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Maric Languages
Maran or Maric is an extinct branch of the Pama–Nyungan languages, Pama–Nyungan family of Australian languages formerly spoken throughout much of Queensland by many of the Murri peoples. The well attested Maric languages are clearly related; however, many languages of the area became extinct before much could be documented of them, and their classification is uncertain. The clear Maric languages are: *Maric **Bidyara language, Bidyara (numerous varieties) **Biri language, Biri (several varieties) **Warrungu language, Warrungu (& Gugu-Badhun, Gudjal) **(Kingkel languages, Kingkel?): Darumbal language, Darumbal Dharumbal was added by Bowern (2011); it had been classified in the Kingkel branch of Waka–Kabic languages, Waka–Kabic. It is not clear if the other Kingkel language, Bayali language, Bayali, is also Maric; Bayali and Darumbal are not close. Unclassified languages Ngaro language, Ngaro and Giya language, Giya (Bumbarra), spoken on the coast, may also have been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marran Languages
The Macro-Gunwinyguan languages, also called Arnhem or Gunwinyguan, are a family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken across eastern Arnhem Land in northern Australia. Their relationship has been demonstrated through shared morphology in their verbal inflections. Many of the languages have a Fortis and lenis, fortis–lenis contrast in plosive consonants. Lenis/short plosives have weak contact and intermittent voicing, while fortis/long plosives have full closure, a more powerful release burst, and no voicing. Languages Rebecca Green (2004) reconstructed the paradigms of 28 Proto-Arnhem verbs. The languages included by Green are as follows, though Green only accepts Maningrida as a demonstrated branch: * Macro-Gunwinyguan ** Maningrida languages, Maningrida *** Burarra language, Burarra *** Guragone language, Guragone *** Djeebbana language, Djeebbana *** Nakkara language, Nakkara ** ? East Arnhem: *** Nunggubuyu language, Nunggubuyu *** Ngandi language, Ngandi *** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karnic Languages
The Karnic languages are a group of languages of the Pama–Nyungan family. According to Dixon (2002), these are three separate families, but Bowern (2001) establishes regular paradigmatic connections among many of the languages, demonstrating them as a genealogical group. Bowern classifies them as follows: *Karnic ** Arabana ( Wangganguru) (Western Karnic; orig. part of Palku) ** ***Palku (Northern Karnic) **** Pitta Pitta **** Wangka-Yutjurru ( Wanggamala) *** ****Karna (Central Karnic) ***** Yandruwandha ( Yawarawarga) ***** Mithaka (in the north); Diyari, Yarluyandi– Ngamini ****Eastern Karnic: Wilson River language (Wangkumara, Bundhamara (Punthamara), Ngandangara/Yarumarra, etc.) Unclassified languages Other languages of the area may be Karnic, but are too poorly attested to be secure. Breen (2007) writes of "Karna– Mari fringe" languages which are "a discontinuous group of languages, mostly poorly attested, scattered between Karnic and Mari languages but not s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yiman Language
The Yiman language (also spelt Yeeman, Yimun, Jimun, Yiiman, Jiman, Iman, and Emon) is an Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland. Ethnically the speakers were Bidjara; that and geography suggests that it may have been a Maric language, assuming it was a distinct language at all. It is attested in a word list collected by Meston and held in the State Library of Queensland, but as of 2014 the data had not been verified by the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. Language revival Since 2017, the Central Queensland Language Centre has been working on helping to restore three languages from the region – Yiiman, Bayali (Byelle) and Taribelang. There is a language revival project under way to document and revive the language. "Yeeman" is listed as one of 20 languages prioritised as part of the Priority Languages Support Project, being undertaken by First Languages Australia and funded by the Department of Communications and the Arts T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yirandhali Language
Yirandhali (Yirandali, Jirandali), also known as Pooroga, is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of Hughenden in Central Queensland. Yirandhali is a Pama–Nyungan language. Dixon (2002) speculates that it may belong in the Maric branch of that family, but further research is required before this can be verified, due to the limited lexical material that is available in the language.Dixon, Robert (2002) ''Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development''. . There is very little information available about the languages of this region. Oral recounts suggest that the town area of Hughenden was a place that was passed through rather than a place that was used as a regular campsite. The Flinders River is often a dry river bed. At the nearby Porcupine Gorge, in an area known locally as 'the Tattoos', there are signs of Aboriginal rock drawings. This area would have been a more reliable source of water. Classification A Pama–Nyungan language, Dixon (2002) speculated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhungaloo Language
Dhungaloo (Dungaloo) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland. BowernBowern, Claire. 2011.How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?, ''Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web'', December 23, 2011correctedFebruary 6, 2012) suggests that it may have been a Maric language Maran or Maric is an extinct branch of the Pama–Nyungan family of Australian languages formerly spoken throughout much of Queensland by many of the Murri peoples. The well attested Maric languages are clearly related; however, many languages .... However, AIATSIS has no listing for the name. References Maric languages Spurious languages Languages extinct in the 2010s Extinct languages of Queensland 2012 disestablishments in Australia {{ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barna Language
Biri, also known as Biria, Birri Gubba, Birigaba, Wiri, Perembba and other variants, is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Mackay area of Queensland spoken by the Birri Gubba people. There are at least eight languages regarded as dialects of Biri, and two which are related but whose status is not yet fully determined (see the table to the right). All are covered in this article. A grammar of Biri proper was written before the language became nearly extinct. some of the dialects have been undergoing a revival for some years. Dialects The following languages are regarded as confirmed dialects of Biri by the AUSTLANG database maintained by AIATSIS. Only one alternative name is given, for brevity; most have many more. All of these dialects appear to be extinct; AUSTLANG shows no speakers for any of them since 1975. *E38: Garaynbal (Garingbal) *E40: Gangulu (Kaangooloo) *E48: Baradha (Thar-ar-ra-burra) *E51: Yambina (Jampal) *E52: Yangga (Jangga) *E54: Yuwi (Juipera) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bindal Language
Bindal (''Bendalgubba, Nyawaygi'') is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of North Queensland. The Bindal language region included the area from Cape Cleveland extending south towards Ayr and the mouth of the Burdekin River, encompassing the landscape within the boundaries of the Townsville City Council and Burdekin Shire Council. Classification BowernBowern, Claire. 2011.How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?, ''Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web'', December 23, 2011correctedFebruary 6, 2012) suggests that it might have been a Maric language. Breen presumes that one of two Lower Burdekin languages, which he concluded were not Maric, is Bindal. Vocabulary Some words from the Bindal language, as spelt and written by Bindal authors include: * ''Adha'': yes * ''Andha'': saltwater * ''Bagaraga'': star * ''Barri'': stone * ''Bugan'': grass * ''Gadhara'': possum * ''Gamu'': water * ''Gunbana'': blood See also * Bindal people References External l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngaygungu Language
Ngaygungu (also known as Ngȋ-koong-ō) is a sleeping, Australian Aboriginal language originally spoken by the Ngaygungyi, for which a wordlist was recorded from Atherton in the Wet Tropics of Queensland by Walter Edmund Roth in October 1898, later also recorded by Norman Barnett Tindale in 1938, but no longer spoken by any living speakers. Phonology Vowels Ngȋ-koong-ō has the following vowels each pronounced as in English were the English vowels a, e, i, o to be marked for length. Consonants Ngȋ-koong-ō has twelve consonant In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract, except for the h sound, which is pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Examples are and pronou ...s as follows: each pronounced as they would be in English. See also * Ngaygungu people References Maric languages Extinct languages of Queensland Unclassified languages of Austr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Badjiri Language
Badjiri is an extinct Aboriginal Australian language once spoken by the Badjiri people of southern Queensland. References *Dixon, R. M. W. 2002. ''Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development.'' Cambridge University Press * External links Bibliography of Badjiri language and people resources at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies The Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS), established as the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies (AIAS) in 1964, is an independent Australian Government statutory authority. It is a collecting, ... {{Pama–Nyungan languages, East Maric languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulloo River Language
Kalali, also written Kullili, Galali, Garlali, Kullilla and other variants, is a poorly attested Australian Aboriginal languages, Australian Aboriginal language, of Queensland, Australia. It is one of several geographically transitional "Karnic languages, Karna–Maric languages, Mari fringe" languages that have not been convincingly classified, and is best considered an isolate branch within the Pama–Nyungan family. Gavan Breen provisionally includes Minkabari and the Ngura language, Ngura dialect Pitjara/Bidjara/Bitharra, which together have been called the Bulloo River language. Breen is partly responsible for the variation in the spelling of the name 'Kalali'. The forms ''Garlali'' and ''Galarli'' are due to what he now considers a non-distinctive instance of retroflex ''rl'', and he prefers the spelling ''Kalali''. People and language Both the Kalali people, Kalali and the Wanggumara people apparently lived by the Bulloo River and the Wilson River (Queensland), Wilson Ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wangkumara
The Wanggumara, also spelt Wangkumara, Wongkumara, Wangkumarra, and other variants, are an Aboriginal people of the state of Queensland, Australia. Language Old Wankumara, spoken along the Bulloo River with the Kalali people, was a " Karna–Mari fringe" language that died out with the passing of its last speakers in the late 20th century. "Modern" Wankumara, spoken along the Wilson River, is a Karnic language, which according to Breen (1967) was identical to the speech of other peoples speaking the Wilson River language. The disambiguator "modern" simply refers to the fact that the Wanggumara people continued speaking that language more recently than the other. Country According to Norman Tindale, the Wanggumara lands covered some , stretching over Cooper Creek east of Nappa Merrie and Orientos to the area around the ephemeral Wilson River at Nockatunga. Writing in 1886, F. W. Myles described their neighbouring tribes as follows: The names of the tribes which adjoin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galali People
The Galali or Kalali were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland. Language Garlali is now extinct, but some outlines of the language were written out by Nils Holmer, Maryalyce McDonald and Stephen Wurm. The Garlali spoke two languages, the Bulloo River language and the Wilson River language, both shared with other peoples. Country According to an estimate by Norman Tindale Kalali tribal territory stretched over some . Proceeding west from Eulo to Thargomindah Thargomindah (frequently shortened to Thargo) is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Bulloo, Queensland, Australia. The town of Thargomindah is the administrative centre for the Shire of Bulloo. In the , the locality of Thargomindah h ... and the Bulloo River, and upstream as far as Norley. Their southern extension went as far as, Clyde, Orient and Currawinya. The descendants of the Kalali speakers mostly live in Brisbane, Cherbourg (the old Aboriginal Mission), and small New South W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
