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Louis Georges Gouy
Louis Georges Gouy (February 19, 1854 – January 27, 1926) was a French physicist. He is the namesake of the Gouy balance, the Gouy–Chapman electric double layer model (which is a relatively successful albeit limited model that describes the electrical double-layer which finds applications in vast areas of studies from physical chemistry to biophysics) and the Gouy phase. Gouy was born at Vals-les-Bains, Ardèche in 1854. He became a correspondent of the Académie des sciences in 1901, and a member in 1913. Topics investigated His principal scientific work was related to the following subjects: * The propagation velocity of light waves in dispersive media * Propagation of spherical waves of small radius * Distant diffraction (angles of dispersion reaching 150°) * Electrostatics: Inductive capacity of dielectrics * Surface charge * Effect of the magnetic field on the discharge in rarefied gases * Electrocapillarity * Emission capacity of absorbent of the coloured flames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vals-les-Bains
Vals-les-Bains (; ) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France. Population See also *Communes of the Ardèche department The following is a list of the 335 communes of the Ardèche department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025):Communes of Ardèche Ardèche communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia {{Ardèche-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electrocapillarity
If an electric field is applied parallel to the surface of a liquid and this surface has a net charge then the surface and so the liquid will move in response to the field. This is electrocapillary flow, an example of electrocapillarity. Electrocapillary phenomena are phenomena related to changes in the surface free energy (or interfacial tension) of charged fluid interfaces, for example that of the dropping mercury electrode (DME), or in principle, any electrode, as the electrode potential changes or the electrolytic solution composition and concentration change. The term electrocapillary is used to describe the change in mercury (Hg) electrode potential as a function of the change in the surface or interfacial tension of the Hg determined by the capillary rise method. The phenomena are the historic main contributions for understanding and validating the models of the structure of the electrical double layer. The phenomena are related to the electrokinetic phenomena and co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Experimental Physicists
French may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France ** French people, a nation and ethnic group ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Arts and media * The French (band), a British rock band * "French" (episode), a live-action episode of ''The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!'' * ''Française'' (film), a 2008 film * French Stewart (born 1964), American actor Other uses * French (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * French (tunic), a type of military jacket or tunic * French's, an American brand of mustard condiment * French (catheter scale), a unit of measurement * French Defence, a chess opening * French kiss, a type of kiss See also * France (other) * Franch, a surname * French Revolution (other) * French River (other), several rivers and other places * Frenching (other) * Justice French (other) Justice French may refer to: * C. G. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People From Ardèche
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation. Concepts Legal Chapter One, Article One of the Charter of the United Nations states that "peoples" have the right to self-determination. Though the mere status as peoples and the right to self-determination, as for example in the case of Indigenous peoples (''peoples'', as in all groups of indigenous people, not merely all indigenous persons as in ''indigenous people''), does not automatically provide for independent sovereignty and therefore secession. Indeed, judge Ivor Jennings identified the inherent problems in the right of "peoples" to self-determination, as i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1926 Deaths
In Turkey, the year technically contained only 352 days. As Friday, December 18, 1926 ''(Julian Calendar)'' was followed by Saturday, January 1, 1927 '' (Gregorian Calendar)''. 13 days were dropped to make the switch. Turkey thus became the last country to officially adopt the Gregorian Calendar, which ended the 344-year calendrical switch around the world that took place in October, 1582 by virtue of the Papal Bull made by Pope Gregory XIII. Events January * January 3 – Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator in Greece. * January 8 **Ibn Saud is crowned ruler of the Kingdom of Hejaz. ** Crown Prince Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thuy ascends the throne as Bảo Đại, the last monarch of the Nguyễn dynasty of the Kingdom of Vietnam. * January 16 – A British Broadcasting Company radio play by Ronald Knox about workers' revolution in London causes a panic among those who have not heard the preliminary announcement that it is a satire on broadcasting. * January 21 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1854 Births
Events January–March * January 4 – The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the ''Samarang''. * January 6 – The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes is perhaps born. * January 9 – The Teutonia Männerchor in Pittsburgh is founded to promote German culture. * January 20 – The North Carolina General Assembly in the United States charters the Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad, to run from Goldsboro through New Bern, to the newly created seaport of Morehead City, near Beaufort. * January 21 – The iron clipper runs aground off the east coast of Ireland, on her maiden voyage out of Liverpool, bound for Australia, with the loss of at least 300 out of 650 on board. * February 11 – Major streets are lit by coal gas for the first time by the San Francisco Gas Company; 86 such lamps are turned on this evening in San Francisco, California. * February 13 – Mexican troops force William Walker and his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solvay Conference 1913
Solvay may refer to: Companies and organizations * Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management, Brussels, Belgium * Solvay Institute of Sociology, Brussels, Belgium, part of the Université Libre de Bruxelles * Solvay Process Company (1880–1985), a former U.S. company that employed the Solvay process * Solvay S.A., an international chemicals and plastics company founded by Ernest Solvay Places * Solvay, New York, a village in New York, United States * Mount Solvay, part of Belgica Mountains in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica * Solvay Mountains, Brabant Island, off the coast of Antarctica Buildings * Solvay Castle, La Hulpe, Belgium * Hôtel Solvay, a town house in Brussels, Belgium * Solvay Hut, a mountain hut on the Matterhorn, Switzerland People * Ernest Solvay (1838–1922), Belgian chemist, inventor of the Solvay process * Lucien Solvay (1851–1950), Belgian journalist, art historian, and poet * Paolo Solvay, pseudonym of Luigi Batzella (1924–2008), Italian film direc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaussian Beam
In optics, a Gaussian beam is an idealized beam of electromagnetic radiation whose amplitude envelope in the transverse plane is given by a Gaussian function; this also implies a Gaussian intensity (irradiance) profile. This fundamental (or TEM00) transverse Gaussian mode describes the intended output of many lasers, as such a beam diverges less and can be focused better than any other. When a Gaussian beam is refocused by an ideal lens, a new Gaussian beam is produced. The electric and magnetic field amplitude profiles along a circular Gaussian beam of a given wavelength and polarization are determined by two parameters: the waist , which is a measure of the width of the beam at its narrowest point, and the position relative to the waist.Svelto, pp. 153–5. Since the Gaussian function is infinite in extent, perfect Gaussian beams do not exist in nature, and the edges of any such beam would be cut off by any finite lens or mirror. However, the Gaussian is a useful appro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gouy Phase Shift
The Gouy phase shift is a phase shift gradually acquired by a Gaussian beam around its beam waist (focus). It is named after Louis Georges Gouy. Calculations At distance from the waist of a Gaussian beam, the Gouy phase is given by\psi(z) = \arctan \left( \frac \right). is the Rayleigh range: z_\mathrm = \frac, where is the radius of the beam at the waist, is the index of refraction of the medium in which the beam propagates, and is the wavelength of the beam in free space. Speed of light The Gouy phase results in an increase in the apparent wavelength near the waist (). Thus the phase velocity in that region formally exceeds the speed of light. That paradoxical behavior must be understood as a near-field phenomenon where the departure from the phase velocity of light (as would apply exactly to a plane wave) is small except in the case of a beam with large numerical aperture, in which case the wavefronts' curvature changes substantially over the interval of a sing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brownian Motion
Brownian motion is the random motion of particles suspended in a medium (a liquid or a gas). The traditional mathematical formulation of Brownian motion is that of the Wiener process, which is often called Brownian motion, even in mathematical sources. This motion pattern typically consists of Randomness, random fluctuations in a particle's position inside a fluid sub-domain, followed by a relocation to another sub-domain. Each relocation is followed by more fluctuations within the new closed volume. This pattern describes a fluid at thermal equilibrium, defined by a given temperature. Within such a fluid, there exists no preferential direction of flow (as in transport phenomena). More specifically, the fluid's overall Linear momentum, linear and Angular momentum, angular momenta remain null over time. The Kinetic energy, kinetic energies of the molecular Brownian motions, together with those of molecular rotations and vibrations, sum up to the caloric component of a fluid's in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surface Charge
A surface charge is an electric charge present on a two-dimensional surface. These electric charges are constrained on this 2-D surface, and surface charge density, measured in coulombs per square meter (C•m−2), is used to describe the charge distribution on the surface. The electric potential is Continuous function, continuous across a surface charge and the electric field is Classification of discontinuities, discontinuous, but not infinite; this is unless the surface charge consists of a dipole layer. In comparison, the potential and electric field both diverge at any point charge or linear charge. In physics, at equilibrium, an ideal Electrical conductor, conductor has no charge on its interior; instead, the entirety of the charge of the conductor resides on the surface. However, this only applies to the ideal case of infinite Electrical resistivity and conductivity, electrical conductivity; the majority of the charge of an actual conductor resides within the Skin effect, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ardèche
Ardèche (; , ; ) is a Departments of France, department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Southeastern France. It is named after the river Ardèche (river), Ardèche and had a population of 328,278 as of 2019.Populations légales 2019: 07 Ardèche INSEE Its Prefectures of France, prefecture is in Privas, but its largest city is Annonay. History Prehistory and ancient history Humans have inhabited the area at least since the Upper Paleolithic, as attested by the famous cave paintings at Chauvet Cave, Chauvet Pont d'Arc. The Ardèche river plateau has extensive standing stones (mainly dolmens and some menhirs), erected thousands of years ago. The river has one of Europe's largest canyons, and the caves that dot the cliffs—which go as high as 300 metres (1,00 ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
