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Johns Hopkins Gender Identity Clinic
The history of transgender care at Johns Hopkins Hospital began in 1966 with its Gender Identity Clinic, founded by John Hoopes, former chief of plastic surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital, and John Money. It remained open for 13 years until its closure in 1979, with the hospital board citing evidence-based studies that sex-reassignment surgery does not have lasting long-term positive effects on those who received care. The department would re-open in 2017 as the Center for Transgender and Gender Expansive Health which provides gender affirming care to this day. 1966: Gender Identity Clinic In November 1966, the Johns Hopkins University would publicly announce the founding of the Gender Identity Clinic, led by John Hoopes, who at the time was the chief of plastic surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. John Money, professor at Johns Hopkins University, would co-found the clinic with Hoopes. It would primarily receive funding from research organization Erickson Educational Foundation, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) is the teaching hospital and biomedical research facility of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1889, Johns Hopkins Hospital and its school of medicine are considered to be the founding institutions of modern American medicine and the birthplace of numerous famed medical traditions, including rounds, residents, and house staff. Several medical specialties were founded at the hospital, including neurosurgery by Harvey Cushing and Walter Dandy, cardiac surgery by Alfred Blalock and Vivien Thomas, and child psychiatry by Leo Kanner. Johns Hopkins Children's Center, which serves infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21, is attached to the hospital. Johns Hopkins Hospital is widely regarded as one of the world's greatest hospitals and medical institutions. For 21 consecutive years from 1991 to 2020, it was ranked as the best overall hospital in the United States by ''U.S. News & World Report''. In its 2019–20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterosexual
Heterosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual behavior between people of the opposite sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, heterosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" to people of the opposite sex. It "also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions." Someone who is heterosexual is commonly referred to as ''straight.'' Along with bisexuality and homosexuality, heterosexuality is one of the three main categories of sexual orientation within the heterosexual–homosexual continuum. Across cultures, most people are heterosexual, and heterosexual activity is by far the most common type of sexual activity. Heterosexuality has mostly been viewed as the normative and most socially dominant form of sexual orientation. Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation, but they theorize t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Journal Of Transgender Health
The ''International Journal of Transgender Health'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on gender dysphoria and gender incongruence, the medical treatment of transgender individuals, social and legal acceptance of gender-affirming surgery, and professional and public education on transgender health. It also publishes the '' Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People'' on behalf of the World Professional Association for Transgender Health of which it is the official journal, guest editorials, policy statements, letters to the editor, and review articles. The journal is published by Taylor & Francis and the editor-in-chief is Damien Riggs (Flinders University). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in CINAHL, the Directory of Open Access Journals, EBSCO databases, PsycINFO, Science Citation Index Expanded, Scopus, and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standards Of Care For The Health Of Transgender And Gender Diverse People
The Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People (SOC) is an international clinical protocol by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) outlining the recommended assessment and treatment for transgender and gender-diverse individuals across the lifespan including social, hormonal, or surgical transition. It often influences clinicians' decisions regarding patients' treatment. While other standards, protocols, and guidelines existespecially outside the United Statesthe WPATH SOC is the most widespread protocol used by professionals working with transgender or gender-variant people. Version 8 of the WPATH SOC, the latest version, was released online on September 15, 2022. History and development Prior to the advent of the first SOC, there was no semblance of consensus on psychiatric, psychological, medical, and surgical requirements or procedures. Before the 1960s, few countries offered safe, legal medical options and many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sexologist
Sexology is the scientific study of human sexuality, including human sexual interests, behaviors, and functions. The term ''sexology'' does not generally refer to the non-scientific study of sexuality, such as social criticism. Sexologists apply tools from several academic fields, such as anthropology, biology, medicine, psychology, epidemiology, sociology, and criminology. Topics of study include sexual development (puberty), sexual orientation, gender identity, sexual relationships, sexual activities, paraphilias, and atypical sexual interests. It also includes the study of sexuality across the lifespan, including child sexuality, puberty, adolescent sexuality, and sexuality among the elderly. Sexology also spans sexuality among those with mental or physical disabilities. The sexological study of sexual dysfunctions and disorders, including erectile dysfunction and anorgasmia, are also mainstays. History Early Sex manuals have existed for centuries, such as Ovid's , the ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endocrinologist
Endocrinology (from ''endocrine'' + '' -ology'') is a branch of biology and medicine dealing with the endocrine system, its diseases, and its specific secretions known as hormones. It is also concerned with the integration of developmental events proliferation, growth, and differentiation, and the psychological or behavioral activities of metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sleep, digestion, respiration, excretion, mood, stress, lactation, movement, reproduction, and sensory perception caused by hormones. Specializations include behavioral endocrinology and comparative endocrinology. The endocrine system consists of several glands, all in different parts of the body, that secrete hormones directly into the blood rather than into a duct system. Therefore, endocrine glands are regarded as ductless glands. Hormones have many different functions and modes of action; one hormone may have several effects on different target organs, and, conversely, one target o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harry Benjamin
Harry Benjamin (January 12, 1885 – August 24, 1986) was a German-American endocrinologist and sexologist, widely known for his clinical work with transgender people. Early life and career Benjamin was born in Berlin, and raised in a German Lutheran home. His mother was German and his father at least part-Jewish in ancestry. He joined a regiment of the Prussian Guard. He received his doctorate in medicine in 1912 in Tübingen for a dissertation on tuberculosis. Sexual medicine interested him, but was not part of his medical studies. In a 1985 interview he recalled: Benjamin visited the United States in 1913, to work with a quack doctor who claimed to have found a cure for tuberculosis. The liner in which Benjamin was returning to Germany was caught mid-Atlantic both by the outbreak of the First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association
The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH), formerly the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association (HBIGDA), is a professional organization devoted to the understanding and treatment of gender identity and gender dysphoria, and creating standardized treatment for transgender and gender variant people. WPATH was founded in 1979 and named HBIGDA in honor of Harry Benjamin during a period where there was no clinical consensus on how and when to provide gender-affirming care. Founding members included Dr. Harry Benjamin, Paul A. Walker, Richard Green, Jack C. Berger, Donald R. Laub, Charles L. Reynolds Jr., Leo Wollman and Jude Patton. WPATH is mostly known for the Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People (SOC). Early versions of the SOC mandated strict gatekeeping of transition by psychologists and psychiatrists and framed transgender identity as a mental illness. Beginning in approximately 2010, WPATH bega ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Journal Of Psychiatry
''The American Journal of Psychiatry'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of psychiatry, and is the official journal of the American Psychiatric Association. The first volume was issued in 1844, at which time it was known as the ''American Journal of Insanity''. The title changed to the current form with the July issue of 1943. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 18.112. Ethical concerns Several complaints, including legal cases, have charged ''The American Journal of Psychiatry'' with being complicit in pharmaceutical industry corruption of clinical trial results. In a Department of Justice case against Forest Pharmaceuticals, Forest pleaded guilty to the charges of misbranding the drug Celexa (citalopram). The Complaint in Intervention clearly identifies a 2004 ghostwritten article published in ''The American Journal of Psychiatry'' in the names of Wagner ''et al.'' as a part of this illegal market ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chairman
The chair, also chairman, chairwoman, or chairperson, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the group or organisation, presides over meetings of the group, and is required to conduct the group's business in an orderly fashion. In some organizations, the chair is also known as '' president'' (or other title). In others, where a board appoints a president (or other title), the two terms are used for distinct positions. The term chairman may be used in a neutral manner, not directly implying the gender of the holder. In meetings or conferences, to "chair" something (chairing) means to lead the event. Terminology Terms for the office and its holder include ''chair'', ''chairman'', ''chairwoman'', ''chairperson'', ''convenor'', ''facilitator'', '' moderator'', ''president'', and ''presiding officer''. The chair of a parliamentary chamb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LGBTQ
LGBTQ people are individuals who are lesbian, Gay men, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning (sexuality and gender), questioning. Many variants of the initialism are used; LGBTQIA+ people incorporates intersex, Asexuality, asexual, Aromanticism, aromantic, agender, and other individuals. The group is generally conceived as broadly encompassing all individuals who are part of a Sexual and gender minorities, sexual or gender minority, including all Sexual orientation, sexual orientations, romantic orientations, gender identities, and sex characteristics that are Non-heterosexual, not heterosexual, heteroromantic, cisgender, or endosex, respectively. Scope and terminology A broad array of sexual and gender minority identities are usually included in who is considered LGBTQ. The term ''gender, sexual, and romantic minorities'' is sometimes used as an alternative umbrella term for this group. Groups that make up the larger group of LGBTQ people include: * People with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pathologization
Medicalization is the process by which human conditions and problems come to be defined and treated as medical conditions, and thus become the subject of medical study, diagnosis, prevention, or treatment. Medicalization can be driven by new evidence or hypotheses about conditions; by changing social attitudes or economic considerations; or by the development of new medications or treatments. Medicalization is studied from a sociologic perspective in terms of the role and power of professionals, patients, and corporations, and also for its implications for ordinary people whose self-identity and life decisions may depend on the prevailing concepts of health and illness. Once a condition is classified as medical, a medical model of disability tends to be used in place of a social model. Medicalization may also be termed ''pathologization'' or (pejoratively) "disease mongering". Since medicalization is the social process through which a condition becomes seen as a medical disease i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
