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Khoda Afarin Reservoir
Khuda (, ) or Khoda is the Persian word for God. Originally, it was used as a noun in reference to Ahura Mazda (the name of the God in Zoroastrianism). Iranian languages, Turkic languages, and many Indo-Aryan languages employ the word. Today, it is a word that is largely used in the non-Arabic Islamic world, with wide usage from its native country Iran, along with Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh and Pakistan. and some Muslim-majority areas of India, as well as Southern and Southwestern Russia. Etymology The term derives from Middle Iranian terms ''xvatay, xwadag'' meaning "lord", "ruler", "master", appearing in written form in Parthian ''kwdy'', in Middle Persian ''kwdy'', and in Sogdian ''kwdy''. It is the Middle Persian reflex of older Iranian forms such as Avestan ''xva-dhata-'' "self-defined; autocrat", an epithet of Ahura Mazda. The Kurdish term ''Xwedê'' (خودێ) and the Pashto term ''Xdāi' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Language
Persian ( ), also known by its endonym and exonym, endonym Farsi (, Fārsī ), is a Western Iranian languages, Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian languages, Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan in three mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible standard language, standard varieties, respectively Iranian Persian (officially known as ''Persian''), Dari, Dari Persian (officially known as ''Dari'' since 1964), and Tajik language, Tajiki Persian (officially known as ''Tajik'' since 1999).Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in ''Media Insight Central Asia #27'', August 2002. It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within Uzbekistan, as well as within other regions with a Persianate society, Persianate history in the cultural sphere o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pashto Language
Pashto ( , ; , ) is an eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family, natively spoken in northwestern Pakistan and southern and eastern Afghanistan. It has official status in Afghanistan and the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is known in historical Persian literature as Afghani (). Spoken as a native language mostly by ethnic Pashtuns, it is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan alongside Dari, Constitution of Afghanistan ''Chapter 1 The State, Article 16 (Languages) and Article 20 (Anthem)''/ref> and it is the second-largest provincial language of Pakistan, spoken mainly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the northern districts of Balochistan. Likewise, it is the primary language of the Pashtun diaspora around the world. The total number of Pashto-speakers is at least 40 million, (40 million) although some estimates place it as high as 60 million. Pashto is "one of the primary markers of ethnic identity" amongst Pashtuns. Geograph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parting Phrase
A valediction ( derivation from Latin ''vale dicere'', "to say farewell"), parting phrase, or complimentary close in American English, is an expression used to say farewell, especially a word or phrase used to end a letter or message,Valediction – Definition from American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. (2011). as cited by . or a speech made at a farewell. Valediction's counterpart is a greeting called a . Oral valedictions Parting phrases are used to acknowledge the parting of individuals or ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khoda Hafez
Khuda Hafiz (), Pashto: خداۍ حافظ (khuday hafiz), (''Khoda Hafej''), , , (''Xudā Hāfiz''), Kurdish: , (kẖwạ ḥạfy̰z), ), is a common parting phrase originating in the Persian language. It is most commonly used in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan and in South Asia, where it is also sometimes used by non-Muslims including some Christians and Parsis. Additionally it is also used by some Azeris, Kurds, and Jews of Iranian heritage. In Persian, it is colloquially often shortened to Khodafez. Meaning Literally translated it is: "May God be your Guardian". '' Khoda'', which is Persian for God, and ''hāfiz'' which is the Arabic word for "protector" or “guardian”. The vernacular translation is, "Good-bye". The phrase is also used in the Azerbaijani, Sindhi, Urdu, Hindi, Bengali and Punjabi languages. It also can be defined as "May God be your protector." Romanization Transliterations may also include ''Khudā Hāfiz'', ''Khudā Hāfez'', and ''Kho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Names Of God In Islam
Names of God in Islam () are 99 names that each contain Attributes of God in Islam, which are implied by the respective names. These names usually denote his praise, gratitude, commendation, glorification, magnification, perfect attributes, majestic qualities, and acts of wisdom, mercy, benefit, and justice from Allah, as believed by Muslims. These names are commonly called upon by Muslims during Salah, prayers, Dua, supplications, and Dhikr, remembrance, as they hold significant spiritual and theological importance, serving as a means for Muslims to connect with God. Each name reflects a specific attribute of Allah and serves as a means for believers to understand and relate to the Divine. Some names are known from either the Qur’an or the hadith, while others can be found in both sources, although most are found in the Qur’an. Additionally, Muslims also believe that there are more names of God besides those found in the Qur'an and hadith and that God has kept knowledge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
God In Islam
In Islam, God (, contraction of , ) is seen as the Creator god, creator and God the Sustainer, sustainer of the universe, who God and eternity, lives eternally. God is conceived as a perfect, Tawhid, singular, immortal, omnipotent, and omniscient god, completely Infinity, infinite in all of Attributes of God in Islam, his attributes. Islam further emphasizes that God is most merciful. The Islamic concept of God is variously described as monotheistic, panentheistic, and monistic. In Schools of Islamic theology, Islamic theology, Anthropomorphism and corporealism in Islam, anthropomorphism () and corporealism () refer to beliefs in the human-like (anthropomorphic) and materially embedded (corporeal) form of God, an idea that has been classically described assimilating or comparing God to the creatures created by God. By contrast, belief in the Transcendence (religion), transcendence of God is called , which also rejects notions of incarnation and a personal god. is widely accep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frahang-i Pahlavig
''Frahang-ī Pahlavīg'' (Middle Persian: 𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭭𐭢 𐭯𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭩𐭪 "Pahlavi dictionary") is the title of an anonymous dictionary of mostly Aramaic logograms with Middle Persian translations (in Pahlavi script) and transliterations (in Pazend script).. Its date is unknown. The glossary was previously known to Indian Zoroastrians, called the Parsis, as the ''mna-xvatay'' (traditionally pronounced ''mona khoda''), a name derived from the first two words (the lemma) of the first entry.. Relevant scripts' characteristics The Pazend script has the following characteristics, as contrasted with the Pahlavi script: * Pazend is a variant of the Avestan alphabet (''Din dabireh''), a phonetic alphabet. In contrast, Pahlavi is only an abjad. * Pazend does not have ideograms. In contrast, ideograms are an identifying feature of the Pahlavi system, and are words borrowed from Semitic languages such as Aramaic that continue to be spelled as in Aramaic transliter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
101 Names Of God
In Zoroastrianism, there are 101 names and titles used to refer to Ahura Mazda. The list is preserved in Persian, Pazend, and Gujarati. The names are often taken during ''Baj'' ( ceremonial prayer) as part of Yasna while continuously sprinkling with the ring made of eight metals with the hair of the pure Varasya named "Vars" into the water vessel. List of names Two translations for each name are provided below, one by Meher Baba and the other from an online source (). See also * Names of God * Names of God in Christianity * Names of God in Judaism * Names of God in Islam Names of God in Islam () are 99 names that each contain Attributes of God in Islam, which are implied by the respective names. These names usually denote his praise, gratitude, commendation, glorification, magnification, perfect attributes, ... * Names of God in Sikhism * Sahasranama References {{Names of God Names of God in Zoroastrianism Par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pazend
Pazend () or Pazand (; ) is one of the writing systems used for the Middle Persian language. It was based on the Avestan alphabet, a phonetic alphabet originally used to write Avestan, the language of the Avesta, the primary sacred texts of Zoroastrianism. Pazend's principal use was for writing the commentaries (''Zend'') on and/or translations of the Avesta. The word "Pazend" ultimately derives from the Avestan words ''paiti zainti'', which can be translated as either "for commentary purposes" or "according to understanding" (phonetically). Pazend had the following characteristics, both of which are to be contrasted with Pahlavi, which is one of the other systems used to write Middle Persian: * Pazend was a variant of the Avestan alphabet (''Din dabireh''), which was a phonetic alphabet. In contrast, Pahlavi script was only an abjad. * Pazend did not have ideograms. In contrast, ideograms were an identifying feature of the Pahlavi system, and these '' huzvarishn'' were words b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menog-i Khrad
The ''Mēnōg-ī Khrad'' () or ''Spirit of Wisdom'' is one of the most important secondary texts in Zoroastrianism written in Middle Persian. Also transcribed in Pazend as ''Minuy-e X(e/a)rad'' and in New Persian ''Minu-ye Xeræd'', the text is a Zoroastrian Pahlavi book in sixty-three chapters (a preamble and sixty-two questions and answers), in which a symbolic character called Dānāg (lit., “knowing, wise”) poses questions to the personified Spirit of Wisdom, who is extolled in the preamble and identified in two places (2.95, 57.4) with innate wisdom (''āsn xrad''). The book, like most Middle Persian books, is based on oral tradition and has no known author. According to the preamble, Dānāg, searching for truth, traveled to many countries, associated himself with many savants, and learned about various opinions and beliefs. When he discovered the virtue of ''xrad'' (1.51), the Spirit of Wisdom appeared to him to answer his questions. The book belongs to the genre of ''a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahnameh
The ''Shahnameh'' (, ), also transliterated ''Shahnama'', is a long epic poem written by the Persian literature, Persian poet Ferdowsi between and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran. Consisting of some 50,000 distichs or couplets (two-line verses), the ''Shahnameh'' is one of the world's longest epic poems, and the longest epic poem created by a single author. It tells mainly the Persian mythology, mythical and to some extent the historical past of the Persian Empire from the creation of the world until the Muslim conquest of Persia, Muslim conquest in the seventh century. Iran, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and the greater Greater Iran, region influenced by Persian culture such as Armenia, Dagestan, Georgia (country), Georgia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan celebrate this national epic. The work is of central importance in Persian culture and Persian language. It is regarded as a literary masterpiece, and definitive of the ethno-national cultural ide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
