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Kairouani Calligraphy
Kairouani style (), or Kairouani Kufi style calligraphy (), is one style of Islamic calligraphy. Kairouani calligraphy, originating from Kairouan, Tunisia, is a distinctive early Islamic calligraphy, Islamic script known for its bold, angular form. Emerging during the 11th century, it played a key role in transcribing the Qur’an and religious texts. Unlike the more cursive Kufic , Kufic style, Kairouani script emphasizes geometric precision and upright, monumental strokes. It reflects the austere beauty and spiritual solemnity of North African Islamic art. The script’s thick lines and minimal ornamentation convey both clarity and gravitas. Today, it represents a vital link in the evolution of Arabic calligraphy, showcasing regional identity, cultural heritage, and the sacred traditions of Islamic manuscript art. History The Nurse's Quran (Mushaf al-Hadina) Kairouani style was used for the first time in the Nurse's Quran, finished in 1020 during the last decades of Kairoua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bifolium From The "Nurse's Qur'an" (Mushaf Al-Hadina) MET DP167065
A bifolium is a quartic plane curve with equation in Cartesian coordinates: :(x^2 + y^2)^2 = ax^2y. Construction and equations Given a circle C through a point (geometry), point O, and line (geometry), line L tangent line, tangent to the circle at point O: for each point Q on C, define the point P such that PQ is Parallel (geometry), parallel to the tangent line L, and PQ = OQ. The collection of points P forms the bifolium. In polar coordinates, the bifolium's equation is :\rho=a\sin\theta\cdot\cos^2\theta, :while (first eqn.) :\rho^=a\cdot x^2y,\,\,\rho^2=\pm x\cdot(ay)^. For ''a'' = 1, the total included area (geometry), area is approximately 0.10. See also * Folium of Descartes * Trifolium curve Reference {{Reflist External linkBifolium at MathWorld by Wolfram Plane curves Algebraic curves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colophon (publishing)
In publishing, a colophon () is a brief statement containing information about the publication of a book such as an "imprint" (the place of publication, the publisher, and the date of publication). A colophon may include the device (logo) of a printer or publisher. Colophons are traditionally printed at the ends of books (see History below for the origin of the word), but sometimes the same information appears elsewhere (when it may still be referred to as colophon) and many modern (post-1800) books bear this information on the title page or on the verso of the title leaf, which is sometimes called a ''biblio page'' or (when bearing copyright data) the '' copyright page''. History The term ''colophon'' derives from the Late Latin ''colophōn'', from the Greek κολοφών (meaning "summit" or "finishing touch"). The term colophon was used in 1729 as the bibliographic explication at the end of the book by the English printer Samuel Palmer in his ''The General History of Prin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Word is a word processor program, word processing program developed by Microsoft. It was first released on October 25, 1983, under the name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems. Subsequent versions were later written for several other platforms including IBM PCs running DOS (1983), Apple Macintosh running the Classic Mac OS (1985), AT&T UNIX PC (1985), Atari ST (1988), OS/2 (1989), Microsoft Windows (1989), SCO Unix (1990), Handheld PC (1996), Pocket PC (2000), macOS (2001), Web browsers (2010), iOS (2014), and Android (operating system), Android (2015). Microsoft Word has been the ''de facto'' standard word processing software since the 1990s when it eclipsed WordPerfect. Commercial versions of Word are licensed as a standalone product or as a component of Microsoft Office, which can be purchased with a perpetual license, as part of the Microsoft 365 suite as a Software as a service, subscription, or as a one-time purchase with Office 2024. History In 1981, Microsoft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunisian Calligraphy
Tunisian may refer to: * Someone or something connected to Tunisia *Tunisian Arabic *Tunisian people *Tunisian cuisine *Tunisian culture Tunisian culture is a product of more than three thousand years of history and an important Multiculturalism, multi-ethnic influx. History of Tunisia, Ancient Tunisia was a major civilization crossing through history; different cultures, civili ... {{Disambig Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Khaldun
Ibn Khaldun (27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406, 732–808 Hijri year, AH) was an Arabs, Arab Islamic scholar, historian, philosopher and sociologist. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest social scientists of the Middle Ages, and considered by a number of scholars to be a major forerunner of historiography, sociology, economics, and demography studies. His best-known book, the ''Muqaddimah'' or ''Prolegomena'' ("Introduction"), which he wrote in six months as he states in his autobiography, influenced 17th-century and 19th-century Ottoman historians such as Kâtip Çelebi, Mustafa Naima and Ahmed Cevdet Pasha, who used its theories to analyze the growth and decline of the Ottoman Empire. Ibn Khaldun interacted with Tamerlane, the founder of the Timurid Empire. He has been called one of the most prominent Muslim and Arab scholars and historians. Recently, Ibn Khaldun's works have been compared with those of influential European philosophers such as Niccolò Machiavelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andalusians
The Andalusians () are the people of Andalusia, an autonomous community in southern Spain. Andalusia's statute of autonomy defines Andalusians as the Spanish citizens who reside in any of the municipalities of Andalusia, as well as those Spaniards who reside abroad and had their last Spanish residence in Andalusia, and their descendants. Since reform in 2007, the Andalusian statute of autonomy identifies the territory as a ''historic nationality'' in the preamble. The Spanish Language Academy recognizes Andalusian Spanish as a set of diverse dialects. Andalusian nationalism is the belief that Andalusians are a nation separate from other ethnicities within Spain. History and culture In Antiquity, Andalusian people used to trade with Phoenicians and Jews some thousand years before Christ, and they were called as Tarshish or Tartessos in the Old Testament and Greek texts. The genesis of modern Andalusian culture can be traced to the incorporation of the Moors territory to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kairouani Calligraphy
Kairouani style (), or Kairouani Kufi style calligraphy (), is one style of Islamic calligraphy. Kairouani calligraphy, originating from Kairouan, Tunisia, is a distinctive early Islamic calligraphy, Islamic script known for its bold, angular form. Emerging during the 11th century, it played a key role in transcribing the Qur’an and religious texts. Unlike the more cursive Kufic , Kufic style, Kairouani script emphasizes geometric precision and upright, monumental strokes. It reflects the austere beauty and spiritual solemnity of North African Islamic art. The script’s thick lines and minimal ornamentation convey both clarity and gravitas. Today, it represents a vital link in the evolution of Arabic calligraphy, showcasing regional identity, cultural heritage, and the sacred traditions of Islamic manuscript art. History The Nurse's Quran (Mushaf al-Hadina) Kairouani style was used for the first time in the Nurse's Quran, finished in 1020 during the last decades of Kairoua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunis
Tunis (, ') is the capital city, capital and largest city of Tunisia. The greater metropolitan area of Tunis, often referred to as "Grand Tunis", has about 2,700,000 inhabitants. , it is the third-largest city in the Maghreb region (after Casablanca and Algiers) and the List of largest cities in the Arab world, eleventh-largest in the Arab world. Situated on the Gulf of Tunis, behind the Lake of Tunis and the port of La Goulette (Ḥalq il-Wād), the city extends along the coastal plain and the hills that surround it. At its core lies the Medina of Tunis, Medina, a World Heritage Site. East of the Medina, through the Sea Gate (also known as the ''Bab el Bhar'' and the ''Porte de France''), begins the modern part of the city called "Ville Nouvelle", traversed by the grand Avenue Habib Bourguiba (often referred to by media and travel guides as "the Tunisian Champs-Élysées"), where the colonial-era buildings provide a clear contrast to smaller, older structures. Further east by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copenhagen
Copenhagen ( ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the Urban area of Copenhagen, urban area. The city is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager, separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the Øresund strait. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road. Originally a Vikings, Viking fishing village established in the 10th century in the vicinity of what is now Gammel Strand, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. During the 16th century, the city served as the ''de facto'' capital of the Kalmar Union and the seat of the Union's monarchy, which governed most of the modern-day Nordic countries, Nordic region as part of a Danish confederation with Sweden and Norway. The city flourished as the cultural and economic centre of Scandinavia during the Renaissance. By the 17th century, it had become a regional centre of power, serving as the heart of the Danish government and Military history ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
