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Karnic
The Karnic languages are a group of languages of the Pama–Nyungan family. According to Dixon (2002), these are three separate families, but Bowern (2001) establishes regular paradigmatic connections among many of the languages, demonstrating them as a genealogical group. Bowern classifies them as follows: * Arabana ( Wangganguru) (Western Karnic; orig. part of Palku) *(node) **Palku (Northern Karnic): Pitta Pitta, Wangka-Yutjurru ( Wanggamala) **(node) ***Karna (Central Karnic) **** Yandruwandha ( Yawarawarga) **** Mithaka (in the north); Diyari, Yarluyandi– Ngamini ***Eastern Karnic: Wilson River language (Wangkumara, Bundhamara (Punthamara), Ngandangara/Yarumarra, etc.) Unclassified languages Other languages of the area may be Karnic, but are too poorly attested to be secure. Breen (2007) writes of "Karna– Mari fringe" languages which are "a discontinuous group of languages, mostly poorly attested, scattered between Karnic and Mari languages but not showing much ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bundhamara Language
The Wilson River language, also known as "Modern" Wankumara (Wangkumara/ Wanggumara), is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Karnic family. It was spoken by several peoples along the Wilson River in Queensland. Of these, the Wanggumara (Wangkumara) and Galali may have migrated from the Bulloo River and abandoned their language when they arrived. (See Bulloo River language.) Speakers In 1981, the language was still spoken by four members of the Wangkumara community around Cooper Creek, the Thomson River, and the Warry Warry Creek, the town of Eromanga and the Nuccundra. It appears to have gone extinct by 2005. Varieties Dixon (2002) considers Punthamara to be a dialect of Wangkumara, Bowern (2001) as very close. Bowern says that Ngandangara also appears to have been "very close", although data is too poor for a proper classification. Karenggapa is either a dialect or an alternative name. (McDonald & Wurm 1979) note that Wilson River Galali, what they call "Waŋkuma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilson River Language
The Wilson River language, also known as "Modern" Wankumara (Wangkumara/ Wanggumara), is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Karnic family. It was spoken by several peoples along the Wilson River in Queensland. Of these, the Wanggumara (Wangkumara) and Galali may have migrated from the Bulloo River and abandoned their language when they arrived. (See Bulloo River language.) Speakers In 1981, the language was still spoken by four members of the Wangkumara community around Cooper Creek, the Thomson River, and the Warry Warry Creek, the town of Eromanga and the Nuccundra. It appears to have gone extinct by 2005. Varieties Dixon (2002) considers Punthamara to be a dialect of Wangkumara, Bowern (2001) as very close. Bowern says that Ngandangara also appears to have been "very close", although data is too poor for a proper classification. Karenggapa is either a dialect or an alternative name. (McDonald & Wurm 1979) note that Wilson River Galali, what they call "Waŋku ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngura Language
Ngura is a disputed and possibly spurious ethnic and language designation of central Australia. The name 'Nura', short for Ngurawarla, means 'empty camp', referring to lands abandoned after a massacre. It is not a language or ethnic designation. Of the various language varieties that have gone by this name, all of which are extinct, Bowern (2001) classifies the Wilson River language of the 'modern' Galali/Garlali and Wangkumara-plus-Bundhamara/Punthamara (also known as or closely related to Ngandangara/Yarumarra) peoples as an Eastern Karnic language, while the Bulloo River language of the 'old' Garlali and Wangkumara remains an unclassified Karna–Mari 'fringe' language. Bidjara or less ambiguously 'Bitharra' (not to be confused with the Bidjara language of the Maric languages) may be another variety of Bulloo River, but there is not enough data to be sure. Bowern believes that Badjiri was probably a Maric language. Bowern (2001) said the data is too sketchy to be sure, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kungardutyi Language
The Wilson River language, also known as "Modern" Wankumara (Wangkumara/ Wanggumara), is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Karnic family. It was spoken by several peoples along the Wilson River in Queensland. Of these, the Wanggumara (Wangkumara) and Galali may have migrated from the Bulloo River and abandoned their language when they arrived. (See Bulloo River language.) Speakers In 1981, the language was still spoken by four members of the Wangkumara community around Cooper Creek, the Thomson River, and the Warry Warry Creek, the town of Eromanga and the Nuccundra. It appears to have gone extinct by 2005. Varieties Dixon (2002) considers Punthamara to be a dialect of Wangkumara, Bowern (2001) as very close. Bowern says that Ngandangara also appears to have been "very close", although data is too poor for a proper classification. Karenggapa is either a dialect or an alternative name. (McDonald & Wurm 1979) note that Wilson River Galali, what they call "Waŋkum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kungkari Language
Kungkari (also ''Gunggari'', ''Koonkerri'', ''Kuungkari'') is an extinct and unclassified Australian Aboriginal language. The Kungkari language region included the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Longreach Shire Council and Blackall-Tambo Shire Council. Classification Geographically it lay near the Barcoo River between the Karnic The Karnic languages are a group of languages of the Pama–Nyungan family. According to Dixon (2002), these are three separate families, but Bowern (2001) establishes regular paradigmatic connections among many of the languages, demonstrating ... and Maric languages, but had no obvious connection to either; the data is too poor to draw any conclusions on classification. Bowern (2001) mentions Kungkari as a possible Karnic language. Wafer and Lissarrague (2008) report that a description of Kungkari by Breen (1990) is of Kungkari, not the similarly-named Gunggari, which was Maric. References Unclassified languag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pirriya Language
Pirriya (also ''Birria'', ''Bidia'', ''Kunggari'', ''Kulumali'', and ''Kungadutji'') is an extinct and unclassified Australian Aboriginal language. It was spoken by the Bidia people (also known as ''Biria'') of the western and central western Queensland, including Barcoo Shire, Whitula Creek, Cooper Creek, and Jundah. It is not to be confused with the Biri language and its dialects, also a Queensland language, spoken by the Biria people. Classification Geographically it lay between the Karnic and Maric languages, but had no obvious connection to either; the data is too poor to draw any conclusions on classification. Dixon (2002) classes Pirriya with Kungkari as a subgroup of the Maric languages while Breen (1990) suggests it may be a Karnic language. Vocabulary Some words from the Birria language, as spelt and written by Birria authors include: * ''Billar'': spear * ''Binoor'': bandicoot * ''Boorong'': rock * ''Bowra'': kangaroo * ''Burlo moori'': good day * ''Gu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karuwali Language
Mithaka (also ''Midhaga'', ''Mitaka'') is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language in the Barcoo Shire of Western Queensland spoken by the Mitaka people. Classification and dialects Karruwali (Garuwali) and Marulta (Marrulha, Marrula) are counted as dialects per Dixon (2002). Breen thinks Mithaka, Marula, and Marunuda may be the same language but does not know if they are alternative names or distinct dialects of the same language. However, Bowern (2001) states that there is not enough evidence to classify them, or even to establish that they are Karnic languages. References External links Bibliography of Garuwali people and language resources at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies The Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS), established as the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies (AIAS) in 1964, is an independent Australian Government statutory authority. It is a collecting, . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wangka-Yutjurru Language
Wanggamala, also spelt Wanggamanha, Wangkamahdla, Wangkamadla, Wangkamanha, Wangkamana, Wonkamala, Wongkamala, Wonkamudla, and other variants, is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama–Nyungan family, previously spoken in the Northern Territory around Hay River (east of Alice Springs) and to the south of the Andegerebinha-speaking area. As of 2003, there was one speaker remaining. According to Gavan Breen (2007), Lanima (AIATSIS code G52) and Yurlayurlanya (formerly spelt Ulaolinya) are groups whose dialect is Wangkamanha G1, or possibly two names for the same group. Other linguists have offered different interpretations of the dialects. Wangka-Yutjurru (AIATSIS G5) is a separate language (also Karnic, according to Luise Hercus, according to Gavan Breen, which has two dialects, Wangka-Yutjurru and Wangkamanha. Other linguists suggest further dialects. Alternative names *Tharlimanha (Breen 2007) *Wanggamala ( AIATSIS and Ethnologue) *Wanggamanha *Wangka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maric Languages
Maran or Maric is an extinct branch of the Pama–Nyungan family of Australian languages formerly spoken throughout much of Queensland by many of the Murri peoples. The well attested Maric languages are clearly related; however, many languages of the area became extinct before much could be documented of them, and their classification is uncertain. The clear Maric languages are: : Bidyara (numerous varieties) : Biri (several varieties) : Warrungu (& Gugu-Badhun, Gudjal) :( Kingkel?): Darumbal Dharumbal was added by Bowern (2011); it had been classified in the Kingkel branch of Waka–Kabic. It is not clear if the other Kingkel language, Bayali, is also Maric; Bayali and Darumbal are not close. Unclassified languages Ngaro and Giya (Bumbarra), spoken on the coast, may also have been Maric, the latter perhaps a dialect of Biri. Of the interior, to the west, Breen (2007) writes of "Karna–Mari fringe" languages which are "a discontinuous group of languages, mostly poorly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |