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Leather In Judaism
Leather has played an important role in Judaism and in Jewish life. Many items widely used by observant Jews are made from leather, such as: *The Torah scrolls made from leather parchment it is a handwritten copy of the Torah or Pentateuch, the holiest book within Judaism. It must meet extremely strict standards of production; *Mezuzahs are pieces of parchment (often contained in a decorative case) inscribed with specified Hebrew verses from the Torah ( and ) some interpret Jewish law to require a mezuzah on every doorway in the home apart from bathrooms, and closets too small to qualify as rooms. *Tefillin (phylacteries) are a set of small black leather boxes containing scrolls of parchment inscribed with verses from the Torah, which are worn by observant Jews during weekday morning prayers. * Chalitza shoe is a ceremony by which a widow and her husband's brother could avoid the duty to marry after the husband's death. The ceremony involves the taking off of a brother-in-law's le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halizah Shoe
''Halitsah'' or ''chalitzah'' () in Rabbinical Judaism is the process by which a childless widow and a brother of her deceased husband may avoid the duty to marry under the Hebrew Bible, biblical system of yibbum (levirate marriage) The process involves the widow making a declaration, taking off a shoe of the brother (i.e., her brother-in-law), and spitting on the floor. Through this ceremony, the brother and any other brothers are released from the obligation of marrying the woman to conceive a child that would be considered the progeny of the deceased man. The ceremony of halitsa makes the widow free to marry whomever she desires, except for a Kohen "priest". (). It is sufficient for only one brother-in-law to perform the ceremony. Yibbum () is thus modified in the Deuteronomic code attributed to Moses by permitting the surviving brother to refuse to marry his brother's widow provided he submits to the ceremony of halitsa. In the Rabbinic period, Talmudic period, this tendency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Names Of God In Judaism
Judaism has different names given to God in Judaism, God, which are considered sacred: (), (''Adonai'' ), (''El (deity), El'' ), ( ), (''El Shaddai, Shaddai'' ), and ( ); some also include I Am that I Am.This is the formulation of Joseph Karo (SA YD 276:9). Maimonides (MT Yesodei haTorah 6:2), Jacob ben Asher (AT YD 276), and Isaac Alfasi (HK Menachot 3b) also included I Am that I Am, as do many later authorities, including Moses Isserles (SA YD 276:9). The original lists are found in y. Megillah 1:9 and b. Shavuot 35a, with some MSs agreeing with each authority. Maimonides and followers give the number of names as seven; however, manuscript inconsistency makes it difficult to judge which are included. Authorities including Asher ben Jehiel (''Responsa'' 3:15), the Tosafot, Tosafists (b. Sotah 10a), Yechiel of Paris (cited ''Birkei Yosef, Oraḥ Hayyim'' 85:8), Simeon ben Zemah Duran, Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin, and Moses Isserles (SA YD 276:13), include the term Shalom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judaism And Society
Judaism () is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, ethnic religion that comprises the collective spiritual, cultural, and legal traditions of the Jewish people. Religious Jews regard Judaism as their means of observing the Mosaic covenant, which they believe was established between God and the Jewish people. The religion is considered one of the earliest monotheistic religions. Jewish religious doctrine encompasses a wide body of texts, practices, theological positions, and forms of organization. Among Judaism's core texts is the Torah—the first five books of the Hebrew Bible—and a collection of ancient Hebrew scriptures. The Tanakh, known in English as the Hebrew Bible, has the same books as Protestant Christianity's Old Testament, with some differences in order and content. In addition to the original written scripture, the supplemental Oral Torah is represented by later texts, such as the Midrash and the Talmud. The Hebrew-language word ''torah'' can mean "teaching", "law", or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Ritual Objects
Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly interrelated, as Judaism is their ethnic religion, though it is not practiced by all ethnic Jews. Despite this, religious Jews regard converts to Judaism as members of the Jewish nation, pursuant to the long-standing conversion process. The Israelites emerged from the pre-existing Canaanite peoples to establish Israel and Judah in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age. John Day (2005), ''In Search of Pre-Exilic Israel'', Bloomsbury Publishing, pp. 47.5 8'In this sense, the emergence of ancient Israel is viewed not as the cause of the demise of Canaanite culture but as its upshot'. Originally, Jews referred to the inhabitants of the kingdom of JudahCf. Marcus Jastrow's ''Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Mid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Culture
Jewish culture is the culture of the Jewish people, from its formation in ancient times until the current age. Judaism itself is not simply a faith-based religion, but an orthopraxy and Ethnoreligious group, ethnoreligion, pertaining to deed, practice, and identity. Jewish culture covers many aspects, including religion and worldviews, literature, media, and cinema, Visual arts in Israel, art and architecture, cuisine and Jewish religious clothing, traditional dress, attitudes to gender, marriage, family, social customs and lifestyles, music and dance. Some elements of Jewish culture come from within Judaism, others from the interaction of Jews with host populations, and others still from the inner social and cultural dynamics of the community. Before the 18th century, religion dominated virtually all aspects of Jewish life, and infused culture. Since the advent of Jewish secularism, secularization, wholly Jewish secularism, secular Jewish culture emerged likewise. History T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klaf
Klaf or Qelaf () is the designation given a particular piece of skin. The Talmudic definition includes both the form of the skin and the way it is processed, in particular, that it must be tanned. Since the innovative ruling of ''Rabbeinu Tam'' (12th century Tosafist) it is primarily used to refer to parchment or vellum. It is one of the materials upon which a writes certain Jewish liturgical and ritual documents. Description and rules is a specially prepared, tanned, split skin of a kosher animalgoat, cattle, or deer. Rabbinic literature addresses three forms of tanned skin: , consisting of the full, unsplit hide; and and , which are the split halves of the full hide. The rabbinic scholars are divided upon which is the inner and which is the outer of the two halves. Maimonides is of the opinion that was the inner layer and that was the outer layer. The "Shulchan Aruch" rules in the reverse that was the outer layer and that was the inner layer. There are halachic rules ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gevil
''Gevil'' or ''gewil'' () or () is a type of parchment made from full-grain animal hide that has been prepared as a writing material in Jewish scribal documents, in particular a Sefer Torah (Torah scroll). Etymology Related to גויל, ''gewil'', a rolling (i.e. unhewn) stone, "to roll." (Jastrow) Definition and production ''Gevil'' is a form skin for '' safrut'' ( halakhic writing) that is made of tanned, whole hide. The precise requirements for processing ''gevil'' are laid down by the Talmud, Geonim and Rishonim. :Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Ami said in the name of Ulla: There are three ntannedhide tages before it is tanned into gevil ''matza'', ''ḥifa'', and ''diftera''. According to Jewish law, the preparation of ''gevil'' follows a procedure of salting, flouring and tanning with ''afatzim'' (lit. "tannin"), which latter is derived from gallnuts, or similar substances having tannic acid. Maimonides required rubbing down the raw hide with flour (presumably barley flour), alt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchsustus
Duchsustus (, from Greek ''dyschistos'') is the name of a type of parchment used for religious writings in Judaism. It is originally a Greek word and one of three Talmudic names for animal skin. The other two are and . The meanings of these terms, however, are the subject of controversy in Jewish law. According to the Talmud, a should, ideally, be written on , but may also be on ; must be written on ; and may be written on , , or . is the animal's dermis, is the epidermis, and is both layers tanned and unseparated. This instruction is dated to Moses at Mount Sinai. Maimonides' prescriptions There are halachic rules for the use of each of the three types of tanned skin.Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon ("Maimonides")"Tefillin, Mezuzah and Sefer Torah"- Chapter One, translated by Eliyahu Touger, on Chabad.org. Accessed 9 March 2024. According to Maimonides, Torah scrolls must be written on ''g'vil'' only on the side on which the hair had grown, and never on ''duchsustos'' (unders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mishnah
The Mishnah or the Mishna (; , from the verb ''šānā'', "to study and review", also "secondary") is the first written collection of the Jewish oral traditions that are known as the Oral Torah. Having been collected in the 3rd century CE, it is the first work of rabbinic literature, written primarily in Mishnaic Hebrew but also partly in Jewish Palestinian Aramaic. The oldest surviving physical fragments of it are from the 6th to 7th centuries. The Mishnah was literary redaction, redacted by Judah ha-Nasi probably in Beit She'arim (Roman-era Jewish village), Beit Shearim or Sepphoris between the ending of the second century CE and the beginning of the third century. Heinrich Graetz, dissenting, places the Mishnah's compilation in 189 CE (see: H. Graetz, ''History of the Jews'', vol. 6, Philadelphia 1898, p105), and which date follows that penned by Rabbi Abraham ben David in his "Sefer HaKabbalah le-Ravad", or what was then ''anno'' 500 of the Seleucid era. in a time when the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tefillin
Tefillin (Modern Hebrew language, Israeli Hebrew: / ; Ashkenazim, Ashkenazic pronunciation: ; Modern Israeli Hebrew, Modern Hebrew pronunciation: ), or phylacteries, are a set of small black leather boxes with leather straps containing scrolls of parchment inscribed with verses from the Torah. Tefillin are worn by male adult Jews during weekday and Sunday morning prayers. In Orthodox Judaism, Orthodox and traditional communities, they are worn solely by men, while some Reform Judaism, Reform and Conservative Judaism, Conservative (Masorti) communities allow them to be worn by Jewish adults regardless of gender. In Jewish law (halacha), women are exempt from most time-dependent positive commandments, which include tefillin, and unlike other time-dependent positive commandments, most halachic authorities prohibit them from fulfilling this commandment. Although "tefillin" is technically the plural form (the singular being "tefillah"), it is often used as a singular as well. The a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Israelites
Israelites were a Hebrew language, Hebrew-speaking ethnoreligious group, consisting of tribes that lived in Canaan during the Iron Age. Modern scholarship describes the Israelites as emerging from indigenous Canaanites, Canaanite populations and other peoples.Mark Smith in "The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities of Ancient Israel" states "Despite the long regnant model that the Canaanites and Israelites were people of fundamentally different culture, archaeological data now casts doubt on this view. The material culture of the region exhibits numerous common points between Israelites and Canaanites in the Iron I period (c. 1200–1000 BCE). The record would suggest that the Israelite culture largely overlapped with and derived from Canaanite culture ... In short, Israelite culture was largely Canaanite in nature. Given the information available, one cannot maintain a radical cultural separation between Canaanites and Israelites for the Iron I period." (pp. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanning (leather)
Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating Skinning, skins and Hide (skin), hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed. Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather. An alternative method, developed in the 1800s, is chrome tanning, where chromium salts are used instead of natural tannins. History Tanning hide into leather involves a process which permanently alters the protein structure of skin, making it more durable and less susceptible to decomposition and coloring. The place where hides are processed is known as a ''tannery''. The English word for tanning is from the medieval Latin verb , from the noun (oak bark). This term may be derived from a Celtic word related to the Proto-Indo-European *' meaning 'fir tree'. (The same root is the source for Old High German meaning 'fir', related to modern German ''Tannenb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
