Mahmudi Principality or Mahmudis was a Kurdish principality founded in 1406 by the Mahmudi tribe. This principality ruled effectively in strategic areas such as

Hakkari Hakkari or Hakkâri may refer to: *Hakkari (historical region), a historical region in modern-day Turkey and Iraq *Hakkâri (city), a city and the capital of Hakkâri Province, Turkey *Hakkâri Province Hakkâri Province (, ; ), is a province i ...

and

Donboli The Donboli (Kurdish: دونبللی ,دنبلى, ''Donbolī'') are a Turkic-speaking, Kurdish tribe who live around Khoy and Salmas in northwestern Iran. They are currently adherents of Shia Islam, but before that they were reportedly Yazidis f ...

. However, it collapsed in 1829 after a siege by Han Mahmud, Prıncıpalıty of Miks, and other Kurdish beys.

History

In 1406, the Turkish ruler Kara Yusuf gave some districts in

Van A van is a type of road vehicle used for transporting goods or people. There is some variation in the scope of the word across the different English-speaking countries. The smallest vans, microvans, are used for transporting either goods or ...

to the Mahmudi

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

and established a beylik called 'Mahmudi Beylik' or Mahmudi government. This beylik was tabbi to

Karakoyunlu Karakoyunlu is a town in Iğdır Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Karakoyunlu District.Aq Qoyunlu The Aq Qoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (, ; ) was a culturally Persianate society, Persianate,Kaushik Roy, ''Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750'', (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38; "Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two trib ...

respectively. During the Aq Qoyunlu administration, it was ruled by Hüseyin bey. Supported by Aq Qoyunlu Turkmen, the Mahmudis took Albari (

Başkale Başkale (, ) is a municipality and district of Van Province, Turkey. Its area is 2,727 km2, and its population is 44,168 (2022). The municipality Başkale was established in 1937. In the local elections of March 2019 Erkan Acar from the ...

) and Shambo districts from the

Emirate of Hakkari An emirate is a territory ruled by an emir, a title used by monarchs or high officeholders in the Muslim world. From a historical point of view, an emirate is a political-religious unit smaller than a caliphate. It can be considered equivalent ...

and with the help of Hakkari Bey Izzettin Şir Bitlis pushed the mahmudis away Man. During the reign of Mahmudi the

Safavid The Guarded Domains of Iran, commonly called Safavid Iran, Safavid Persia or the Safavid Empire, was one of the largest and longest-lasting Iranian empires. It was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often considered the begi ...

was subordinated to

Ismail I Ismail I (; 17 July 1487 – 23 May 1524) was the founder and first shah of Safavid Iran, ruling from 1501 until his death in 1524. His reign is one of the most vital in the history of Iran, and the Safavid period is often considered the beginn ...

, and

Safavid, son of

Ardebil Ardabil (, ) is a city in northwestern Iran. It is in the Central District of Ardabil County, Ardabil province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. The city of Ardabil lies close to the borders of the Re ...

Sheikh, defeated him in the battle he conquered with the

Aq Qoyunlu The Aq Qoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (, ; ) was a culturally Persianate society, Persianate,Kaushik Roy, ''Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750'', (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38; "Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two trib ...

Sultan of 1503, occupying his lands and arresting the Kurdish rulers. When the Ottomans were victorious in the war of Caldiran, some Kurdish rulers in the region joined the Ottoman Empire. Mahmudi Beys maintained their allegiance to

Shah Ismail Ismail I (; 17 July 1487 – 23 May 1524) was the founder and first shah of Safavid Iran, ruling from 1501 until his death in 1524. His reign is one of the most vital in the history of Iran, and the Safavid period is often considered the beginn ...

and later to Shah Tahmasp. During the first Iranian expedition in 1533, ıvaz Bey became a Safavid eTabi after the rule of the Ottoman ruler

Suleiman the Magnificent Suleiman I (; , ; 6 November 14946 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in the Western world and as Suleiman the Lawgiver () in his own realm, was the List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman sultan between 1520 a ...

. In 1537, after the death of Ivaz Bey's son Hamza Bey,

Tahmasp I Tahmasp I ( or ; 22 February 1514 – 14 May 1576) was the second shah of Safavid Iran from 1524 until his death in 1576. He was the eldest son of Shah Ismail I and his principal consort, Tajlu Khanum. Tahmasp ascended the throne after the ...

appointed Hasan Bey as the head of the Mahmudis. When the Ottomans organized an expedition to the region in 1548, this beylik certainly joined the Ottomans when the reigning Mahmudi ruler, Hasan Bey converted from

Yazidism Yazidism, also known as Sharfadin, is a Monotheism, monotheistic ethnic religion which has roots in Ancient Iranian religion, pre-Zoroastrian Iranian religion, directly derived from the Indo-Iranians, Indo-Iranian tradition. Its followers, ca ...

Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

and the beylik became subordinated to the

Ottomans Ottoman may refer to: * Osman I, historically known in English as "Ottoman I", founder of the Ottoman Empire * Osman II, historically known in English as "Ottoman II" * Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empir ...

. Hosap Castle, which was occupied by Safavids in 1604, was built by Süleyman Bey in 1643. The castle gate has its own inscriptions.Verity Campbell - Turkey - 2007 - 724 pages, page 643, Turkish traveler

Evliya Çelebi Dervish Mehmed Zillî (25 March 1611 – 1682), known as Evliya Çelebi (), was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman explorer who travelled through his home country during its cultural zenith as well as neighboring lands. He travelled for over 40 years, rec ...

describes Hosap Castle and the Mahmudi government in the mid-17th century. Regarding Mahmudi government, he says: "They are all soldiers with six thousand swords. This is the land of the nobility and there is only one Choogoog Mountain. In a country called Ibrahim Bey. These Mahmudis have entered the fire of tribute and there are tribes of timar and zema. 120 tribes." After

's account, in 1829, the Mahmudi principality came to an end when Miks' Emir Khan Mahmud and other Kurdish lords seized

Hoşap Castle Hoşap Castle (, , ) is a large 17th-century castle located in the village of Hoşab, Gürpınar District, Van, Turkey. It is at a distance of approximately 50 km to the city center of Van. History The castle was built upon the founda ...

through a bloody siege.

Bibliography

References

{{Reflist Kurdish people Kurdish dynasties Yazidi history