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La Seule France
''La Seule France'' (''France Alone'') is a book published in 1941 by the journalist and French politician Charles Maurras, director of ''Action Française, L'Action française''. Maurras supports an Isolationism, isolationist position between Nazi Germany and Great Britain during World War II, and was resolutely opposed to Wartime collaboration, collaborationism. Presentation Context On June 22, 1940, the Armistice of 22 June 1940, armistice was concluded between Nazi Germany and the last government of the French Third Republic. As early as June 26, 1940, Maurras recognized the competence of Philippe Pétain, Marshal Pétain and Maxime Weygand, General Weygand to request the Armistice of 22 June 1940, Armistice in a declaration made at Villefranche-de-Rouergue.For Maurras, the armistice offered "the substantial possibility of a reorganization from within" with a view to defeating Germany. In the spring of 1941, Maurras published La Seul France. Chronicle of the days of trial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Maurras
Charles-Marie-Photius Maurras (; ; 20 April 1868 – 16 November 1952) was a French author, politician, poet and critic. He was an organiser and principal philosopher of ''Action Française'', a political movement that was monarchist, corporatism, corporatist and counter-revolutionary. Maurras also held anti-capitalism, anti-capitalist, anti-communist, Liberalism#Criticism, anti-liberal, Anti-Masonry, anti-Masonic, anti-Nazism, Nazi, anti-Protestant and anti-Semitic, antisemitic views. His ideas greatly influenced National Catholicism and integral nationalism, and led to the political doctrine of ''Maurrassisme''. Raised Roman Catholic, Maurras went deaf and became an Agnosticism, agnostic in his youth, but remained anti-secularist and politically supportive of the Catholic Church. An Orléanist, he began his career by writing literary criticism and became politically active as a leading anti-Dreyfusard. In 1926 Pope Pius XI issued a controversial Papal condemnation of Action Fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-German Sentiment
Anti-German sentiment (also known as anti-Germanism, Germanophobia or Teutophobia) is fear or dislike of Germany, its Germans, people, and its Culture of Germany, culture. Its opposite is Germanophile, Germanophilia. Anti-German sentiment mainly emerged following the unification of Germany, and it reached its height during World War I and World War II. Prior to this the German speaking states were mostly independent entities in the Holy Roman Empire. Originally a response to the growing industrialisation of Germany as a threat to the other great powers, anti-German sentiment became mainstream in the Allied countries during both World Wars, especially the Second World War in which the Germans carried out major atrocities in regions occupied by them. Anti-German sentiment is historically specifically anti-Prussian, as the Prussian Junker (Prussia), Junkers were the main military class in the German Empire and in Nazi Germany. Anti-German and Anti-Austrian sentiment were generally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarchism In France
Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. Conversely, the opposition to monarchical rule is referred to as republicanism. Depending on the country, a royalist may advocate for the rule of the person who sits on the throne, a regent, a pretender, or someone who would otherwise occupy the throne but has been deposed. History Monarchical rule is among the oldest political institutions. The similar form of societal hierarchy known as chiefdom or tribal kingship is prehistoric. Chiefdoms provided the concept of state formation, which started with civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt and the Indus Valley civilization. In some parts of the world, chiefdoms became monarchies. Monarchs have generally ceded power in the modern era, having substantially diminished since World ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1941 Essays
The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, was the deadliest such year. Death toll estimates for both 1941 and 1942 range from 2.28 to 7.71 million each. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January–August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar Euthanasia Centre in Germany, in the first phase of mass killings under the Aktion T4 program here. * January 1 – Thailand's Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram decrees January 1 as the official start of the Thai solar calendar new year (thus the previous year that began April 1 had only 9 months). * January 3 – A decree (''Normalschrifterlass'') promulgated in Germany by Martin Bormann ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Books
Politics () is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of status or resources. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. Politics may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and non-violent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but the word often also carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or in a limited way, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Essays About Politics
An essay ( ) is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's own argument, but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of a letter, a paper, an article, a pamphlet, and a short story. Essays have been sub-classified as formal and informal: formal essays are characterized by "serious purpose, dignity, logical organization, length," whereas the informal essay is characterized by "the personal element (self-revelation, individual tastes and experiences, confidential manner), humor, graceful style, rambling structure, unconventionality or novelty of theme," etc. Essays are commonly used as literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. Almost all modern essays are written in prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays (e.g., Alexander Pope's ''An Essay on Criticism'' and ''An Essay on Man''). While brevity usually defines an essay, voluminous works like John Locke's ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bibliothèque Nationale De France
The (; BnF) is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites, ''Richelieu'' and ''François-Mitterrand''. It is the national repository of all that is published in France. Some of its extensive collections, including books and manuscripts but also precious objects and artworks, are on display at the BnF Museum (formerly known as the ) on the Richelieu site. The National Library of France is a public establishment under the supervision of the Ministry of Culture. Its mission is to constitute collections, especially the copies of works published in France that must, by law, be deposited there, conserve them, and make them available to the public. It produces a reference catalogue, cooperates with other national and international establishments, as well as participates in research programs. History The National Library of France traces its origin to the royal library founded at the Louvre Palace by Charles V in 1368. Charles had received a collection o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated population of over 449million as of 2024. The EU is often described as a ''sui generis'' political entity combining characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. Containing 5.5% of the world population in 2023, EU member states generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around €17.935 trillion in 2024, accounting for approximately one sixth of global economic output. Its cornerstone, the European Union Customs Union, Customs Union, paved the way to establishing European Single Market, an internal single market based on standardised European Union law, legal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michel Onfray
Michel Onfray (; born 1 January 1959) is a French writer and philosopher with a hedonistic, epicurean and atheist worldview. A highly prolific author on philosophy, he has written over 100 books. His philosophy is mainly influenced by such thinkers as Nietzsche, Epicurus, the Cynic and Cyrenaic schools, as well as French materialism. He has gained notoriety for writing such works as ''Traité d'athéologie: Physique de la métaphysique'' (translated into English as '' Atheist Manifesto: The Case Against Christianity, Judaism, and Islam''), ''Politique du rebelle: traité de résistance et d'insoumission'', ''Physiologie de Georges Palante, portrait d'un nietzchéen de gauche'', ''La puissance d'exister'' and ''La sculpture de soi'' for which he won the annual Prix Médicis in 1993. Onfray is often regarded as being left-wing; however, some observers have stated that he has right-wing tendencies. He has become appreciated by some far-right circles, notably with his sovereignis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Julliard
Jacques Julliard (4 March 1933 – 8 September 2023) was a French historian, columnist and essayist, and a union leader. He was the author of numerous books. Life Early years Jacques Julliard was born on 4 March 1933 in Brénod, Ain. His father and grandfather had both been mayors of the village where he was born. Julliard prepared (''khâgne'') for entrance to an École normale supérieure at the Lycée du Parc in Lyon, where he was influenced by two teachers close to Emmanuel Mounier. He was admitted to the École normale supérieure in 1954 to study German studies, German, but changed over to history. Julliard passed his ''agrégation'' (teaching qualification) and after military service in Algeria became a secondary school teacher. Union leader Julliard was vice president of National Union of Students of France (UNEF: Union Nationale des Étudiants de France) from 1955 to 1956. From 1962 to 1970, and again from 1972 to 1977 he was a member of the national office of the Gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
L'Action Française
''L'Action française'', organ of Integral nationalism, was a royalist French newspaper founded in Paris on 21 March 1908. It was banned during the Liberation of France in August 1944. The newspaper succeeded the '' Revue d'Action française'' of Henri Vaugeois and Maurice Pujo. Based on Rue de Rome in Paris, its director was Charles Maurras, the leader of the monarchist Action française movement. Its editorial line is classified as far-right due to its violent anti-parliamentarianism, anti-republicanism, and antisemitism. For a brief period, it also published a weekly edition titled ''L'Action française du dimanche''. Official organ of the Action française movement This newspaper was the official organ of the Action française movement. It was a nationalist, monarchist, anti-Dreyfusard, and antisemitic daily. ''L'Action française'' was a fierce opponent of the policies of the Third Republic, as well as of liberalism and democracy. Uniting collaborators from vario ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
