint sessions of the Italian Parliament, when the Chamber of Deputies and the Italian Senate, Senate vote together. The president is the Speaker (politics), speaker of the lower house of the Italian Parliament, the Chamber of Deputies. It is the third highest-ranking office of the Italy, Republic of Italy, after the President of Italy, president of the republic and the President of the Italian Senate, president of the Senate. Since 14 October 2022, the role has been held by Lorenzo Fontana, who was elected on the fourth vote with an absolute majority of the voting members. Kingdom of Sardinia (1848–1860) ; Parties * * Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) ; Parties *1861–1912: ** ** *1912–1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magistrature
The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a ''magistratus'' was one of the highest ranking government officers, and possessed both judicial and executive powers. In other parts of the world, such as China, magistrate is a word applied to a person responsible for administration over a particular geographic area. Today, in some jurisdictions, a magistrate is a judicial officer who hears cases in a lower court, and typically deals with more minor or preliminary matters. In other jurisdictions (e.g., England and Wales), magistrates are typically trained volunteers appointed to deal with criminal and civil matters in their local areas. Original meaning In ancient Rome, the word ''magistratus'' referred to one of the highest offices of state. Analogous offices in the local authorities, such as ''municipium'', were subordinate only to the legislature of which they generally were m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sicilian Mafia
The Sicilian Mafia or Cosa Nostra (, ; "our thing"), also referred to as simply Mafia, is a secret society, criminal society and criminal organization originating on the island of Sicily and dates back to the mid-19th century. Emerging as a form of local protection and control over land and agriculture, the Mafia gradually evolved into a powerful criminal network. By the mid-20th century, it had infiltrated politics, construction, and finance, later expanding into drug trafficking, money laundering, and other crimes. At its core, the Mafia engages in protection racketeering, arbitrating disputes between criminals, and organizing and overseeing illegal agreements and transactions. The basic group is known as a "Crime family, family", "clan", or ''cosca''. Each family claims sovereignty over a territory, usually a town, village or neighborhood (''borgata'') of a larger city, in which it operates its Racketeering, rackets. Its members call themselves "Made man, men of honour", although ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aldo Moro
Aldo Moro (; 23 September 1916 – 9 May 1978) was an Italian statesman and prominent member of Christian Democracy (Italy), Christian Democracy (DC) and its centre-left wing. He served as prime minister of Italy in five terms from December 1963 to June 1968 and from November 1974 to July 1976. Moro served as Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs from May 1969 to July 1972 and again from July 1973 to November 1974. During his ministry, he implemented a pro-Arab policy. Moreover, he was appointed Italy's Minister of Justice (Italy), Minister of Justice and of Minister of Public Education (Italy), Public Education during the 1950s. From March 1959 until January 1964, he served as secretary of the DC. On 16 March 1978, he was kidnapping of Moro, kidnapped by the far-left terrorist group Red Brigades; he was killed after 55 days of captivity. Moro was one of Italy's longest-serving post-war prime ministers, leading the country for more than six years. Moro implemented a series of soci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1979 Italian General Election
The 1979 Italian general election was held in Italy on 3 June 1979.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p. 1048. This election was called just a week before the 1979 European Parliament election in Italy, European elections. Terrorist attacks by the Red Brigades led to a reversal of the results of the previous election 1976 Italian general election, three years before: for the first time the Italian Communist Party lost significant numbers of seats, delaying the government change that had seemed imminent in 1976. The Communist defeat gave new strength to minor parties, as tactical voting for Christian Democracy (Italy), Christian Democracy seemed less necessary to prevent a communist victory. The Christian Democrats remained stable nonetheless, while the neo-fascist Italian Social Movement was weakened by the success of its spin-off National Democracy (Italy), National Democracy. Electoral system The pure party-list proportional represen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turin
Turin ( , ; ; , then ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The city is mainly on the western bank of the Po (river), River Po, below its Susa Valley, and is surrounded by the western Alpine arch and Superga hill. The population of the city proper is 856,745 as of 2025, while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants. The Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2.2 million. The city was historically a major European political centre. From 1563, it was the capital of the Duchy of Savoy, then of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861), Kingdom of Sardinia ruled by the House of Savoy, and the first capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1865. Turin is sometimes called "the cradle of Italian liberty" for having been the politi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Investigative Magistrate
An examining magistrate is a judge in an inquisitorial system of law who carries out pre-trial investigations into allegations of crime and in some cases makes a recommendation for prosecution. Also known as an investigating magistrate, inquisitorial magistrate, or investigating judge, the exact role and standing of examining magistrates varies by jurisdiction. Common duties and powers of the examining magistrate include overseeing ongoing criminal investigations, issuing search warrants, authorizing wiretaps, making decisions on pretrial detention, interrogating the accused person, questioning witnesses, examining evidence, as well as compiling a dossier of evidence in preparation for trial. Investigating judges in France have an important role in the French judiciary. They are also a feature of the Spanish, Dutch, Belgian and Greek criminal justice systems, although the extent of the examining magistrate's role has generally diminished over time. Since the late 20th and early ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrorism
Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants. There are various different definitions of terrorism, with no universal agreement about it. Different definitions of terrorism emphasize its randomness, its aim to instill fear, and its broader impact beyond its immediate victims. Modern terrorism, evolving from earlier iterations, employs various tactics to pursue political goals, often leveraging fear as a strategic tool to influence decision makers. By targeting densely populated public areas such as transportation hubs, airports, shopping centers, tourist attractions, and nightlife venues, terrorists aim to instill widespread insecurity, prompting Public policy, policy changes through Manipulation (psychology), psychological manipulation and undermining confidence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Justice
A justice ministry, ministry of justice, or department of justice, is a ministry or other government agency in charge of the administration of justice. The ministry or department is often headed by a minister of justice (minister for justice in a very few countries) or a secretary of justice. In some countries, the head of the department may be called the attorney general, for example in the United States. Monaco is an example of a country that does not have a ministry of justice, but rather a Directorate of Judicial Services (head: Secretary of Justice) that oversees the administration of justice. Vatican City, a country under the sovereignty of the Holy See, also does not possess a ministry of justice. Instead, the Governorate of Vatican City State (head: President of the Governorate of Vatican City State), the legislative body of the Vatican, includes a legal office. Depending on the country, specific duties may relate to organizing the justice system, overseeing the public ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Coup
The White coup () was a planned coup in Italy intended for the summer of 1974, promoted by former anti-fascist and anti-communist partisans. It intended to force the then President of the Republic Giovanni Leone to appoint a government that would proscribe the Italian Communist Party, other communist groups and right-wing groups like the Movimento Sociale Italiano. It would then lead institutional reforms and establish a semi-presidential constitution like that of the Fifth Republic in France. The term "white coup" (alternatively "silent coup" ("golpe silenzioso") or "soft coup" ("golpe morbido") then entered the common language to indicate more generally a coup d'état carried out without recourse to force, by a government that exercises power unconstitutionally. Political ideas and plans The main architect of the coup plan was Edgardo Sogno, who stated: Sogno was convinced that Italy needed a presidential republic and therefore a constitutional reform similar to that which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edgardo Sogno
Count Edgardo Pietro Andrea Sogno Rata del Vallino di Ponzone (29 December 1915 – 5 August 2000) was an Italian diplomat, Italian partisans, partisan and Italian politics, political figure. He was born in an aristocratic family from Piedmont. Under Fascism Sogno was born in Piedmont. He joined the Italian Army at 18 and became sublieutenant in the Regiment "Nizza Cavalleria" (1st), "Nizza Cavalleria" regiment. After graduating in law, in 1938 he volunteered to fight in the Spanish Civil War on the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist side with Italian troops sent by Benito Mussolini. In 1940, he entered the Italian diplomatic service. During this time, he also started frequenting some antifascist circles, which included Benedetto Croce and Giaime Pintor. In 1942, he was called back into military service and deployed in Vichy France. A year later he was arrested on charges of high treason for having publicly hoped for the victory of the United States. A Ital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
