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Kaarel Eenpalu
Kaarel Eenpalu (until 1935 Karl August Einbund; – 27 January 1942) was an Estonian journalist, politician and head of state, who served as 7th Prime Minister of Estonia. Early years Eenpalu was educated at the Hugo Treffner Gymnasium in Tartu. Between 1909 and 1914 he studied law at the University of Tartu, and later graduated from Imperial Moscow University. From 1910 to 1912 and in 1915 he was member of the editorial board of the ''Postimees'' ("The Postman") daily in Tartu, in 1918 editor of ''Postimees'', in 1920 editor-in-chief of ''Tallinna Teataja'' ("The Tallinn Gazette") daily, and in 1924 editor-in-chief of the ''Kaja'' ("Echo") newspaper. Eenpalu was active in World War I, serving as a battery commander in the 1st Estonian Artillery Regiment in 1917 and 1918. During the Estonian War of Independence in 1918–1919, he first commanded the Tartu High School students' battalion, and then a battery in the 2nd Estonian Artillery Regiment. Political career Eenpa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonianization
Estonianisation is the changing of one's personal names from other languages into Estonian. Less often, the term has also been applied in the context of the development of Estonian language, culture and identity within educational and other state institutions through various programmes. Family names Before 1918, when Estonia became an independent country, around halfGeorge Kurman, ''The Development Of Written Estonian'', Routledge 1997, , page 85 of the country's ethnic Estonian population carried foreign language (mostly German) or "foreign-sounding", i.e. non-Estonian surnames. In the 1920s, and especially in the 1930s, the government promoted a nationwide voluntary "surname Estonianization campaign". During the campaign about 200.000 of Estonian citizens chose a new surname to replace their original family name. A smaller part of the people also Estonianized their first name(s) at the same time. The Estonianization of names stopped almost completely after the Soviet Union inv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linda Eenpalu
Linda Marie Eenpalu (born Linda Marie Koplus, until 1935 named Einbund; 20 September 1890 – 4 June 1967) was an Estonian politician. She was a member of the National Constituent Assembly (1937) and a Member of the Second Chamber of the National Council (1938) and the first of her gender in both of these positions. She was a well-known women's rights activist. She was married to politician Kaarel Eenpalu Kaarel Eenpalu (until 1935 Karl August Einbund; – 27 January 1942) was an Estonian journalist, politician and head of state, who served as 7th Prime Minister of Estonia. Early years Eenpalu was educated at the Hugo Treffner Gymnasium in ..., who was prime minister in 1938–1939. Biography Eenpalu studied in Tartu in 1911–1912. She was a librarian at Tartu Public Library Society in 1913–1914, at a high school for girls in 1919–1920 and as a teacher at a high school in Stockholm in 1920–26. She was a co-founder of the Estonian Female Student's Society (1911) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupation Of The Baltic States
The occupation of the Baltic states was a period of annexation of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania by the Soviet Union from 1940 until its Dissolution of the Soviet Union, dissolution in 1991. For a period of several years during World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the Baltic states after it invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. The initial Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940), Soviet invasion and occupation of the Baltic states began in June 1940 under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, made between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in August 1939 before the outbreak of World War II. The three independent Baltic states, Baltic countries were annexed as constituent Republics of the Soviet Union in August 1940. Most Western countries did not recognise this annexation, and considered it illegal. In July 1941, the German occupation of the Baltic states during World War II, occupation of the Baltic states by Nazi Germany took place, just weeks after its Operation Barbarossa, invasion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Elder Of Estonia
The State Elder (), sometimes also translated as Head of State, was the official title of the Estonian head of state from 1920 to 1937. He combined some of the functions held by a president and prime minister in most other democracies. According to the 1920 Estonian Constitution, which was enforced by the “Constitution of the Republic of Estonia, the Referendum Act and the Citizens’s Initiative Act Implementation Act“ on July 2, 1920, after being approved by the Constituent Assembly on June 16, 1920 (''Riigi Teataja'' August 9, 1920 No. 113/114), the Government of the Republic consisted of the ''riigivanem'' (State Elder) and Ministers (Section 58). The responsibilities of the State Elder were representing the Republic of Estonia, administration and co-ordination of the activities of the Government of the Republic, chairing the Government meetings; the State Elder had the right to make inquiries about the activities of the Ministers (Section 62). The Government of the Repu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Controller
A comptroller (pronounced either the same as ''controller'' or as ) is a management-level position responsible for supervising the quality of accounting and financial reporting of an organization. A financial comptroller is a senior-level executive who acts as the head of accounting, and oversees the preparation of financial reports, such as balance sheets and income statements. In most Commonwealth countries, the comptroller general, auditor general, or comptroller and auditor general is the external auditor of the budget execution of the government and of government-owned companies. Typically, the independent institution headed by the comptroller general is a member of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions. In American government, the comptroller is effectively the chief financial officer of a public body. In business management, the comptroller is closer to a chief audit executive, holding a senior role in internal audit functions. Generally, the title ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riigikogu
The Riigikogu (, from Estonian ''riigi-'', "of the state", and ''kogu'', "assembly") is the unicameral parliament of Estonia. In addition to approving legislation, the Parliament appoints high officials, including the prime minister and chief justice of the Supreme Court, and elects (either alone or, if necessary, together with representatives of local government within a broader electoral college) the president. Among its other tasks, the Riigikogu also ratifies significant foreign treaties that impose military and proprietary obligations and bring about changes in law, as well as approves the budget presented by the government as law, and monitors the executive power. History History 23 April 1919, the opening session of the Estonian Constituent Assembly is considered the founding date of the Parliament of Estonia. Established under the 1920 constitution, the Riigikogu had 100 members elected for a three-year term on the basis of proportional representation. Elections ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Constituent Assembly
The Estonian Constituent Assembly () was elected on 5–7 April 1919, called by the Estonian Provisional Government during the Estonian War of Independence. Estonian Constituent Assembly elections Activity The 120 members of the Constituent Assembly met at the opening session on 23 April 1919, the birthday of the Estonian Parliament and elected the chairman, Social Democrat August Rei. On 7 May, the Assembly passed the Public Elementary Schools Act: The principle of compulsory and free primary 6-year elementary school education was established. On 8 May 1919, the Estonian provisional government resigned, and the first fully democratically elected Government of Estonia headed by Prime Minister Otto Strandman (Estonian Labor Party) took office. On 15 May, the assembly reaffirmed the Estonian Declaration of Independence, aimed at the international community for recognizing Estonia as an independent state. On 4 June 1919, the Assembly adopted a temporary Constitution of Eston ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian War Of Independence
The Estonian War of Independence, also known as the War of Freedom in Estonia, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Russian westward offensive of 1918–1919 and the 1919 aggression of the pro–German '' Baltische Landeswehr''. The campaign was the struggle of the newly established democratic state of Estonia for independence in the aftermath of World War I. It resulted in a victory for Estonia and was concluded in the 1920 Treaty of Tartu. Preface During the 1917 Russian Revolution, the newly elected provincial legislature ( State Diet or '' Maapäev'') of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia proclaimed itself the highest sovereign authority in Estonia, instead of the new Bolshevik government of Russia. As a result, the local Bolsheviks soon dissolved the ''Maapäev'' and temporarily forced the democratically elected Estonian leadership underground in the capital Tallinn. A few months later, in F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julius Kuperjanovi Matused, Ees Karl Einbund (Kaarel Eenpalu)
Julius may refer to: People * Julius (name), a masculine given name and surname (includes a list of people with the name) * Julius (nomen), the name of a Roman family (includes a list of Ancient Romans with the name) ** Julius Caesar (100–44 BC), Roman military and political leader and one of the most influential men of classical antiquity * Julius (judge royal) (fl. before 1135), noble in the Kingdom of Hungary * Julius, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1812–1884), German noble * Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1528–1589), German noble Arts and entertainment * Julius (''Everybody Hates Chris''), a character from the American sitcom * "Julius" (song), by Phish, 1994 Other uses * Julius (chimpanzee), a chimpanzee at Kristiansand Zoo and Amusement Park in Norway * Julius (month), the month of the ancient Roman calendar originally called ''Quintilis'' and renamed for Julius Caesar * Julius (restaurant), a tavern in Greenwich Village, New York City * Julius (software), a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postimees
is an Estonian daily newspaper established on 5 June 1857, by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. In 1891, it became the first daily newspaper in Estonia. Its current editor-in-chief is Priit Hõbemägi. The paper has approximately 250 employees. ''Postimees'' is currently published five days a week and has the largest circulation and readership in Estonia with 55,000 copies sold during the workweek and over 72,000 on weekends. Ninety-seven per cent of the paper's circulation is subscription-based with only three per cent sold individually. The weekend edition of ''Postimees'', published on Saturdays, includes several separate sections: ''AK'' (), ''Arter'', and a television-guide. The paper is owned by namesake media company Postimees Group (formerly known as Eesti Meedia), which a company owned by entrepreneur Margus Linnamäe has a full control since 2015. History ''Postimees'' is considered to be the oldest newspaper in Estonia. ''Perno Postimees ehk Näddalaleht'' (now '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tartu
Tartu is the second largest city in Estonia after Tallinn. Tartu has a population of 97,759 (as of 2024). It is southeast of Tallinn and 245 kilometres (152 miles) northeast of Riga, Latvia. Tartu lies on the Emajõgi river, which connects the two largest lakes in Estonia, Lake Võrtsjärv and Lake Peipus. From the 13th century until the end of the 19th century, Tartu was known in most of the world by variants of its historical name Dorpat. Tartu, the largest urban centre of southern Estonia, is often considered the "intellectual capital city" of the country, especially as it is home to the nation's oldest and most renowned university, the University of Tartu (founded in 1632). Tartu also houses the Supreme Court of Estonia, the Ministry of Education and Research (Estonia), Ministry of Education and Research, the Estonian National Museum, and the oldest Estonian-language theatre, Vanemuine. It is also the birthplace of the Estonian Song Festivals. Tartu was designated as the E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
