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Lokern Virus
Lokern virus (LOKV) is a single-stranded, negative sense, tri-segmented RNA virus. It is a subtype of the Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) and closely related to the Main Drain virus (MDV). The virus is a natural reassortment that received its S and L segments from MDV while its M segment shows a relatively low percentage of nucleotide identity in relation to any other orthobunyavirus, suggesting it came from an unknown or extinct virus. Transmission The primary form of transmission for LOKV is through mosquitoes. Multiple species of mosquitoes have been discovered with the ability to transmit the virus including ''Culex tarsalis'', ''Aedes nigromaculis'', ''Aedes melanimon'', ''Culiseta inornata'', and ''Culicoides variipennis''. Other than mosquitoes, the virus has been found in horses, cows, and dogs in Mexico. Geography Lokern virus has been found throughout Mexico and the western United States. Additional isolates have been discovered in Texas and Colorado from mosquitoes and cu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coding Strand
When referring to DNA transcription, the coding strand (or informational strand) is the DNA strand whose base sequence is identical to the base sequence of the RNA transcript produced (although with thymine replaced by uracil). It is this strand which contains codons, while the non-coding strand contains anticodons. During transcription, RNA Pol II binds to the non-coding template strand, reads the anti-codons, and transcribes their sequence to synthesize an RNA transcript with complementary bases. By convention, the coding strand is the strand used when displaying a DNA sequence. It is presented in the 5' to 3' direction. Wherever a gene exists on a DNA molecule, one strand is the coding strand (or sense strand), and the other is the noncoding strand (also called the antisense strand, anticoding strand, template strand or transcribed strand). Strands in transcription bubble During transcription, RNA polymerase unwinds a short section of the DNA double helix near the start ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Negative-strand RNA Virus
Negative-strand RNA viruses (−ssRNA viruses) are a group of related viruses that have negative-sense, single-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid. They have genomes that act as complementary strands from which messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized by the viral enzyme RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). During replication of the viral genome, RdRp synthesizes a positive-sense antigenome that it uses as a template to create genomic negative-sense RNA. Negative-strand RNA viruses also share a number of other characteristics: most contain a viral envelope that surrounds the capsid, which encases the viral genome, −ssRNA virus genomes are usually linear, and it is common for their genome to be segmented. Negative-strand RNA viruses constitute the phylum ''Negarnaviricota'', in the kingdom '' Orthornavirae'' and realm ''Riboviria''. They are descended from a common ancestor that was a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus, and they are considered to be a sister clade of reoviru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bunyamwera Orthobunyavirus
''Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus'' (BUNV) is a negative-sense, single-stranded enveloped RNA virus. It is assigned to the ''Orthobunyavirus'' genus, in the ''Bunyavirales'' order. ''Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus'' can infect both humans and ''Aedes aegypti'' (yellow fever mosquito). It is named for Bunyamwera, a town in western Uganda, where it was isolated in 1943. Reassortment, Reassortant viruses derived from ''Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus'', such as ''Ngari virus'', have been associated with large outbreaks of Viral hemorrhagic fever, viral haemorrhagic fever in Kenya and Somalia. Molecular biology The genetic structure of ''Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus'' is typical for ''Bunyavirales ''Bunyavirales'' is an order of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses with mainly tripartite genomes. Member viruses infect arthropods, plants, protozoans, and vertebrates. It is the only order in the class ''Ellioviricetes''. The name ''Bunyavir ...'' viruses, which are an order of enveloped Neg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Main Drain Virus
Main may refer to: Geography *Main River (other) **Most commonly the Main (river) in Germany *Main, Iran, a village in Fars Province *"Spanish Main", the Caribbean coasts of mainland Spanish territories in the 16th and 17th centuries *''The Main'', the diverse core running through Montreal, Quebec, Canada, also separating the Two Solitudes *Main (lunar crater), located near the north pole of the Moon *Main (Martian crater) People and organisations *Main (surname), a list of people with this family name *Ma'in, alternate spelling for the Minaeans, an ancient people of modern-day Yemen *Main (band), a British ambient band formed in 1991 *Chas. T. Main, an American engineering and hydroelectric company founded in 1893 *MAIN (Mountain Area Information Network), former operator of WPVM-LP (MAIN-FM) in Asheville, North Carolina, U.S. Ships * ''Main'' (ship), an iron sailing ship launched in 1884 * SS ''Main'', list of steamships with this name * ''Main'' (A515), a modern Ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthobunyavirus
''Orthobunyavirus'' is a genus of the '' Peribunyaviridae'' family in the order '' Bunyavirales''. There are currently ~170 viruses recognised in this genus. These have been assembled into 103 species and 20 serogroups. The name ''Orthobunyavirus'' derives from Bunyamwera, Uganda, where the original type species '' Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus'' was first discovered, along with the prefix () meaning 'straight.' Epidemiology The genus is most diverse in Africa, Australia and Oceania, but occurs almost worldwide. Most orthobunyavirus species are transmitted by gnats and cause diseases of cattle. The '' California encephalitis virus'', the ''La Crosse virus'' and the '' Jamestown Canyon virus'' are North American species that cause encephalitis in humans. Virology *The virus is spherical, diameter 80 nm to 120 nm, and comprises three negative-sense single stranded RNA molecules encapsulated in a ribonucleocapsid. *The three RNAs are described as S, M and L (for Small ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Culicoides
''Culicoides'' is a genus of biting midges in the family Ceratopogonidae. There are over 1000 species in the genus,Connelly, C. RBiting midges: ''Culicoides'' spp.Featured Creatures, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida IFAS. August 2013 Edition. which is divided into many subgenera. Several species are known to be vectors of various diseases and parasites which can affect animals. Like '' Leptoconops'', the genus has a long fossil record, with earliest known fossils being from Burmese amber, around 99 million years old. Notable taxa The systematics and taxonomy of this genus are confused. A large number of species are of unknown relations to those that have been assigned to subgenera already. Furthermore, many subgenera are sometimes elevated to full genus status, or additional genera (such as '' Paradasyhelea'') are included as subgenera herein. A widely cited, periodically updated, subgeneric classification of species of ''Culicoides'' begins with the w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Culex
''Culex'' is a genus of mosquitoes, several species of which serve as vectors of one or more important diseases of birds, humans, and other animals. The diseases they vector include arbovirus infections such as West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis, or St. Louis encephalitis, but also filariasis and avian malaria. They occur worldwide except for the extreme northern parts of the temperate zone, and are the most common form of mosquito encountered in some major U.S. cities, such as Los Angeles. Etymology In naming this genus, Carl Linnaeus appropriated the nonspecific Latin term for a midge or gnat: '. Description Depending on the species, the adult ''Culex'' mosquito may measure from . The adult morphology is typical of flies in the suborder Nematocera with the head, thorax, and abdomen clearly defined and the two forewings held horizontally over the abdomen when at rest. As in all Diptera capable of flight, the second pair of wings is reduced and modified into tiny, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
