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Jean Pierre Chardenon
Jean Pierre Chardenon (1714 – 16 March 1769) was a French physician and chemist. Chardenon theorized on the medical aspects of chemistry including an attempt to explain the composition and origin of organic oils which he explained as being made up of acid, water, phlogiston, and earth. Chardenon was born in Dijon to Guillaume and Marguerite Canquoin. He was baptized on 22 July 1714. Little is known of his education but his death certificate claimed that he studied medicine at Montpellier, but no such records exist. He became a surgeon in Paris but gave it up for a physician position in Dijon where he joined the one-year-old Academie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Dijon, serving as its secretary from 1752 for a decade. He connected ideas from physics with those in chemistry and from there to medicine. He interpreted the weight increase of metals upon calcination in 1762 as being due to the loss of phlogiston and used the analogy of a fishnet being buoyed up by corks. Onc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlogiston Theory
The phlogiston theory, a superseded scientific theory, postulated the existence of a fire-like element dubbed phlogiston () contained within combustible bodies and released during combustion. The name comes from the Ancient Greek (''burning up''), from (''flame''). The idea of a substance was first proposed in 1667 by Johann Joachim Becher and later put together more formally in 1697 by Georg Ernst Stahl. Phlogiston theory attempted to explain chemical processes such as combustion and rusting, now collectively known as oxidation. The theory was challenged by the concomitant mass increase and was abandoned before the end of the 18th century following experiments by Antoine Lavoisier in the 1770s and by other scientists. Phlogiston theory led to experiments that ultimately resulted in the identification (), and naming (1777), of oxygen by Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier, respectively. Theory Phlogiston theory states that ''phlogisticated'' substances contain phlo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dijon
Dijon (, ; ; in Burgundian language (Oïl), Burgundian: ''Digion'') is a city in and the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Côte-d'Or Departments of France, department and of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Regions of France, region in eastern France. the Communes of France, commune had a population of 156,920. The earliest archaeological finds within the city limits of Dijon date to the Neolithic Period (geology), period. Dijon later became a Roman Empire, Roman settlement named ''Divio'', located on the road between Lyon and Paris. The province was home to the Duke of Burgundy, Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th centuries, and Dijon became a place of tremendous wealth and power, one of the great European centres of art, learning, and science. The city has retained varied architectural styles from many of the main periods of the past millennium, including Capetian, Gothic architecture, Gothic, and Renaissance architecture, Renaissance. Many still-i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montpellier
Montpellier (; ) is a city in southern France near the Mediterranean Sea. One of the largest urban centres in the region of Occitania (administrative region), Occitania, Montpellier is the prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Hérault. At the 2020 census, 299,096 people lived in the city proper, while its Functional area (France), metropolitan area had a population of 813,272. The inhabitants are called ''Montpelliérains''. In the Middle Ages, Montpellier was an important city of the Crown of Aragon (and was the birthplace of James I of Aragon, James I), and then of Kingdom of Majorca, Majorca, before its sale to France in 1349. Established in 1220, the University of Montpellier is one of the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, oldest universities in the world and has the oldest medical school still in operation, with notable alumni such as Petrarch, Nostradamus and François Rabelais. Above the medieval city, the ancient citadel of Montpelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Académie Des Sciences, Arts Et Belles-Lettres De Dijon
The Académie de Dijon was founded by Hector-Bernard Pouffier, the most senior member of the Parlement de Bourgogne, in 1725. It received royal ''lettres patentes'' in 1740. In 1775, it became the "Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Dijon." From 1855 to 1869, it was called the "Académie Impériale des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Dijon" before returning in 1870 to the name "Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Dijon." In July 1750, it sponsored a prize competition on the question of "whether the reestablishment of the sciences and the arts contributed to purifying morals." Jean-Jacques Rousseau won the prize by arguing in the negative, in his Discourse on the Arts and Sciences. In 1754, he again competed for the prize with his Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men, but did not win the prize that year. The Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Dijon still exists, and still offers the prize. Famous members * C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis-Bernard Guyton De Morveau
Louis-Bernard Guyton, Baron de Morveau (also Louis-Bernard Guyton-Morveau after the French Revolution; 4 January 1737 – 2 January 1816) was a French chemist, politician, and aeronaut. He is credited with producing the first systematic method of chemical nomenclature. Early career Guyton de Morveau was born in Dijon, where he served as a lawyer, then '' avocat général'', of the Dijon ''parlement''. In 1773, already interested in chemistry, he proposed use of "muriatic acid gas" for fumigation of buildings and as a result is sometimes given credit for having suggested chlorine in this use. However, chlorine was not well characterized at that time, and hydrogen chloride (made by reacting sodium chloride and sulfuric acid) was actually the active gaseous fumigation agent. He was criticized by Jean Pierre Chardenon who told him that he should rest in his literary achievements and stay way from chemistry. This challenge led to his resigning his post in 1782 to dedicate himself ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1714 Births
Events January–March * January 21 – After being tricked into deserting a battle against India's Mughal Empire by the rebel Sayyid brothers, Prince Azz-ud-din Mirza is blinded on orders of the Emperor Farrukhsiyar as punishment. * February 7 – The Siege of Tönning (a fortress of the Swedish Empire and now located in Germany in the state of Schleswig-Holstein) ends after almost a year, as Danish forces force the surrender of the remaining 1,600 defenders. The fortress is then leveled by the Danes. * February 28 – (February 17 old style) Russia's Tsar Peter the Great issues a decree requiring compulsory education in mathematics for children of government officials and nobility, applying to children between the ages of 10 and 15 years old. * March 2 – (February 19 old style) The Battle of Storkyro is fought between troops of the Swedish Empire and the Russian Empire, near what is now the village of Napue in Finland. The outnumbered Swedish forces, under the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1769 Deaths
Events January–March * February 2 – Pope Clement XIII dies, the night before preparing an order to dissolve the Jesuits.Denis De Lucca, ''Jesuits and Fortifications: The Contribution of the Jesuits to Military Architecture in the Baroque Age'' (BRILL, 2012) pp315-316 * February 17 – The British House of Commons votes not to allow MP John Wilkes to take his seat after he wins a by-election, on the grounds that he was an outlaw when standing. * March 4 – Mozart departs Italy, after the last of his three tours there. * March 16 – Louis Antoine de Bougainville returns to Saint-Malo, following a three-year circumnavigation of the world with the ships '' La Boudeuse'' and '' Étoile'', with the loss of only seven out of 330 men; among the members of the expedition is Jeanne Baré, the first woman known to have circumnavigated the globe. She returns to France some time after Bougainville and his ships. April–June * April 13 – Jam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People From Dijon
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation. Concepts Legal Chapter One, Article One of the Charter of the United Nations states that "peoples" have the right to self-determination. Though the mere status as peoples and the right to self-determination, as for example in the case of Indigenous peoples (''peoples'', as in all groups of indigenous people, not merely all indigenous persons as in ''indigenous people''), does not automatically provide for independent sovereignty and therefore secession. Indeed, judge Ivor Jennings identified the inherent problems in the right of "peoples" to self-determination, as i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
