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Jadar (Drinjača)
Jadar is a river in the northeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It originates from the Zeleni and Studeni Jadar, which meet in Milići. The Studeni Jadar springs out in the village of Zalukovik near Vlasenica, and the Zeleni below Kuka hill (1100 m). It also flows through a canyon with steep almost vertical slopes. It flows into the Drinjača near Kušlat fortress. The Jadar basin divides the areas of historic ''župa''s, Birać and Ludmer. The Drinjača including its major tributaries like Jadar is a natural spawning ground for huchen, and now there are grayling and brown trout. All these fish species are endangered by overfishing by the local population living on the riverbanks, but most of all by pollution. The river is polluted by the bauxite mine from Milići, which discharges its wastewater into the river. During the year, this water is completely red with ore. Upstream of Milići, both Jadar's are unpolluted and clear rivers, without settlements and human act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drinjača
Drinjača (Serbian Cyrillic: Дрињача) is a left tributary of the Drina in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. It rises on the mountain of Konjuh (mountain), Konjuh (1,326 m) 15 km northwest of Kladanj at an elevation of about 1,000 m and ends after 87.5 km in the Drina, south of Zvornik. The catchment area covers 1,091 km². The river Drinjača offers terrains for recreational fishing on salmonids and numerous other fish species, but is primarily an important spawning ground for huchen and nase, both of which enter the river from the Drina river. References Rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina Zvornik Glasinac plateau Hucho habitats in Bosnia and Herzegovina Recreational fishing in Bosnia and Herzegovina {{BosniaHerzegovina-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludmer
Ludmer ( sr-cyr, Лудмер) is a historical and mountainous region around Bratunac, in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, part of the wider Birač and Podrinje regions. It borders the Osat region. The region is inhabited by ethnic Serbs and Bosniaks. It was a ''nahiya A nāḥiyah ( , plural ''nawāḥī'' ), also nahiyeh, nahiya or nahia, is a regional or local type of administrative division that usually consists of a number of villages or sometimes smaller towns. In Tajikistan, it is a second-level divisi ...'' during the Ottoman period. References Sources * * * {{Regions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, state=collapsed Historical regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina Župas of the medieval Bosnian state Former subdivisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina during Ottoman period ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nobel Laureate
The Nobel Prizes (, ) are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. An additional prize in memory of Alfred Nobel was established in 1968 by Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) for outstanding contributions to the field of economics. Each recipient, a Nobelist or '' laureate'', receives a gold medal, a diploma, and a sum of money which is decided annually by the Nobel Foundation. Prize Different organisations are responsible for awarding the individual prizes; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics; the Swedish Academy awards the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mosque
A mosque ( ), also called a masjid ( ), is a place of worship for Muslims. The term usually refers to a covered building, but can be any place where Salah, Islamic prayers are performed; such as an outdoor courtyard. Originally, mosques were simple places of prayer for the early Muslims, and may have been open spaces rather than elaborate buildings. In the first stage of Islamic architecture (650–750 CE), early mosques comprised open and closed covered spaces enclosed by walls, often with minarets, from which the Adhan, Islamic call to prayer was issued on a daily basis. It is typical of mosque buildings to have a special ornamental niche (a ''mihrab'') set into the wall in the direction of the city of Mecca (the ''qibla''), which Muslims must face during prayer, as well as a facility for ritual cleansing (''wudu''). The pulpit (''minbar''), from which public sermons (''khutbah'') are delivered on the event of Friday prayer, was, in earlier times, characteristic of the central ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bauxite
Bauxite () is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)), and diaspore (α-AlO(OH)), Mixture, mixed with the two iron oxides goethite (FeO(OH)) and haematite (), the aluminium Clay minerals, clay mineral kaolinite () and small amounts of anatase () and ilmenite ( or ). Bauxite appears dull in Lustre (mineralogy), luster and is reddish-brown, white, or tan. In 1821, the French people, French geologist Pierre Berthier discovered bauxite near the village of Les Baux-de-Provence, Les Baux in Provence, southern France. Formation Numerous classification schemes have been proposed for bauxite but, , there was no consensus. Vadász (1951) distinguished Laterite, lateritic bauxites (silicate bauxites) from karst bauxite ores (carbonate bauxites): * The carbonate bauxites occur predominantly in Europe, Guyana, Suriname, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brown Trout
The brown trout (''Salmo trutta'') is a species of salmonid ray-finned fish and the most widely distributed species of the genus ''Salmo'', endemic to most of Europe, West Asia and parts of North Africa, and has been widely introduced globally as a game fish, even becoming one of the world's worst invasive species outside of its native range. Brown trout are highly adaptable and have evolved numerous ecotypes/subspecies. These include three main ecotypes: a riverine ecotype called river trout or ''Salmo trutta'' morpha ''fario''; a lacustrine ecotype or ''S. trutta'' morpha ''lacustris'', also called the lake trout (not to be confused with the lake trout in North America); and anadromous populations known as the sea trout or ''S. trutta'' morpha ''trutta'', which upon adulthood migrate downstream to the oceans for much of its life and only returns to fresh water to spawn in the gravel beds of headstreams. Sea trout in Ireland and Great Britain have many regional names: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thymallus Thymallus
''Thymallus thymallus'', the grayling or European grayling, is a species of freshwater fish in the salmon family (biology), family Salmonidae. It is the only species of the genus ''Thymallus'' (the graylings) native to Europe, where it is widespread from the United Kingdom and France to the Ural Mountains in Russia, and Balkans on the south-east, but does not occur in the southern parts of the continent. It was introduced to Morocco in 1948, but it does not appear to have become established there. Description The grayling grows to a maximum recorded length of and a maximum recorded weight of . Of typical ''Thymallus'' appearance, the grayling proper is distinguished from the similar Arctic grayling (''T. arcticus arcticus'') by the presence of 5–8 dorsal fin, dorsal and 3–4 anal fin, anal spines, which are absent in the other species; ''T. thymallus'' also has a smaller number of soft rays in these fins. Individuals of the species have been recorded as reaching an age of 14 y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huchen
The huchen (''Hucho hucho'') (, from German), also known as Danube salmon or redfish (), is a large species of freshwater fish in the family Salmonidae native to the Danube basin in Central and Eastern Europe. It is the type species of genus '' Hucho'' (a.k.a. the taimens), being closely related (in the same subfamily) to salmon, trout, char and lenoks. Distribution The huchen is endemic to the Danube basin in Europe where the remaining population is threatened primarily by river damming, resulting in habitat fragmentation and loss through river impoundment and disruption of the longitudinal continuity of rivers, cutting away fish from its spawning grounds, with overfishing and fisheries mismanagement as an additional issue in many areas. Damming and all these other problems are especially visible in the Balkans. The upper reaches of the Danube basin, rivers and tributaries contain almost all of the recent population. This includes: *In Austria: the Inn river, the up ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birač (region)
Birač ( sr-cyr, Бирач) is a region of eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina comprising the municipalities of Milići, Vlasenica, Srebrenica, Bratunac, Zvornik and Šekovići. History Yugoslavia In November 1990 multi-party elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the first time since the Second World War. The principal element of the political platform of the SDS was the goal of unifying ethnic Serbs in a common state. The outcome of the election meant that the SDS would not be able to ensure that Bosnia and Herzegovina continue to be part of a Serb-dominated Yugoslavia through democratic and peaceful means alone. The Bosnian Serbs began to organise certain areas of BiH into formal regional structures as "Associations of Municipalities", a form of structure that was already provided for under the 1974 Yugoslav constitutional regime. These Associations were nominally non-ethnic but were the first step toward establishing separate Bosnian Serb governmental bodies in Bos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danube
The Danube ( ; see also #Names and etymology, other names) is the List of rivers of Europe#Longest rivers, second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest south into the Black Sea. A large and historically important river, it was once a frontier of the Roman Empire. In the 21st century, it connects ten European countries, running through their territories or marking a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , passing through or bordering Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova, and Ukraine. Among the many List of cities and towns on the river Danube, cities on the river are four national capitals: Vienna, Bratislava, Budapest, and Belgrade. Its drainage basin amounts to and extends into nine more countries. The Danube's longest headstream, the Breg (river), Breg, rises in Furtwangen im Schwarzwald, while the river carries its name from its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
župa
A župa, or zhupa, is a historical type of administrative division in Southeast Europe and Central Europe, that originated in medieval South Slavs, South Slavic culture, commonly translated as "county" or "parish". It was mentioned for the first time in the eighth century and was initially used by the South Slavs, South and West Slavs, denoting various territorial units of which the leader was the župan. In modern Serbo-Croatian, the term also refers to an ecclesiastical parish, in Slovene language, Slovene likewise for ''župnija'', while the related ''županija'' is used in Croatia for lower administrative subdivisions, and likewise by Croats from Bosnia and Herzegovina (as a synonym for ''kanton''). Etymology The word ''župa'' or ' (Slovak language, Slovak and Czech language, Czech: ; Polish language, Polish: ; Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian language, Bulgarian: ; adopted into and rendered in Greek language, Greek as (, "land ruled by a župan")), is derived from Slavic lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kušlat
Kušlat, also Kučlat, is medieval fortress in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The fortress is located south of Zvornik, not far from Paljević, above the confluence of the Jadar and Drinjača, in Zvornik municipality. The fortress had its own ''podgrađe'' (), with a ''trg'' or ''trgovište'' (), and was called Podkučlat. Podkučlat also had a medieval custom for collecting taxes from merchants who traded goods in the region. Etymology In the charter of Bosnian King Stjepan Ostoja from 1417, a witness was mentioned with a name Nikola Kušlatović (Latin: Cuclatovich). In historiography it is presumed that the town was called Kušlat or Kučlat after this family. Location The fortress is located south of Zvornik, on a vertical rock about a hundred meters high above the confluence of the Jadar and Drinjača, not far from Paljević village, Zvornik municipality. The fortress belonged to the Bosnian royal domain in the medieval župa of Trebotić. Development and description The Ku ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
