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Lauth (Königsberg)
Lauth was first a suburb of and then a quarter of Königsberg, Germany, located east of the city center. Its territory is now part of the Guryevsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. The village of Lauth, which contained a large mill, was located east of Liep and Kalthof and north of the Neuer Pregel. Just east of Lauth was the pond Lauther Mühlenteich and the estate Lapsau. Lauth, whose name was of Old Prussian origin, was mentioned as ''Lauwete'' in 126 and as ''Lavtin'' in 1322. During the 18th century Lauth was part of Amt Quednau. The fort I Stein, named in 1894, was built near Lauther Mühlenteich as part of the new Königsberg fortifications The fortifications of the former East Prussian capital Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) consist of numerous defensive walls, forts, bastions and other structures. They make up the First and the Second Defensive Belt, built in 1626—1634 and 1843� ... constructed from 1872 to 1894.Gause, 630 Lauth was incorporated into the city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quarter (urban Subdivision)
A quarter is a section of an urban settlement. A quarter can be administratively defined and its borders officially designated, and it may have its own administrative structure (subordinate to that of the city, town or other urban area). Such a division is particularly common in countries like Italy (), France (), Romania (), Georgia (, ''k'vart'ali''), Bulgaria ( bg, квартал, kvartal, Serbia ( / ), Croatia (). It may be denoted as a borough (in English-speaking countries), Spain (''barrio''), Portugal/Brazil (); or some other term (e.g. Poland (), Germany (), and Cambodia ( '' sangkat''). Quarter can also refer to a non-administrative but distinct neighbourhood with its own character: for example, a slum quarter. It is often used for a district connected with a particular group of people: for instance, some cities are said to have Jewish quarters, diplomatic quarters or Bohemian quarters. The Old City of Jerusalem currently has four quarters: the Muslim Quarter, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Königsberg
Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was named in honour of King Ottokar II of Bohemia. A Baltic port city, it successively became the capital of the Królewiec Voivodeship, the State of the Teutonic Order, the Duchy of Prussia and the provinces of East Prussia and Prussia. Königsberg remained the coronation city of the Prussian monarchy, though the capital was moved to Berlin in 1701. Between the thirteenth and the twentieth centuries, the inhabitants spoke predominantly German, but the multicultural city also had a profound influence upon the Lithuanian and Polish cultures. The city was a publishing center of Lutheran literature, including the first Polish translation of the New Testament, printed in the city in 1551, the first book in Lithuanian and the first Lutheran ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG),, is a country in Central Europe. It is the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany lies between the Baltic and North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its 16 constituent states have a total population of over 84 million in an area of . It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and Czechia to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. Settlement in what is now Germany began in the Lower Paleolithic, with various tribes inhabiting it from the Neolithic onward, chiefly the Celts. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity. A region named Germania was documented before AD 100. In 962, the Kingdom of Germany formed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guryevsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast
Guryevsky District (russian: Гу́рьевский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia.Law #463 As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Guryevsky Urban Okrug.Law #229 It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Guryevsk.Resolution #639 Population: 47,330 ( 2002 Census); The population of Guryevsk accounts for 23.5% of the district's total population. Geography The district is situated around Kaliningrad, the administrative center of the oblast. For this reason the main railway lines and roads pass through the district. To the north the district reaches the Curonian Lagoon, to the southwest—the Vistula Lagoon. In the west, parted from the rest of the district by Kaliningrad, the town of Svetly is located on the Vistula Lagoon. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Guryevsky District i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. Russia extends across eleven time zones and shares land boundaries with fourteen countries, more than any other country but China. It is the world's ninth-most populous country and Europe's most populous country, with a population of 146 million people. The country's capital and largest city is Moscow, the largest city entirely within Europe. Saint Petersburg is Russia's cultural centre and second-largest city. Other major urban areas include Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, and Kazan. The East Slavs emerged as a recognisable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries CE. Kievan Rus' arose as a state in the 9th century, and in 988, it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liep
Liep was first a suburb of and then a quarter of Königsberg, Germany, located east of the city center. Its territory is now part of the Leningradsky District of Kaliningrad, Russia. Liep was a medieval fishing village which developed into an estate. Ca. 1327 the Teutonic Knights granted the vicinity to the town of Löbenicht. Documented in 1338 as ''Lipa'', in 1340 as ''Lypus'', and in 1446 as ''Lieppe'', its name was of Old Prussian origin (''lipa'') and referred to linden trees. Königsberger Zellstoffabrik A.G., a pulp mill, was built in Liep in 1895 and rapidly expanded in 1897, 1904, and 1906.Gause II, p. 83 Liep was incorporated into the city of Königsberg in 1927. Liep was neighbored by the Pregel to the south, Sackheim Sackheim was a quarter of eastern Königsberg, Germany. Its territory is now part of the Leningradsky District of Kaliningrad, Russia. History Although it was documented in 1326,Albinus, p. 267 Sackheim already existed as an Old Prussian fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rizhskoye
Rizhskoye (russian: Рижское) is part of the Leningradsky District in northern Kaliningrad, Russia. It was formerly known by its German language name Kalthof as first a suburb of and then a quarter of Königsberg, Germany. History Barracks of the Pionier-Bataillon Fürst Radziwill (Ostpreußisches) Nr. 1 Kalthof was founded by the Teutonic Knights as an outwork (''Vorwerk'') estate on the eastern approach to medieval Königsberg. Its farmland extended as far west as Rossgarten's marketplace, the Roßgärter Markt; the farmland was gradually developed by Rossgarten and Neue Sorge over centuries. A copper mill was located nearby in 1416. The estate was worked by farmers from nearby villages. In the late 17th century Kalthof, Lawsken, and Spittelhof were possessed by Johann von Hille, commandant of Fort Friedrichsburg. The 1,100 morgen Devau Revuefeld just east of Kalthof was the oldest large training ground of the Prussian Army, with exercises held annually since 17 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pregolya River
The Pregolya or Pregola (russian: Прего́ля; german: Pregel; lt, Prieglius; pl, Pregoła) is a river in the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast exclave. Name A possible ancient name by Ptolemy of the Pregolya River is Chronos (from Germanic *''hrauna'', "stony"), although other theories identify Chronos as a much larger river, the Nemunas. The oldest recorded names of the river are ''Prigora'' (1302), ''Pregor'' (1359), ''Pregoll, Pregel'' (1331), ''Pregill'' (1460). Georg Gerullis connected the name with Lithuanian ''prãgaras'', ''pragorė̃'' ("abyss") and the Lithuanian verb ''gérti'' ("drink"). Vytautas Mažiulis instead derived it from ''spragė́ti'' or ''sprógti'' ("burst") and the suffix -''ara'' ("river").http://journals.lki.lt/actalinguisticalithuanica/article/download/856/947/ Overview It starts as a confluence of the Instruch and the Angrapa and drains into the Baltic Sea through the Vistula Lagoon. Its length under the name of Pregolya is 123 km, 292 k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Prussian Language
Old Prussian was a Western Baltic language belonging to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European languages, which was once spoken by the Old Prussians, the Baltic peoples of the Prussian region. The language is called Old Prussian to avoid confusion with the German dialects of Low Prussian and High Prussian and with the adjective ''Prussian'' as it relates to the later German state. Old Prussian began to be written down in the Latin alphabet in about the 13th century, and a small amount of literature in the language survives. Classification and relation to other languages Old Prussian is an Indo-European language belonging to the Baltic branch. It is considered to be a Western Baltic language. Old Prussian was closely related to the other extinct Western Baltic languages, namely Sudovian, West Galindian and possibly Skalvian and Old Curonian. Other linguists consider Western Galindian and Skalvian to be Prussian dialects. It is related to the Eastern Baltic languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amt (country Subdivision)
Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only in Germany, but formerly also common in other countries of Northern Europe. Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to a US township or county or English shire district. Current usage Germany Prevalence The ''Amt'' (plural: ''Ämter'') is unique to the German '' Bundesländer'' (federal states) of Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Brandenburg. Other German states had this division in the past. Some states have similar administrative units called ''Samtgemeinde'' (Lower Saxony), ''Verbandsgemeinde'' ( Rhineland-Palatinate) or '' Verwaltungsgemeinschaft'' ( Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia). Definition An ''Amt'', as well as the other above-mentioned units, is subordinate to a ''Kreis'' (district) and is a collection of municipalities. The amt is lower than district-level government but higher than ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Severnaya Gora
Quednau Church Severnaya Gora (russian: Северная Гора; "North Mountain") is part of the Leningradsky District in northern Kaliningrad, Russia. It was formerly known by its German language name Quednau as first a suburb of and then a quarter of Königsberg, Germany. History Quednau was first documented in 1255 as a region populated by Old Prussians at the foot of a 54 m high hill, the Quednauer Berg. The hill was also known as the Pikollosberg, after the Old Prussian god Pikollos, and the Apolloberg, with the reference to Apollo being a malapropism of Pikollos.Weise, p. 182 Nalube, a native of Quednau, led a group of Sambians during the Siege of Königsberg and burned down the initial settlement. In 1258 Quednau was documented as ''Quedenow'' and in 1302 as ''Quidenowe'' and ''Quedemnowe''. A castle of the Bishop of Samland existed in Quednau from 1302 to 1427. Quednau eventually passed to the town of Löbenicht. The vicinity suffered from revolt after the creation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Königsberg Fortifications
The fortifications of the former East Prussian capital Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) consist of numerous defensive walls, forts, bastions and other structures. They make up the First and the Second Defensive Belt, built in 1626—1634 and 1843—1859, respectively. The 15 metre-thick First Belt was erected due to Königsberg's vulnerability during the Polish–Swedish wars. The Second Belt was largely constructed on the place of the first one, which was in a bad condition. The new belt included twelve bastions, three ravelins, seven spoil banks and two fortresses, surrounded by a water moat. Ten brick gates served as entrances and passages through defensive lines and were equipped with moveable bridges. The Königsberg fortifications became largely obsolete even before the completion of construction due to the rapid development of artillery. Following the military setbacks of Nazi Germany, however, they became strategically important again (particularly during the East Prussian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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