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Jaher Ayo
Jaher Ayo ( Santali:ᱡᱟᱦᱮᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ) or Jahera Mai, is the supreme deity of productivity, prosperity, and the savior of mankind in Sarnaism and Sari Dharam, followed by the native Santal tribal people in India, Bangladesh and Nepal. She is also the consort of the supreme deity Marang Buru Marang Buru, also written Maran Buru; ( Santali:ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ) is a supreme deity of Santal, Bhumij, Ho and Munda tribes residing in India, Bangladesh, Nepal. This creator is variously called Marang Buru (meaning "Supreme Deity .... Literally, in Santali ''Jaher Ayo'' means ᱡᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ (ᱡᱤᱣᱤ) ᱮ-ᱮᱨ ᱤᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱳ / ᱜᱚᱜᱚ (Jang Baha E-erid Ayo), which translates to "The Mother of Life." Scriptures The details of Jaher Ayo can be found in ''Jomsim binti'', ''Karam binti'', compiled by Dhirendranath Baskey, and ''Kherwal Bonso Dhorom Puthi''. References {{Authority control Santhal Indian deities Sacred groves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santali Language
Santali (, , , , ) is a Kherwarian languages, Kherwarian Munda languages, Munda language spoken natively by the Santals, Santal people of South Asia. It is the most widely-spoken language of the Munda subfamily of the Austroasiatic languages, related to Ho language, Ho and Mundari language, Mundari, spoken mainly in the Indian states of Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Mizoram, Odisha, Tripura and West Bengal. It is a recognised regional language of India as per the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India, Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. It is spoken by around 7.6 million people in India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal, making it the third most-spoken Austroasiatic languages, Austroasiatic language after Vietnamese language, Vietnamese and Khmer language, Khmer. Santali was a mainly oral language until developments were made by European missionaries to write it in Bengali script, Bengali, Odia script, Odia and Roman scripts. Eventually, the Ol Chiki script was developed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarnaism
Sarnaism is a religious faith of the Indian subcontinent, predominantly followed by indigenous communities of the Chota Nagpur Plateau region across states such as Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar, and Chhattisgarh. The essence of the Sarna faith revolves around nature worship. Its core principles emphasize ''jal'' (water), ''jaṅgal'' (forest) and ''jamīn'' (land), with adherents offering prayers to trees and hills while believing in the protection of forests. This belief centers around the reverence of Sarna, the sacred groves of village communities, where the village deity, known as Gram Deota resides, and where sacrificial offerings are made twice a year. It is also referred to as "Sarna Dharma" or the "Religion of the Holy Woods", and it holds the distinction of being India's largest tribal religion. Etymology The term " Sarna", derived from the Mundari language, means "sacred grove" and refers to sites where tribal religious practices take place. However, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sari Dharam
Sari Dharam is the religion of the Santal people residing in India. It is one of the religious beliefs in the eastern regions of Indian states such as Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, and Assam. However, Santals also practice Sarnaism. Demographics According to the 2011 census of India, there are 506,369 followers of Sari Dharam in India, primarily from the Santal tribe of West Bengal, who make up 94.43% of the total Sari Dharam adherents. Scriptures *''Kherwal Bansa Dhorom Puthi'' written by Majhi Ramdas Tudu consists of the practices for worshiping by ''Sari Hor Hopon''. *''Jomsim Binti'' is another notable scripture which reveals the appraisal of the supreme deity Marang Buru, ''Jaher Ayo'', ''Moreko Turuiko'' and ''sawtenko''. *''Sari Dharam Sereng Puthi'', a collection of Holy Hymn in Santali language, Santali compiled by Sadhu Ramchand Murmu is stored in several Indian universities like Vidyasagar University, West Bengal and abroad. *''Marang Buru Sari Dharam' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaherthan
Jaherthan, also known as Jahirathan or Jahergarh (Hindi: जाहेरथान, जाहिराथान, जाहेरगढ़), is a sacred grove that is considered the residence of Jaher Ayo and is a worship site for the Santal, Bhumij, Paharia and Bedia tribes in India and Bangladesh. It is a characteristic feature of Bhumij and Santal villages, typically located on the village's outskirts, where many holy spirits reside and where a series of annual festivals take place. The grove is designated during the village's founding and remains undisturbed except during festivals. Inside the grove, a series of uncut stones represent the ''Bongas'' (spirits), for which they are not considered substitutes except during festival rituals. Religion The Jaherthan is a sacred worship site for followers of Sarna and Sari Dharam, notably the Santal, Bhumij, Bedia and other tribes. Role in tribal society Among the Santals and Bhumijs, the Jaherthan is a communal space where the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarhul
Sarhul is a spring festival celebrated in the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Jharkhand, marking the commencement of the new year. The festival lasts for three days, from the third day of the Chaitra month in Shukla Paksha to Chaitra Purnima. During the festival, the village priest, known as the ''Pahan'' offers a sacrifice of flowers, fruits, vermilion, a rooster, and tapan (liquor) in the Sarna (place), Sarna to the Sun, the village deity, and the ancestors for the prosperity of the village. After the rituals, locals dance while holding Shorea robusta, Sal flowers. According to tradition, Sarhul also symbolizes the marriage between the Earth and the Sun. It is an important festival observed by the Kurukh people, Kurukh and Sadan people, Sadan communities. Among the Kurukh, it is known as Khaddi (meaning "flower" in the Kurukh language). The festival is called Hadi Bonga among the Bhumij people, Bhumijs, while among the Ho people, Ho and Munda people, it is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baha Parab
Baha parab, also known as Baa parab, is a spring festival celebrated by the Ho, Santhal, Munda and other tribal communities in India. The word "Baha" or "Baa" means flower. During Baha parab, men, women and children dress in traditional attire, offer flowers to the deities ''Marang Buru'' and ''Jaher Ayo'', and celebrate with the beating of Madal and Tamak (drums) while dancing in traditional tribal style. Celebration Marking the festival, the ''naike'' or ''deuri'' (the priest) performs a ritual. A ''kula'' with flowers and leaves of the Sal tree is offered at the Jaherthan Jaherthan, also known as Jahirathan or Jahergarh (Hindi: जाहेरथान, जाहिराथान, जाहेरगढ़), is a sacred grove that is considered the residence of Jaher Ayo and is a worship site for the Santal, Bhu ... (the altar), and devotees pray to Jaher Era, the deity. After performing the rituals, the naike, along with others, goes from door to door with the ''kula'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sohrai
Sohrai is a harvest festival celebrated in the Indian states of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Bihar. It is also called the cattle festival. The festival is observed after the harvest and coincides with Govardhan Puja during Diwali. In Santal Parganas, it is celebrated in the month of January. It is observed by the Santal people, Santal, Bhumij people, Bhumij, Sadan people, Sadan, Oraons, Oraon, Ho people, Ho and Munda people, Munda communities, among others. It is celebrated on Amavasya of the Hindu month of Kartik (month), Kartik, which falls in October–November. In Santal Parganas, it is celebrated in January, between the 10th and 15th. During this festival, people fast, paint their houses, and prepare food. At night, they light earthen lamps in the cattle sheds and offer sacrifices to Gaurea, the deity of animals. Celebration Sohrai is a harvest festival celebrated after the harvest. It is observed on Amavasya (new moon) in the Hindu month of Kartik (mon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marang Buru
Marang Buru, also written Maran Buru; ( Santali:ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ) is a supreme deity of Santal, Bhumij, Ho and Munda tribes residing in India, Bangladesh, Nepal. This creator is variously called Marang Buru (meaning "Supreme Deity" or literally "The Great Mountain") and is regarded as the "cause of all causes," making the tribal religion deeply monotheistic as well as pantheistic. It is a hill, which is considered a deity by the Santals. Worship and Rituals Marang Buru doctrines are found in the both Sarna Dharam and Sari Dharam. The deity is worshipped by tribal priests known as ''Naike'' among the Santal, ''Laya'' or ''Deuri'' among the Bhumij, ''Pahan'' among the Munda, and ''Dehuri'' among the Ho tribes. The local hills and mountains positioned below the supreme hill deity, Marang Buru. Scriptures The worship and holy hymns praising Marang Buru have been compiled in ''Kherwal Bonso Dhorom Puthi'' by Majhi Ramdas Tudu, ''Jomsim Binti Itikatha'' by Somai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santal
The Santal (or Santhal) are an Austroasiatic languages, Austroasiatic-speaking Munda peoples, Munda ethnic group of the Indian subcontinent. Santals are the largest tribe in the Jharkhand and West Bengal in terms of population and are also found in the states of Odisha, Bihar, Assam and Tripura. They are the largest ethnic minority in northern Bangladesh's Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division. They have a sizeable population in Nepal. The Santals speak Santali language, Santali, the most widely spoken Munda languages of Austroasiatic languages, Austroasiatic language family. Etymology Santal is most likely derived from an exonym. The term refers to inhabitants of in erstwhile Silda, West Bengal, Silda in Midnapore, Medinapore region in West Bengal. The Sanskrit word ''Samant'' or Bengali ''Saont'' means plain land. Their ethnonym is ("child of human"). History Origins According to linguist Paul Sidwell, Austro-Asiatic language speakers probably arrived on the coast of Od ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations averag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bangladesh
Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eighth-most populous country in the world and among the List of countries and dependencies by population density, most densely populated with a population of over 171 million within an area of . Bangladesh shares land borders with India to the north, west, and east, and Myanmar to the southeast. It has a coastline along the Bay of Bengal to its south and is separated from Bhutan and Nepal by the Siliguri Corridor, and from China by the List of Indian states, Indian state of Sikkim to its north. Dhaka, the capital and list of cities and towns in Bangladesh, largest city, is the nation's political, financial, and cultural centre. Chittagong is the second-largest city and the busiest port of the country. The territory of modern Bangladesh was a stronghold of many List of Buddhist kingdoms and empires, Buddhist and List of Hindu empir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepal
Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China China–Nepal border, to the north, and India India–Nepal border, to the south, east, and west, while it is narrowly separated from Bangladesh by the Siliguri Corridor, and from Bhutan by the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Sikkim. Nepal has a Geography of Nepal, diverse geography, including Terai, fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten List of highest mountains#List, tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and List of cities in Nepal, its largest city. Nepal is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-religious, and multi-cultural state, with Nepali language, Nepali as the official language. The name "Nepal" is first record ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
