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Katun (commune)
The katun (; ; ; ) is a rural self-governing community in the Balkans, traditional of the living style of Albanians, Vlachs (in Vlachs in medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vlachs in the history of Croatia, Croatia, Montenegro and Vlachs in medieval Serbia, Serbia), as well as some South Slavs, Slavic communities of hill people. Traditionally, a katun is based on strong kinship ties and the practice of a closed farming economy based on stockbreeding, constantly moving to find pasture. The community based its organizational, political and economic activities on the decisions of a council of elders or a senior member appointed as its leader. The Albanian communities strictly followed the Kanun (Albania), Kanun, their traditional customary law that has directed all the aspects of Albanian tribes, their kinship-based society. This form of association of people resulted from the absence of strong central government. Particularly autonomous katuns are observed in doc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balkans
The Balkans ( , ), corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the whole of Bulgaria. The Balkan Peninsula is bordered by the Adriatic Sea in the northwest, the Ionian Sea in the southwest, the Aegean Sea in the south, the Turkish straits in the east, and the Black Sea in the northeast. The northern border of the peninsula is variously defined. The highest point of the Balkans is Musala, , in the Rila mountain range, Bulgaria. The concept of the Balkan Peninsula was created by the German geographer August Zeune in 1808, who mistakenly considered the Balkan Mountains the dominant mountain system of southeastern Europe spanning from the Adriatic Sea to the Black Sea. In the 19th century the term ''Balkan Peninsula'' was a synonym for Rumelia, the parts of Europe that were provinces of the Ottoman E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
župa
A župa, or zhupa, is a historical type of administrative division in Southeast Europe and Central Europe, that originated in medieval South Slavs, South Slavic culture, commonly translated as "county" or "parish". It was mentioned for the first time in the eighth century and was initially used by the South Slavs, South and West Slavs, denoting various territorial units of which the leader was the župan. In modern Serbo-Croatian, the term also refers to an ecclesiastical parish, in Slovene language, Slovene likewise for ''župnija'', while the related ''županija'' is used in Croatia for lower administrative subdivisions, and likewise by Croats from Bosnia and Herzegovina (as a synonym for ''kanton''). Etymology The word ''župa'' or ' (Slovak language, Slovak and Czech language, Czech: ; Polish language, Polish: ; Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian language, Bulgarian: ; adopted into and rendered in Greek language, Greek as (, "land ruled by a župan")), is derived from Slavic lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Visoki Dečani
The Visoki Dečani Monastery is a medieval Serbian Orthodox Christian monastery located near Deçan, Kosovo. It was founded in the first half of the 14th century by Stefan Dečanski, List of Serbian monarchs, King of Serbia. Dečani is by far the largest medieval church in the Balkans and one of the most complex architectural achievements of the 14th century. Its architectural style, which emerged in Kingdom of Serbia (1217–1346), Kingdom of Serbia at the end of the 12th century, combines Orthodox traditions with Romanesque architecture, Romanesque influences. The monastery reflects the cultural exchange between the Eastern Europe, East and Western Europe, West, representing Serbia's historical position during the medieval period. The Dečani church contains Fresco, frescos that show defining moments from both Serbian history and Christian tradition. It also features the largest preserved collection of Byzantine art, Byzantine painting. For centuries, Dečani has played a key r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drenica
Drenica (, ), also known as the Drenica Valley, is a hilly region in central Kosovo, covering roughly around of Kosovo's total area (6%). It consists of two municipalities, Drenas and Skenderaj, and several villages in Klina, Zubin Potok, Mitrovica and Vushtrri. It is located west of the capital, Pristina. According to the 2011 Census, the population of the region is 109,389, excluding the surrounding villages. Albanians form the absolute majority of the region. Geography Drenica is located in the center of what is today Kosovo, in the western part of the region itself of Kosovo. It is sometimes regarded as a region in its own right. Drenica is divided into Upper Drenica, also called Red Drenica and Lower Drenica, also called Pasha's Drenica. The highest mountains in the region are Mount Caraleva (1,177m) and Mount Çiçavica (1,091m). History Middle Ages Between 1246 and 1255, Stefan Uroš I had reported Albanian toponyms in the Drenica valley. A chrisobull of the Serbian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stefan Uroš II
Stephen (honorific), Stefan Uroš II Milutin ( sr-Cyrl, Стефан Урош II Милутин, Stefan Uroš II Milutin; 1253 – 29 October 1321), known as List of Serbian saints, Saint King, was the List of Serbian monarchs, King of Kingdom of Serbia (medieval), Serbia between 1282–1321, a member of the Nemanjić dynasty. He was one of the most powerful rulers of Serbia in the Middle Ages and one of the most prominent European monarchs of his time. Milutin is credited with strongly resisting the efforts of Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos to impose Roman Catholicism on the Balkans after the Second Council of Lyon, Union of Lyons in 1274. During his reign, Serbian economic power grew rapidly, mostly due to the development of mining. He founded Novo Brdo Fortress, Novo Brdo, which became an internationally important silver mining site. As most of the Nemanjić monarchs, he was proclaimed a saint by the Serbian Orthodox Church with a feast day on October 30. Early ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desanka Kovačević-Kojić
Desanka Kovačević-Kojić (; 3 October 1925 – 13 August 2022) was a Serbian medievalist, specialized in the medieval history of Serbia and Bosnia, and in particular urban history, trade and commercial relations. She left Sarajevo in 1993, after the Siege of Sarajevo had been imposed on her hometown and the Bosnian War was in full swing at that point. She settled in Belgrade, in Serbia, where she continued her work until her death. Desanka Kovačević-Kojić studied history at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Belgrade, graduating in 1950. She was professor at the University of Sarajevo, and since 1993 has worked in the Institute for History in Belgrade. During the 1960s, she spent a year with Radovan Samardžić in Paris, specializing in history at the seminary of Fernand Braudel. She has published several monographs and more than a hundred studies and articles in Serbian and French. She was a member of ANUBiH, and after moving to Belgrade in 1993, she was indu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maleševci (tribe)
Maleševci ( sr-cyr, Малешевци) was a historical Vlach katun of Herzegovina that existed in the Late Middle Ages. Origins The Maleševci are mentioned alongside numerous Herzegovinian katuns in the 14th and 15th archives from Dubrovnik and Kotor, where they are described as Vlachs. The name ''Maleševci'' is the plural of ''Maleševac'', itself derived from the personal name ''Maleš'', the likely founder of the tribe. Apart from the tribe, ''Maleš'' is attested in two Vlach katuns from the Prizren estate, in the 14th century. It also gave the patronymic names ''Malešev'' and '' Malešević'', and might be related to the toponym Maleševo, found in several locations in present-day Serbia and Bulgaria. History Middle Ages The earliest known written record referring to the tribe is a Ragusan document, written on January 14, 1374, addressing ''de Malleseva'' tribe-clan. They were part of a large group of Herzegovinian Vlachs, led by the ''katunar'' Stanko Perutinić ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drobnjaci
Drobnjaci ( sr-Cyrl, Дробњаци, ) was a tribe and historical region, Drobnjak, in Old Herzegovina in Montenegro (municipalities from Nikšić to Šavnik, Žabljak and Pljevlja). Its unofficial centre is in Šavnik. The Serb Orthodox families have St. George ('' Đurđevdan'') as their patron saint ('' slava'') and the majority of churches in Drobnjak are dedicated to St. George as well. Families of distant Drobnjak origin are present in all former Yugoslav republics and in Hungary and Hungarian-populated parts of Romania and Slovakia, where it is spelled in its Magyarized form as Drobnyák. History Origin and early history According to Serbian historian Andrija Luburić (1930), by oral tradition their origin was from Travnik in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and initially were called as '' Novljani''. First mention of the name was in 1285 Ragusan document, where was mentioned '' Vlach'' Bratinja Drobnjak. Term Vlach has germanic root ''walh'' meaning ''foreigner''. The s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banjani
Banjani ( sr-cyrl, Бањани) was a tribe in Old Herzegovina, and historical region in western Montenegro. Its territory comprises , west of Nikšić, in the centre between Nikšić and Bileća, from the top of Njegoš mountain to the Trebišnjica river, and on to the Bileća Lake. All Banjani families have ''Jovanjdan'' ( St. John's feast day, January 20) as their '' slava'' (a Serbian Orthodox tradition). History The first written mention of the Banjani is in 1319. Some scholars argued that the name could derive from ''balnea'' (sr. ''banja''), which means "bath" or "spa". According to oral tradition, the tribal name comes from Banjska in Kosovo from where they migrated. The Novljani were a medieval Serb community, which became a component part of the Drobnjaci tribe in Old Herzegovina (in Montenegro). According to folklore, the Novljani settled Bosnia Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burmazi
Burmazi was an Albanian tribe which is attested in Herzegovina in the Middle Ages. Name The name ''Burmazi'' is a compound of the Albanian words ''burr'' (man) + ''madh'' (big or great). The form ''Burmazi'' instead of ''Burmadhi'' signifies a retained characteristic from an older phase in the Albanian language before /z/ settled into the voiced dental fricative /ð/. History The Burmazi are first mentioned in 1300 as a Vlach katun, that is a semi-nomadic community based on kinship ties that lived in non-permanent settlements, located in the area around Stolac and Trebinje. In the archives of Ragusa they are grouped together in terms of social and economic organization with the also pastoral Vlachs whose name figured as inclusive of all semi-nomadic pastoralists in the area, but recorded as Albanians otherwise. By 1343 they had elevated in social status and began to appear in Ragusan documents also as traders between the hinterlands of Herzegovina and Ragusa. Over time the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexios I Komnenos
Alexios I Komnenos (, – 15 August 1118), Latinization of names, Latinized as Alexius I Comnenus, was Byzantine Emperor, Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118. After usurper, usurping the throne, he was faced with a collapsing empire and constant warfare throughout his reign, Alexios was able to curb the Byzantine decline and begin the military, financial, and territorial recovery known as the Komnenian restoration. His appeals to Western Europe for help against the Seljuk Empire, Seljuk Turks were the catalyst that sparked the First Crusade. Although he was not the first emperor of the Komnenos, Komnenian dynasty, it was during his reign that the Komnenos family came to full power and initiated a hereditary succession to the throne. The son of John Komnenos (Domestic of the Schools), John Komnenos and a nephew of Isaac I Komnenos, Alexios served with distinction under three Byzantine emperors. In 1081, he led a rebellion against Emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates and took ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
