Kosolapovo
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Kosolapovo
Kosolapovo (Russian: ''Косолапово'') is a village in Mari-Tureksky District, Mari El Republic, Russia. The village is the center of the Kosolapovsky rural settlement, which oversees 21 other smaller villages. Climate and geography Climate The climate is characterized as moderately continental, with moderately cold snowy winters and relatively warm summers. The average annual air temperature is 2.2 °C. The average air temperature of the warmest month (July) is 18.5 °C (absolute maximum is 38 °C); the coldest (January) is -14 °C (absolute minimum is -48 °C). The duration of periods with stable frosts is on average 127 days. The average annual amount of precipitation is 496 mm, of which about 70% falls in the warm period. Geography The village is located in the eastern part of the republic, in a zone of coniferous-deciduous forests, within the Mari-Turek plateau. In recent history, Kosalapovo's population has fluctuated, from 1,616 in 2000 (in 565 families) ...
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Vyacheslav Kislitsyn
Vyacheslav Alexandrovich Kislitsyn () (born 1948) is a Russian politician who served as President of Mari El in 1997–2001. During his presidency, he was responsible for much of the economic development in Mari El. At the same time, he was criticised for his autocratic ideology, accused of supporting Chechen rebels, and his supposed 'cult of personality'. In the 2001 elections, he suffered a tight defeat against his opponent Leonid Markelov, where Kislitsyn received 25% of the vote. Since then, his political whereabouts are left unknown. Biography Kislitsyn is of Russian descent. Kislitsyn was born in 1948 in the Mari ASSR of the Soviet Union. Prior to serving in the Soviet Army, he was trained as mechanic in a specialized vocational school in Tomsk. He graduated from the Tomsk Railway College. After serving in the Army from 1971, he worked as the chairman of the District Committee for Physical Culture and Sports, the instructor of the Executive Committee Medvedevsky Distri ...
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Mari-Tureksky District
Mari-Tureksky District (; , ''Marij Türek kundem'') is an administrativeLaw #22-Z and municipalLaw #15-Z district (raion), one of the fourteen in the Mari El Republic, Russia. It is located in the east of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Mari-Turek.Resolution #9 As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 23,155, with the population of Mari-Turek accounting for 22.3% of that number. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Mari-Tureksky District is one of the fourteen in the republic. It is divided into one urban-type settlement (an administrative division with the administrative center in the urban-type settlement (inhabited locality) of Mari-Turek) and 5  rural okrugs, all of which comprise 119  rural localities. As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Mari-Tureksky Municipal District. Mari ...
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Mikhail Kalinin
Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (, ; 3 June 1946) was a Soviet politician and Russian Old Bolshevik revolutionary who served as the first chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (head of state) from 1938 until his resignation in 1946. From 1926 until his death, he was a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Born to a peasant family, Kalinin worked as a metal worker in Saint Petersburg and took part in the 1905 Russian Revolution as an early member of the Bolsheviks. During and after the October Revolution, he served as mayor of Petrograd (St. Petersburg). After the revolution, Kalinin became the head of the new Soviet state, as well as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Politburo. Kalinin remained the titular head of state of the Soviet Union after the rise of Joseph Stalin, with whom he enjoyed a privileged relationship, but held little real power or influence. He retired in 1946 and died in the same year. The f ...
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Boarding School
A boarding school is a school where pupils live within premises while being given formal instruction. The word "boarding" is used in the sense of "room and board", i.e. lodging and meals. They have existed for many centuries, and now extend across many countries. Their functioning, codes of conduct, and ethos vary greatly. Children in boarding schools study and live during the school year with their fellow students and possibly teachers or administrators. Some boarding schools also have day students who attend the institution during the day and return home in the evenings. Boarding school pupils are typically referred to as "boarders". Children may be sent for one to twelve years or more in boarding school, until the age of eighteen. There are several types of boarders depending on the intervals at which they visit their family. Full-term boarders visit their homes at the end of an academic year, semester boarders visit their homes at the end of an academic term, weekly boarders ...
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Cooperative
A cooperative (also known as co-operative, coöperative, co-op, or coop) is "an autonomy, autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically-controlled wikt:Enterprise, enterprise". Cooperatives are democratically controlled by their members, with each member having one vote in electing the board of directors. They differ from Collective farming, collectives in that they are generally built from the bottom-up, rather than the top-down. Cooperatives may include: * Worker cooperatives: businesses owned and managed by the people who work there * Consumer cooperatives: businesses owned and managed by the people who consume goods and/or services provided by the cooperative * Producer cooperatives: businesses where producers pool their output for their common benefit ** e.g. Agricultural cooperatives * Purchasing cooperatives where members pool their purchasing power ...
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Volga
The Volga (, ) is the longest river in Europe and the longest endorheic basin river in the world. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of , and a catchment area of .«Река Волга»
, Russian State Water Registry
It is also Europe's largest river in terms of average discharge at delta – between and – and of . It is widely regarded as the national river of

Hero Of The Soviet Union
The title Hero of the Soviet Union () was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded together with the Order of Lenin personally or collectively for heroic feats in service to the Soviet state and society. The title was awarded both to civilian and military persons. Overview The award was established on 16 April 1934, by the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union. The first recipients of the title originally received only the Order of Lenin, the highest Soviet award, along with a certificate (грамота, ''gramota'') describing the heroic deed from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Because the Order of Lenin could be awarded for deeds not qualifying for the title of hero, and to distinguish heroes from other Order of Lenin holders, the Gold Star medal was introduced on 1 August 1939. Earlier heroes were retroactively eligible for these items. A hero could be awarded the title again for a subsequent heroic feat with an additional Gold S ...
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Chuvash State University
I. N. Ulianov Chuvash State University is a public university located in Cheboksary, the capital of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. The university is one of the leading institutions of higher learning in Russia and is the scientific, educational and cultural center of the Privolsky Federal Region of the Russian Federation. Chuvash State University has over 10,000 students and 3,865 faculty, including 150 Professors (Dr. Habil.) and 600 Docents (Ph.D.). The rector is Andrey Aleksandrov. History In 1920 the revolutionary committee and decided to create a university Cheboksary. The question about the creation of the Chuvash State University was raised again in 1958–19, but even then it could not be done because of many problems connected with the absence of the material base and lack of scientific staff in the republic. The university was formed on 17 August 1967 through a merger of the Volga Branch of the Order of Lenin Moscow Energy Institute and the Historical-Philological De ...
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Russian Orthodox Church
The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; ;), also officially known as the Moscow Patriarchate (), is an autocephaly, autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Christian church. It has 194 dioceses inside Russia. The Primate (bishop), primate of the ROC is the patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'. The History of the Russian Orthodox Church, history of the ROC begins with the Christianization of Kievan Rus', which commenced in 988 with the baptism of Vladimir the Great and his subjects by the clergy of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople. Starting in the 14th century, Moscow served as the primary residence of the Russian List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow, metropolitan. The ROC declared autocephaly in 1448 when it elected its own metropolitan. In 1589, the metropolitan was elevated to the position of patriarch with the consent of Constantinople. In the mid-17th century, a series of reforms led to Schism of the Russian ...
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Moscow
Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents within the city limits, over 19.1 million residents in the urban area, and over 21.5 million residents in Moscow metropolitan area, its metropolitan area. The city covers an area of , while the urban area covers , and the metropolitan area covers over . Moscow is among the world's List of largest cities, largest cities, being the List of European cities by population within city limits, most populous city entirely in Europe, the largest List of urban areas in Europe, urban and List of metropolitan areas in Europe, metropolitan area in Europe, and the largest city by land area on the European continent. First documented in 1147, Moscow became the capital of the Grand Principality of Moscow, which led the unification of the Russian lan ...
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalitarianism, totalitarian dictatorship. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", referred to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945, after 12 years, when the Allies of World War II, Allies defeated Germany and entered the capital, Berlin, End of World War II in Europe, ending World War II in Europe. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazi Party began to eliminate political opposition and consolidate power. A 1934 German referendum confirmed Hitler as sole ''Führer'' (leader). Power was centralised in Hitler's person, an ...
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Great Patriotic War
The Eastern Front, also known as the Great Patriotic War (term), Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union and its successor states, and the German–Soviet War in modern Germany and Ukraine, was a Theater (warfare), theatre of World War II fought between the European Axis powers and Allies of World War II, Allies, including the Soviet Union (USSR) and Polish Armed Forces in the East, Poland. It encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Northeast Europe (Baltic states, Baltics), and Southeast Europe (Balkans), and lasted from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945. Of the estimated World War II casualties, 70–85 million deaths attributed to World War II, around 30 million occurred on the Eastern Front, including 9 million children. The Eastern Front was decisive in determining the outcome in the European theatre of World War II, European theatre of operations in World War II, eventually serving as the main reason for the defeat of Nazi Germany and the Axis ...
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