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Kollel Hod
Kollel Hod () was a Jewish community-building organization composed of Jews who had emigrated from the Netherlands and Germany in the 19th century. Background In the Ottoman-controlled land of Palestine, particularly in Jerusalem, there were many associations for Jews who had emigrated from abroad and wanted to maintain ties with their countries of origin. The '' kollels'' were mainly a conduit for distribution money from international benefactors who donated money to support Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel. These organizations included the Kollel Hod of Holland and Germany, an organization representing the Jews of two countries who were exposed to much emancipation and social change during the Industrial Revolution, and were technologically further ahead than many Jews in Middle-eastern countries that had not yet caught up to the mechanical advancements of Western Europe. Composition of membership A majority of members in the kollel were typically younger, more edu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benefactor (law)
A benefactor () is a person who gives some form of help to benefit a person, group or organization (the '' beneficiary''), often gifting a monetary contribution in the form of an endowment to help a cause. Benefactors are humanitarian leaders and charitable patrons providing assistance in many forms, such as an alumnus from a university giving back to a college or an individual providing assistance to others. See also * Patronage * Sponsor (commercial) Sponsoring something (or someone) is the act of supporting an event, activity, person, or organization financially or through the provision of products or services. The individual or group that provides the support, similar to a benefactor, is k ... References Personal finance Philanthropy {{econ-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chasidic
Hasidism () or Hasidic Judaism is a religious movement within Judaism that arose in the 18th century as a spiritual revival movement in contemporary Western Ukraine before spreading rapidly throughout Eastern Europe. Today, most of those affiliated with the movement, known as ''hassidim'', reside in Israel and in the United States (mostly Brooklyn and the Hudson Valley). Israel Ben Eliezer, the "Baal Shem Tov", is regarded as its founding father, and his disciples developed and disseminated it. Present-day Hasidism is a sub-group within Haredi Judaism and is noted for its religious conservatism and social seclusion. Its members aim to adhere closely both to Orthodox Jewish practice – with the movement's own unique emphases – and the prewar lifestyle of Eastern European Jews. Many elements of the latter, including various special styles of dress and the use of the Yiddish language, are nowadays associated almost exclusively with Hasidism. Hasidic thought draws heavily on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Yishuv
The Old Yishuv (, ''haYishuv haYashan'') were the Jewish communities of the Land of Israel during the Ottoman period, up to the onset of Zionist aliyah waves, and the consolidation of the new Yishuv by the end of World War I. Unlike the new Yishuv, characterized by secular and Zionist ideologies promoting labor and self-sufficiency, the Old Yishuv primarily consisted of religious Jews who relied on external donations ('' halukka'') for support. The Old Yishuv evolved following a significant decline in Jewish communities across the region during late antiquity and the early Middle Ages, and was composed of three clusters. Firstly, Ladino-speaking Sephardic Jewish communities settled in the region during the late Mamluk and early Ottoman periods, alongside Arabic-speaking ''Musta'arabi'' communities, who had already been living there since before the coming of Islam and had been culturally and linguistically Arabized. Secondly, Ashkenazi Jews emigrated from Europe in the 18th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Jews In Europe
The history of the Jews in Europe spans a period of over two thousand years. Jews, a Semitic people descending from the Judeans of Judea in the Southern Levant, Natural History 102:11 (November 1993): 12–19. began migrating to Europe just before the rise of the Roman Empire (27 BCE), although Alexandrian Jews had already migrated to Rome, and some Gentiles had undergone Judaization on a few occasions. A notable early event in the history of the Jews in the Roman Empire was the 63 BCE siege of Jerusalem, where Pompey had interfered in the Hasmonean civil war. Jews have had a significant presence in European cities and countries since the fall of the Roman Empire, including Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, and Russia. In Spain and Portugal in the late fifteenth century, the monarchies forced Jews to either convert to Christianity or leave and they established offices of the Inquisition to enforce Catholic orthodoxy of converted Jews. These ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)
The Jewish Quarter (; ) is one of the four traditional quarters of the Old City (Jerusalem), Old City of Jerusalem. The area lies in the southwestern sector of the walled city, and stretches from the Gates in Jerusalem's Old City Walls, Zion Gate in the south, along the Armenian Quarter on the west, up to the Street of the Chain in the north and extends to the Western Wall and the Temple Mount in the east. In the early 20th century the Jews, Jewish population of the quarter reached 19,000. During the 1948 Palestine war, 1948 war, the Jewish Quarter fought the Arab Legion as part of the battle for Jerusalem, and the Hurva Synagogue, Hurva synagogue was blown up by Arab legionnaires. In May 1948, the Jewish Quarter surrendered; some Jews were taken captive, and the rest were evacuated. A crowd then systematically pillaged and razed the quarter. After Israel captured East Jerusalem during the Six-Day War, 1967 Six-Day War, the quarter was earmarked for rehabilitation as a tourist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian Jews
The history of the Jews in Hungary dates back to at least the Kingdom of Hungary, with some records even predating the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin in 895 CE by over 600 years. Written sources prove that Jewish communities lived in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary and it is even assumed that several sections of the heterogeneous Hungarian tribes practiced Judaism. Jewish officials served the king during the early 13th century reign of Andrew II. From the second part of the 13th century, the general religious tolerance decreased and Hungary's policies became similar to the treatment of the Jewish population in Western Europe. The Ashkenazi of Hungary were fairly well integrated into Hungarian society by the time of the First World War. By the early 20th century, the community had grown to constitute 5% of Hungary's total population and 23% of the population of the capital, Budapest. Jews became prominent in science, the arts and business. By 1941, over 17% of Buda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old City Of Jerusalem
The Old City of Jerusalem (; ) is a walled area in Jerusalem. In a tradition that may have begun with an 1840s British map of the city, the Old City is divided into four uneven quarters: the Muslim Quarter, the Christian Quarter, the Armenian Quarter, and the Jewish Quarter. A fifth area, the Temple Mount, known to Muslims as Al-Aqsa or ''Haram al-Sharif'', is home to the Dome of the Rock, the Al-Aqsa Mosque, and was once the site of the Jewish Temple. The Old City's current walls and city gates were built by the Ottoman Empire from 1535 to 1542 under Suleiman the Magnificent. The Old City is home to several sites of key importance and holiness to the three major Abrahamic religions: the Temple Mount and the Western Wall for Judaism, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre for Christianity, and the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque for Islam. The Old City, along with its walls, was added to the World Heritage Site list of UNESCO in 1981. In spite of its name, the Old City ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batei Mahse
The Batei Mahse () is an apartment complex built from 1857 to 1890 in the Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem), Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem, intended to house the city's poorer residents. History Construction The complex is the first modern Jewish Housing cooperative, housing initiative built in the Land of Israel. The purpose of the building was to build shelters for poor residents (a kind of financial welfare). The initiative for its establishment was started by Kollel Hod, an organization founded by Jews from the Netherlands and Germany donating to the Jewish Quarter during the period of the Old Yishuv. The construction of the complex enabled the community to grant apartments to poor families for a period of three years for free or for a Rent regulation, controlled fee. At the end of the 19th century, housing prices rose in Israel, and many Jewish families found themselves unable to pay full rent to their landlords, leaving them homeless. The socio-economic situatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lämel School
The Lämel School (; also the Von Lamel School) is a school established in Jerusalem in 1856 by the Austrian family of Simon von Lämel to educate members of the Old Yishuv in the city. It was initially established in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City, but moved to a permanent building in Zikhron Moshe in 1903. History The Lämel family is a well-known philanthropic family that supported many educational institutions, with the Lämel School specifically being established in Lämel's memory, as he passed in 1845. The establishment of the school was headed by Ludwig August von Frankl, who faced opposition from many members of the Ashkenazi Old Yishuv upon his arrival in Jerusalem. They feared that his new school would bring lawlessness due to its emphasis on many secular studies, having seen Jerusalem previously as a way of escaping the European Age of Enlightenment. A rabbinical boycott of the school was had, and Frankl eventually signed a deal with the Sephardic community where ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shaare Zedek Hospital
The Shaare Zedek Medical Center () is a large teaching hospital in Jerusalem. It was established in 1902 and is affiliated with Hebrew University of Jerusalem. History Shaare Zedek was the first large district general hospital to be located in the Western portion of Jerusalem and is today the city's fastest growing hospital and the only major medical facility in the city's center. In the Old Yishuv of Jerusalem, there were not many hospitals, and due to conflicts between the various groups, the German Jews were left without a hospital. Because of this situation, the German and Dutch expatriate community in Jerusalem decided to establish their own hospital under the patronage of the German Empire. As part of this effort, the "Committee for the Establishment of a Jewish Hospital in Jerusalem" was founded, presided over by Rabbi Seligman Ber Bamberger, and subsequently by Rabbi Marcus Lehmann. In November 1884, the committee sent Abraham Grünbaum, along with Abraham Rose on be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haskalah
The ''Haskalah'' (; literally, "wisdom", "erudition" or "education"), often termed the Jewish Enlightenment, was an intellectual movement among the Jews of Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, with a certain influence on those in Western Europe and the Muslim world. It arose as a defined ideological worldview during the 1770s, and its last stage ended around 1881, with the rise of Autoemancipation, Jewish nationalism. The movement advocated against Jewish reclusiveness, encouraged the adoption of prevalent attire over traditional dress, while also working to diminish the authority of traditional community institutions such as rabbinic courts and boards of elders. It pursued a set of projects of cultural and moral renewal, including a revival of Hebrew for use in secular life, which resulted in an increase in Hebrew language, Hebrew found in print. Concurrently, it strove for an optimal integration in surrounding societies. Practitioners promoted the study of Exogeny, exo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Assembly
According to Jewish tradition the Great Assembly (, also translated as Great Synagogue or ''Synod'') was an assembly of possibly 120 scribes, sages, and prophets, which existed from the early Second Temple period (around 516 BCE) to the early Hellenistic period (which began in the region with Alexander's conquest in 332 BCE), roughly coinciding with the Persian hegemony over the nation of Israel. The assembly's members, known as ''Anshei Knesset HaGedolah'' (, the "Men of the Great Assembly"), traditionally included such figures as Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi, Ezra, Nehemiah, Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, Azariah, Mordechai and Zerubbabel. Among the developments in Judaism that are attributed to the sages of this period are the fixing of the Jewish biblical canon (including the Book of Ezekiel, Daniel, Esther, and the Twelve Minor Prophets); the introduction of the Feast of Purim; and the institution of many prayers and rituals including the Amidah prayer. Membership Role o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
