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LAZ-699
The LAZ-699 is a LAZ-697 lengthened by one section, an upper-class coach, based on the city and suburban bus, LAZ-695. It was serially built from 1964 to 2002, in the Ukrainian city Lviv. In that time, a lot of prototypes were developed in addition to special luxury modifications and special vehicles for transporting astronauts on the Baikonur Cosmodrome. The serial production of the first modifications was modest. Only in 1985, when the production of the LAZ-697 was cancelled, were the free production capacities used for starting mass production of the LAZ-699. History In December 1961, the LAZ factory presented three new bus prototypes. The first was a LAZ-698, a one-and-a-half-storey modification of the middle-class coach LAZ-697. It got the nickname “Carpathian”, which was given for LAZ models with high comfort. The second prototype was also a modification of the LAZ-697, lengthened by one window section (+ 1345 mm) and was named “Carpathian-2”. It was intended to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAZ-697
LAZ-697 “Tourist” was a Soviet 2 axle, middle-class coach, which was produced in the Western Ukrainian city Lviv from 1959 to 1985. The model was derived from the LAZ-695, during the developing process of it. Because of that, both bus models are technically identical. LAZ-697 was used for touristic purposes as well as for shorter intercity-trips and so was more comfortable as the LAZ-695. It was taken out of production in 1985, in favor of the upper-class coach LAZ-699. History During the early development stage of the urban bus model LAZ-695 seven different prototypes were created, four of which were the predecessors of the future 697-line. The LAZ-695#LAZ-695 (1956-1958), first prototype had a lot of weaknesses, like a narrow inner space design and small entry doors. The developers did not try to solve these technical problems in the second prototype, which came out in summer 1956. Instead, they claimed them as a suburban bus and increased the comfortability. The rear e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lviv Bus Factory
The Lviv Automobile Factory ( ua, Львівський автомобільний завод), mostly known under its obsolete name ''L’vivs’ky Avtobusnyi Zavod'' ( uk, Львівський автобусний завод, literally ''"Lviv Bus Factory"'') was a bus manufacturing company in Lviv, Ukraine. Their brand-name is LAZ (ЛАЗ), and the company and its products are often referred to with this acronym rather than the full name. It was one of the major bus manufacturers in the Soviet Union and the largest-ever industrial company in the city of Lviv. The factory is held by a private holding company. History The Lviv Bus Plant LAZ was built in 1945 to produce ZIS buses for the USSR. As an idea came about to create a whole new bus, the LAZ 695 bus was designed and approved by the Moscow Ministry of Transport. Production was launched in 1956 and continued until 2006. This is the most successful bus in the world and holds a world record for the longest in pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coach (bus)
A coach (or coach bus/motorcoach) is a type of bus built for longer-distance service, in contrast to transit buses that are typically used within a single metropolitan region. Often used for touring, intercity, and international bus service, coaches are also used for private charter for various purposes. Coaches are also related and fall under a specific category/type of RVs. Deriving the name from horse-drawn carriages and stagecoaches that carried passengers, luggage, and mail, modern motor coaches are almost always high-floor buses, with separate luggage hold mounted below the passenger compartment. In contrast to transit buses, motor coaches typically feature forward-facing seating, with no provision for standing. Other accommodations may include onboard restrooms, televisions, and overhead luggage space. History Background Horse-drawn chariots and carriages ("coaches") were used by the wealthy and powerful where the roads were of a high enough standard from p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAZ-695
The LAZ-695 is a Soviet/Ukrainian 2 axle urban/suburban bus, which was produced in the Western Ukrainian city Lviv from 1965 to 2002. After the production stop at the main factory in Lviv, the documentation was handed over to the DAZ automotive facility in the Ukrainian city Kamianske, where the production continued up to 2010. In over 50 years of manufacturing there were built over 250 000 units of various modifications, made the model one of the most widespread buses in the Soviet Union and the LAZ factory the biggest bus manufacturer in Europe in the 1980s. The bus belongs to the model series 69x, which includes also the LAZ-697 “Tourist” and the LAZ-699. History Considerations to build a new factory, specialized on production of spare parts for heavy duty trucks in the Ukrainian city Lviv, were made by the Soviet government directly after the second world war and the construction was finalized in 1949. In addition to truck cranes, like AK-32, LAZ-690 (both mounted o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apollo–Soyuz
Apollo–Soyuz was the first crewed international space mission, carried out jointly by the United States and the Soviet Union in July 1975. Millions of people around the world watched on television as a United States Apollo spacecraft docked with a Soviet Soyuz capsule. The project, and its handshake in space, was a symbol of détente between the two superpowers during the Cold War. The mission was officially known as the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP; russian: Экспериментальный полёт «Союз» – «Аполлон» (ЭПАС), translit=Eksperimentalniy polyot Soyuz–Apollon (EPAS), lit=Experimental flight Soyuz-Apollo, and commonly referred to in the Soviet Union as Soyuz–Apollo; the Soviets officially designated the mission as Soyuz 19). The unnumbered American vehicle was left over from the canceled Apollo missions, and was the last Apollo module to fly. The three American astronauts, Thomas P. Stafford, Vance D. Brand, and Deke Slayton, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by population within city limits, seventh-most populous city in Europe. Kyiv is an important industrial, scientific, educational, and cultural center in Eastern Europe. It is home to many High tech, high-tech industries, higher education institutions, and historical landmarks. The city has an extensive system of Transport in Kyiv, public transport and infrastructure, including the Kyiv Metro. The city's name is said to derive from the name of Kyi, one of its four legendary founders. During History of Kyiv, its history, Kyiv, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, passed through several stages of prominence and obscurity. The city probably existed as a commercial center as early as the 5th century. A Slavs, Slavic settlement on the great trade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LiAZ-677
The LiAZ-677 is a Soviet and Russian city high-floor bus produced by the Likinsky Bus Plant. The first prototype was released in 1963, and mass-produced from 1967 to 1994. Third-party car kits assembly lasted until 2002. The LiAZ-677 was the most popular model of the plant, and the first Soviet bus with a hydromechanical (automatic) gearbox. This model was used by urban or suburban bus service in almost all cities of the Soviet Union. References Sources * В. Кузнецов. Новый городской автобус «ЛиАЗ-677» // журнал « Наука и жизнь», № 5, 1967. стр.44—51 {{Likino Bus Plant production Vehicles introduced in 1967 Buses of the Soviet Union ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine United States Minor Outlying Islands, Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in Compact of Free Association, free association with three Oceania, Pacific Island Sovereign state, sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Palau, Republic of Palau. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders Canada–United States border, with Canada to its north and Mexico–United States border, with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the List of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sokol Space Suit
The Sokol space suit, also known as the Sokol IVA suit or simply the Sokol (russian: Cокол, , Falcon), is a type of Soviet/Russian space suit, worn by all who fly on the Soyuz spacecraft. It was introduced in 1973 and is still used . The Sokol is described by its makers as a ''rescue suit'' and it is not capable of being used outside the spacecraft in a spacewalk or extravehicular activity. Instead, its purpose is to keep the wearer alive in the event of an accidental depressurisation of the spacecraft. In this respect, it is similar to the ACES suit that was worn aboard NASA's Space Shuttle during launch and landing. Description The current version of the suit is the Sokol-KV2, manufactured by NPP Zvezda (НПП Звезда). It consists of an inner pressure layer of rubberised polycaprolactam and an outer layer of white nylon canvas. Boots are integrated with the suit but gloves are removable and attach by means of blue anodised aluminium wrist couplings. The polycarbonate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soyuz 11
Soyuz 11 (russian: link=no, Союз 11, lit=Union 11) was the only crewed mission to board the world's first space station, Salyut 1 ( Soyuz 10 had soft-docked, but had not been able to enter due to latching problems). The crew, Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov, and Viktor Patsayev, arrived at the space station on 7 June 1971, and departed on 29 June 1971. The mission ended in disaster when the crew capsule depressurised during preparations for re-entry, killing the three-man crew. The three crew members of Soyuz 11 are the only humans to have died in space. Crew Backup crew Original crew Crew notes The original prime crew for Soyuz 11 consisted of Alexei Leonov, Valeri Kubasov, and Pyotr Kolodin. A medical X-ray examination four days before launch suggested that Kubasov might have tuberculosis, and according to the mission rules, the prime crew was replaced with the backup crew. For Dobrovolski and Patsayev, this was to be their first space missio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soyuz-T
The Soyuz-T (russian: Союз-T, ''Union-T'') spacecraft was the third generation Soyuz spacecraft, in service for seven years from 1979 to 1986. The ''T'' stood for transport (, ). The revised spacecraft incorporated lessons learned from the Apollo Soyuz Test Project, Soyuz 7K-TM and Military Soyuz. The Soyuz-T was a major upgrade over previous Soyuz spacecraft, sporting solid-state electronics for the first time and a much more advanced onboard computer to help overcome the chronic docking problems that affected cosmonauts during space station missions. In addition, solar panels returned, allowing the Soyuz-T to fly up to 11 days independently as well as a redesigned propulsion system, the KTDU-426. Finally, it could at last carry three cosmonauts with pressure suits. Missions * Soyuz T-1 (uncrewed test, launched 1979) * Soyuz T-2 * Soyuz T-3 * Soyuz T-4 * Soyuz T-5 * Soyuz T-6 *Soyuz T-7 *Soyuz T-8 * Soyuz T-9 * Soyuz T-10-1 *Soyuz T-10 Soyuz T-10 was the fifth exp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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