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List Of MeSH Codes (B04)
The following is a partial list of the "B" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). This list continues the information at List of MeSH codes (B03). Codes following these are found at List of MeSH codes (B05). For other MeSH codes, see List of MeSH codes. The source for this content is the set o2006 MeSH Treesfrom the NLM. – viruses – arboviruses – archaeal viruses – fuselloviridae – guttaviridae – lipothrixviridae – myoviridae – rudiviridae – siphoviridae – bacteriophages – bacillus phages – caudovirales * – myoviridae * – bacteriophage mu * – bacteriophage p1 * – bacteriophage p2 * – bacteriophage t4 * – podoviridae * – bacteriophage n4 * – bacteriophage p22 * – bacteriophage t3 * – bacteriophage t7 * – siphoviridae * – bacteriophage hk022 * – bacteriophage lambda – coliphages * – bacteriophage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medical Subject Headings
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a comprehensive controlled vocabulary for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. It serves as a thesaurus that facilitates searching. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/ PubMed article database and by NLM's catalog of book holdings. MeSH is also used by ClinicalTrials.gov registry to classify which diseases are studied by trials registered in ClinicalTrials. MeSH was introduced in the 1960s, with the NLM's own index catalogue and the subject headings of the Quarterly Cumulative Index Medicus (1940 edition) as precursors. The yearly printed version of MeSH was discontinued in 2007; MeSH is now available only online. It can be browsed and downloaded free of charge through PubMed. Originally in English, MeSH has been translated into numerous other languages and allows retrieval of documents from different origins. Structure MeSH vocabulary is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteriophage T4
Escherichia virus T4 is a species of bacteriophages that infect ''Escherichia coli'' bacteria. It is a double-stranded DNA virus in the subfamily '' Tevenvirinae'' from the family Myoviridae. T4 is capable of undergoing only a lytic lifecycle and not the lysogenic lifecycle. The species was formerly named T-even bacteriophage, a name which also encompasses, among other strains (or isolates), Enterobacteria phage T2, Enterobacteria phage T4 and Enterobacteria phage T6. Use in research Dating back to the 1940s and continuing today, T-even phages are considered the best studied model organisms. Model organisms are usually required to be simple with as few as five genes. Yet, T-even phages are in fact among the largest and highest complexity virus, in which these phage's genetic information is made up of around 300 genes. Coincident with their complexity, T-even viruses were found to have the unusual base hydroxymethylcytosine (HMC) in place of the nucleic acid base cytosine. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microviridae
''Microviridae'' is a family of bacteriophages with a single-stranded DNA genome. The name of this family is derived from the ancient Greek word (), meaning "small". This refers to the size of their genomes, which are among the smallest of the DNA viruses. Enterobacteria, intracellular parasitic bacteria, and spiroplasma serve as natural hosts. There are 22 species in this family, divided among seven genera and two subfamilies. Virology The virions are non-enveloped, round with an icosahedral symmetry (T = 1). They have a diameter between 25–27 nanometers and lack tails. Each virion has 60 copies each of the F, G, and J proteins and 12 copies of the H protein. They have 12 pentagonal trumpet-shaped pentamers (~7.1 nm wide × 3.8 nm high), each of which is composed of 5 copies of the G and one of the H protein. Viruses in this family replicate their genomes via a rolling circle mechanism and encode dedicated RCR initiation proteins.Keegstra W, Baas PD, Jansz HS (197 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plectrovirus
''Plectrovirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family '' Plectroviridae''. Bacteria in the phylum Mycoplasmatota serve as natural hosts, making these viruses bacteriophages. ''Acholeplasma virus L51'' is the only species in the genus. Virology The virons are non-enveloped and rod-shaped. The capsid has a helical symmetry and is generally has a length of 85–280 nm or 760–1950 nm and a width of 10–16 nm or 6–8 nm respectively. These morphological differences depend on the species. There are five or more proteins in the capid: gp8 (the major capsid protein); gp6, gp7 and gp8 (minor capsid proteins); and gp3, which acts as the initial host binding protein. The genomes are non-segmented, circular, positive-sense, single-stranded DNA 4.4–8.5 kilobases in length. They encode 4 to 11 proteins. Replication of the genome occurs via a dsDNA intermediate and the rolling circle mechanism. Gene transcription is by the host's cellular machinery each gene having ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inoviridae
Filamentous bacteriophage is a family of viruses (''Inoviridae'') that infect bacteria. The phages are named for their filamentous shape, a worm-like chain (long, thin and flexible, reminiscent of a length of cooked spaghetti), about 6 nm in diameter and about 1000-2000 nm long. The coat of the virion comprises five types of viral protein, which are located during phage assembly in the inner membrane of the host bacteria, and are added to the nascent virion as it extrudes through the membrane. The simplicity of this family makes it an attractive model system to study fundamental aspects of molecular biology, and it has also proven useful as a tool in immunology and nanotechnology. Characteristics Filamentous bacteriophages are among the simplest living organisms known, with far fewer genes than the classical tailed bacteriophages studied by the phage group. The family contains 29 defined species, divided between 23 genera. However, mining of genomic and metagenomi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteriophage Phi 6
Φ6 (Phi 6) is the best-studied bacteriophage of the virus family Cystoviridae. It infects ''Pseudomonas'' bacteria (typically plant-pathogenic '' P. syringae''). It has a three-part, segmented, double-stranded RNA genome, totalling ~13.5 kb in length. Φ6 and its relatives have a lipid membrane around their nucleocapsid, a rare trait among bacteriophages. It is a lytic phage, though under certain circumstances has been observed to display a delay in lysis which may be described as a "carrier state". Proteins The genome of Φ6 codes for 12 proteins. P1 is a major capsid protein which is responsible of forming the skeleton of the polymerase complex. In the interior of the shell formed by P1 is the P2 viral replicase and transcriptase protein. The spikes binding to receptors on the Φ6 virion are formed by the protein P3. P4 is a nucleoside-triphosphatase which is required for the genome packaging and transcription. P5 is a lytic enzyme. The spike protein P3 is anchored to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cystoviridae
''Cystovirus'' is a genus of double-stranded RNA viruses which infects bacteria. It is the only genus in the family ''Cystoviridae.'' The name of the group c''ysto'' derives from Greek ''kystis'' which means bladder or sack. There are seven species in this genus. Discovery ''Pseudomonas virus phi6'' was the first virus in this family to be discovered and was initially characterized in 1973 by Anne Vidaver at the University of Nebraska. She found that when she cultured the bacterial strain '' Pseudomonas phaseolicola'' HB1OY with halo blight infected bean straw, cytopathic effects were detected in cultured lawns, indicating that there was a lytic microbe or bacteriophage present. In 1999, phi7–14 were identified by the laboratory of Leonard Mindich at the Public Health Research Institute associated with New York University. They did this by culturing various leaves in Lysogeny Broth and then plating the broth on lawns of '' Pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola''. They ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corticoviridae
''Corticovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the family ''Corticoviridae''. Corticoviruses are bacteriophages; that is, their natural hosts are bacteria. The genus contains two species. The name is derived from Latin ''cortex'', ''corticis'' (meaning 'crust' or 'bark'). However, prophages closely related to PM2 are abundant in the genomes of aquatic bacteria, suggesting that the ecological importance of corticoviruses might be underestimated. Bacteriophage PM2 was first described in 1968 after isolation from seawater sampled from the coast of Chile. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species: * '' Pseudoalteromonas virus Cr39582'' * ''Pseudoalteromonas virus PM2'' Other unassigned phages: * '' Pseudoalteromonas virus GXT1010'' * '' Marinomonas virus YY'' * '' Vibrio virus fNo16'' Virology The virons consist of a round, icosahedral, non-enveloped capsid of a diameter of 60 nm and an internal lipid membrane located between outer and inner protein shell. The shells ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leviviridae
''Fiersviridae'' is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses which infect prokaryotes. Bacteria serve as the natural host. They are small viruses with linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genomes that encode four proteins. All phages of this family require bacterial pili to attach to and infect cells. The family has 185 genera, most discovered by metagenomics. In 2020, the family was renamed from ''Leviviridae'' to its current name. Structure Viruses in ''Fiersviridae'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and spherical geometries, and T=3 symmetry. Their virion diameter is around 26 nm. Genome Fiersviruses have a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. It is linear and non-segmented and around 4kb in length. The genome encodes four proteins, which are the coat, replicase, maturation, and lysis protein. Life cycle Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. Replication follows the positive-strand RNA virus replication model. Positive-s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteriophage M13
M13 is one of the Ff phages (fd and f1 are others), a member of the family filamentous bacteriophage ( inovirus). Ff phages are composed of circular single-stranded DNA ( ssDNA), which in the case of the m13 phage is 6407 nucleotides long and is encapsulated in approximately 2700 copies of the major coat protein p8, and capped with about 5 copies each of four different minor coat proteins (p3 and p6 at one end and p7 and p9 at the other end). The minor coat protein p3 attaches to the receptor at the tip of the F pilus of the host ''Escherichia coli''. The life cycle is relatively short, with the early phage progeny exiting the cell ten minutes after infection. Ff phages are chronic phage, releasing their progeny without killing the host cells. The infection causes turbid plaques in ''E. coli'' lawns, of intermediate opacity in comparison to regular lysis plaques. However, a decrease in the rate of cell growth is seen in the infected cells. M13 plasmids are used for many recombi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coliphages
A coliphage is a type of bacteriophage that infects coliform bacteria such as ''Escherichia coli''. Coliphage originate almost exclusively from human feces and from other warm-blooded Warm-blooded is an informal term referring to animal species which can maintain a body temperature higher than their environment. In particular, homeothermic species maintain a stable body temperature by regulating metabolic processes. The on ... animals. They undergo limited replication in sewage and contaminated waters under specific conditions, such as a high density of susceptible hosts at optimal temperatures. Examples include ''Enterobacteria phage λ'' and species from the family Fersviridae. Coliphage levels reflect the persistence of pathogenic viruses in the environment and have been proposed as an indicator of fecal contamination in water. References External links * A science projecttargeted towards students showing an example of the use of Coliphages Bacteriophages { ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
