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Kurdish Emirates
The Kurdish emirates, Kurdish chiefdoms or Kurdish principalities () were various semi-independent entities which existed during the 16th to 19th centuries during the state of continuous warfare between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Iran.KurdishGlobe- Kurdish Nationalism in Mam u Zin of Ahmad-î Khânî -- (Part XII) The Kurdish principalities were almost always divided and entered into rivalries against each other. The demarcation of borders between the Safavid Shah Safi and the Ottoman caliph Sultan |
Perpetual War
A perpetual war, endless war or forever war is a lasting state of war with no clear conditions that would lead to its conclusion. These wars are usually situations of ongoing tension that may escalate at any moment, similar to the Cold War. From the late 20th century, the concepts have been used to critique the United States Armed Forces interventions in foreign nations and the military–industrial complex such as the Vietnam War and the Soviet-Afghan War, or wars with ambiguous enemies such as the war on terror or war on drugs. Causes Poor military planning is one of the major reasons that a forever war can occur. If the territory gained in a war is not occupied or controlled properly, this can allow a deadly insurgency to occur, potentially stretching out a conflict that never ends. Similarly, warfare that is fought irregularly, such as rebellions in Africa, do not have a set of military objectives in mind, usually because these rebel groups intend to commit war crimes aga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genç, Bingöl
Genç (, , ) is a town in Bingöl Province in Turkey. It is the seat of Genç District. Its population is 20,763 (2021). The mayor is Mehmet Zeki Dirik ( AKP). The town is populated by Zaza Kurds. Neighborhoods The town is divided into the neighborhoods of Cumhuriyet, Kültür, Yenişehir, Yeşildere and Yoldaşan. Demographics On the eve of World War I, there were 4,344 Armenians in the sanjak A sanjak or sancak (, , "flag, banner") was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans also sometimes called the sanjak a liva (, ) from the name's calque in Arabic and Persian. Banners were a common organization of nomad ... of Genç. There was a small community of 240 Armenians in the city proper, with one church, St. Paul, and a school. In 2011, the population of Genç district was 35,208, of which 19,123 live in the city itself. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milan (tribe)
The Milan () is a Kurdish tribe that was historically at the head of a multi-confessional tribal confederacy, and is the subject of one of the legends of origin of Kurds, together with their rivals, the Zilan. The tribal confederacy was most active in the region of Viranşehir, between Urfa, Mardin and Diyarbakir, but the Milan tribe was present in many other places including Dêrsim. History The earliest account of the Milan was in the Maku. However, it was not until the Ottoman times, in the 16th century, that they became prominent. They were mentioned in tax registers, as present in Dêrsim as the Lesser and Greater Milli, and they were also the tax-farmers of the district of Mardin. From the early 17th century on, the Ottomans repeatedly attempted to sedentarize the Milan, even giving them the title İskan Başı, or Head of Sedentarization. In 1758 the Ottomans feared the Milli chief Keleş Evdo (Kalash 'Abdi) was trying to set up an autonomous state in the Khabur Vall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shekak
The Shekak or Shakkak () is a Kurds, Kurdish Kurdish tribes, tribe present in various regions, mainly in West Azerbaijan province, Iran. History The Shikaki tribe are first mentioned in a Yazidis, Yezidi Yazidism#Mishur, mişûr (manuscript) from 1207/1208 AD, as one of the tribes affiliated to Pir Sini Darani, who is a Yezidi saint represented in the Yazidism, Yezidi religion as the Lord of the Sea. In the Sharafnama, they are mentioned twice. First, in the chapter on the emirate of Bohtan, as being one of the four tribes living in Hakkâri Province, Hakkâri. Second, in the chapter on the Ayyubid dynasty, Ayyubid emirate of Hasankeyf. In a 16th-century Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Defter, they are mentioned in the regions of Birecik, Kâhta, Kahta, Joum, Suruç and Ravendan, and called 'Taife-I Ekrâd-I Shikakî'. In another Defter, they are mentioned in the region of Çemişgezek. Among the clans of the Shekak are the 'Awdoǐ or Evdoyî. According to their oral history they came fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daseni
Dasini ( ; ) or Daseni, Tasini, Dasiki, is a Kurdish Yazidi tribe and ethnonym of Yazidis. The tribe resided near Mosul, Duhok, Sheikhan, Sinjar and all the way to the west bank of Greater Zab river.M. Th. Houtsma, 1993E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936 Volume 8 - Page 1164, BrillAli, Majid Hassan (1 November 2019)"Genocidal Campaigns during the Ottoman Era: The Firmān of Mīr-i-Kura against the Yazidi Religious Minority in 1832–1834" Genocide Studies International. 13 (1): 77–91. doi:10.3138/gsi.13.1.05. ISSN 2291-1847. S2CID 208688229.Ghalib, Sabah Abdullah (13 October 2011)The Emergence of Kurdism with Special Reference to the Three Kurdish Emirates within the Ottoman Empire1800-1850 (PhD thesis). pp. 52–53. Archived frothe originalon 28 July 2021. There was also present of Daseni tribe in Homs Governorate, Syria. They were called Akrād Al-Daseniya "Daseni Kurds", who still spoke Kurdish for generations. Name The Yazidis call themselves Dāsin, Dasn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality Of Suleyman
Süleymani Principality, established in 1514 by Seyyid Ahmed Bey Ruzeki, was a Kurdish principality. that governed the regions of Silvan and Batman. It maintained a significant political presence within the Ottoman sphere, exerting influence over the socio-political landscape of the era. However, with the Tanzimat reforms of 1839, the Süleymani Principality lost its administrative autonomy, marking the end of its era as an independent entity. History Shah Ismail captured the entire Diyarbakir region in 1507 and appointed Khan Muhammad Ustajlu as its governor. The defeat at the Battle of Chaldiran led to uprisings against the Iranians in Eastern Anatolia. Seizing this opportunity, the Kurdish leader Seyyid Ahmed Bey Ruzeki captured Meyyafarikin. In 1514, due to the support of the Suleymanis for Ottomans in the Battle of Koçhisar, the Ottoman Empire recognized the principality. The Suleymani Principality was annexed to the Ottoman Empire in 1520 following the Battle of Koçhisar. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soran Emirate
Soran Emirate () was a medieval Kurdish emirate established before the conquest of Kurdistan by Ottoman Empire in 1514 and later revived by Emir Kor centered in Rawandiz from 1816 to 1836. Kor was ousted in an offensive by the Ottomans. Early years While no date has been established for the origin of the Soran Emirate, Kurdish historian Sharafkhan Bidlisi mentions the Emirate in Sharafnama in 1597 as established by a shepherd named ''Isa''. Bitlisi claims that villagers quickly followed the popular Isa and attacked the Rewan Castle where they established themselves. They took the name ''Soran'' meaning ''from red'' after the red stones near the castle. Qadir Muhammad Muhammad writes that the emirate was likely established sometime between the 1330s and 1430s. Years later, during the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514 between the Ottomans and the Safavids, the Emirate was able to conquer land between Erbil and Kirkuk. In 1534, Emir Ezaddin Sher was executed by Suleiman the Magnificen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emirate Of Pazooka
The Emirate of Pazuki, was a Kurdish emirate that ruled around Hınıs, Erciş, Malazgirt, Doğubayazıt, and Nakhchivan, with its capital in Eleskirt between 1499 and 1587. History It was established in 1499 in the Bitlis region by Huseyin Ali Bey, a Kurdish Pazooka tribe. The Pazooka Emirate was governed by Xalid Bey and was an ally to the Safavid Ismail I. As Xalid Bey lost a hand in the war, he was called “the only Xalid”. Due to his heroism in the wars, a hand made from gold was made by Ismail I. Xalid Bey, who had a sermon and coined money on his behalf in the Pazuki region (today Nakhichevan), had to present his loyalty to the Ottomans after a he separated his ways with his Safavid dynasty. Although he supported the Ottoman Sultan Selim I against Shah Ismail I in the Battle of Chaldiran and fought against him, his killing upon order of the sultan after the war, turned the loyalty of the principality back to the Safavids. After Xalid Beys death, his was succeeded by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emirate Of Palu
The Emirate of Palu (; 1495–1850) was a Kurdish emirate which existed in around Palu from 1495 to 1839 or 1850. During the collapse of Aq Qoyunlu, Husein Beg, one of the Kurdish lords from the Principality of Eğil, conquered the fortress of Palu in 1495. He established his own principality, which would later be known as the Palu Emirate. Although Husein Beg surrounded Ergani Castle, one of the most important castles in the area, he died before he could capture the castle. Administration of Palu was passed to his brother, and Palu remained in the hands of Jamshid Beg, son of Rustam Beg. However, the rule of the Mirdâsi did not last long. They were defeated at Dersim and overthrown by the son of Husein Beg and the contender to the throne, Mustafa Beg. Mustafa Beg then imprisoned his two brothers, Ahmed Beg and Ibrahim Beg. In 1507, Palu aligned itself with Safavid Iran. As a result of the war between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid Empire, culminating in defeat for the Safavids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mukriyan
Mukriyan () or 'Deryaz' was a Kurdish principality from the late 14th century to the 19th century centered around Mahabad. Mukriyan was a neighbor to the Emirate of Bradost. Geography and tribes Mukriyan encompassed the area south of Lake Urmia, including the cities of Mahabad, Bukan, Sardasht and Oshnaviyeh with the city of Naqadeh historically being included in Mukriyan, though today Kurds only make up approximately 35% of the city. The city of Saqqez is culturally very similar to Mukriyan, though politically it acted more as its own city-state under the Principality of Ardalan, though as an autonomous vassal and not a part of Ardalani central control. A few tribes include Dehbruki, Gewirk, Mangur, Mukri, Bilbas, Amireh, Khelki, Sheikh Sherefi, Selekei, Ḥasan Khāli, Kārish, Silki, Sekir, Fekiyesi, Ables, Bārik, Soleimāni, Beyi, Omerbil, Merzink, Lētāu Māwet, and Shiwezāi. History Before Mukris, the region was ruled by Hadhabanis; the region is also in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality Of Mahmudi
Mahmudi Principality or Mahmudis was a Kurdish principality founded in 1406 by the Mahmudi tribe. This principality ruled effectively in strategic areas such as Hakkari and Donboli. However, it collapsed in 1829 after a siege by Han Mahmud, Prıncıpalıty of Miks, and other Kurdish beys. History In 1406, the Turkish ruler Kara Yusuf gave some districts in Van to the Mahmudi tribe and established a beylik called 'Mahmudi Beylik' or Mahmudi government. This beylik was tabbi to Karakoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu respectively. During the Aq Qoyunlu administration, it was ruled by Hüseyin bey. Supported by Aq Qoyunlu Turkmen, the Mahmudis took Albari (Başkale) and Shambo districts from the Emirate of Hakkari and with the help of Hakkari Bey Izzettin Şir Bitlis pushed the mahmudis away Man. During the reign of Mahmudi the Safavid was subordinated to Ismail I, and Ismail I Safavid, son of Ardebil Sheikh, defeated him in the battle he conquered with the Aq Qoyunlu Sultan of 1503, occu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
