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Izium Trail
The Izium Trail or Izium Warpath (, ) was a historic route used by the Crimean Nogays in the 16th and 17th centuries. It branched off the Muravsky Trail at the upper reaches of the Oril river and, after crossing the Seversky Donets at a convenient ford near Izium, continued north along the Oskil river. It allowed the invaders to penetrate into Sloboda Ukraine Sloboda Ukraine, also known locally as ''Slobozhanshchyna'' or ''Slobozhanshchina'', is a historical region in northeastern Ukraine and southwestern Russia. It developed from Belgorod Razriad and flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries on the ... and then invade Muscovite Russia. In the mid-17th century, the route fell into disuse after the construction of fortifications in the area like the and the . See also * Black Trail References {{ukraine-geo-stub Roads in Ukraine Crimean Khanate Tsardom of Russia Donets basin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muravsky Trail
Muravsky Trail or Murava Route (; ) was an important trade route and an invasion route of the Crimean Nogays during the Russo-Crimean Wars of the 16th and early 17th centuries. As described in the Book to the Great Chart of Muscovy (1627), the route went north from the Tatar fortress of Or Qapı ( Perekop), the gateway of the Crimean peninsula, east of the Dnieper, to the Russian fortress of Tula, 193 km south of Moscow. To avoid major river crossings, the route followed the high ground between the basins of the Dnieper and Don, making an almost straight line from the Dnieper bend to Tula. It ran mostly through thinly populated tallgrass steppe country ('Muravá' is an old Slavic word for prairie or grassland) avoiding forests, marshes and river crossings. Apart from the main route, there were a number of branches and bypaths, of which the Kalmius Trail and the Izium Trail were by far the most important. Between 1500 and 1550, 43 Tatar raids used this trail. In the wak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oril
The Oril () is a river in Ukraine, a left tributary of the river Dnieper. It is long and its basin area is . The Oril finds its source near the village of Yefremivka in Lozova Raion, . It flows into the Dnieper near the city Dnipro
Dnipro is Ukraine's fourth-largest ...
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Seversky Donets
The Seversky Donets () or Siverskyi Donets (), usually simply called the Donets (), is a river on the south of the East European Plain. It originates in the Central Russian Upland, north of Belgorod, flows south-east through Ukraine (Kharkiv, Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts) and then again through Russia (Rostov Oblast) to join the river Don, about from the Sea of Azov. The Donets is the fourth-longest river in Ukraine, and the largest in eastern Ukraine, where it is an important source of fresh water. It gives its name to the Donets Basin, known commonly as the Donbas, an important coal-mining and industrial region in Ukraine. Etymology The names ''Don'' and its diminutive ''Donets'' are derived from Iranic, Sarmatian "the river".Mallory, J.P. and Victor H. Mair. ''The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West''. London: Thames and Hudson, 2000. p. 106 Scytho-Sarmatians inhabited the areas to the north of the Black Sea from 110 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Izium
Izium or Izyum (, ; ) is a city on the Donets River in Kharkiv Oblast, eastern Ukraine that serves as the administrative center of Izium Raion and Izium urban hromada. It is about southeast of the city of Kharkiv, the oblast's administrative center. Izium has a population of making it the second-most populous city in Kharkiv Oblast behind Kharkiv proper. It has held economic significance for centuries due to its position as a transportation link between Kharkiv and the Donbas region to the southeast. The area around Izium has been periodically inhabited since ancient times, but the modern city has its origins in a 17th-century fortress defending against Tatars, Tatar raids. Izium was the site of several battles during World War II, but still grew rapidly during the 20th century due to its importance as a transport hub. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian forces occupied the city in April 2022 after Battle of Izium, a battle that destroyed much of the city. However, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oskil
The Oskil or Oskol (; ) is a south-flowing river in Russia and Ukraine. It arises roughly between Kursk and Voronezh and flows south to join the Siverskyi Donets which flows southeast to join the Don. It is long, with a drainage basin of .«Река Оскол» Russian State Water Registry The river has its sources on the , and flows through and s in Russia, and through the eastern part of |
Sloboda Ukraine
Sloboda Ukraine, also known locally as ''Slobozhanshchyna'' or ''Slobozhanshchina'', is a historical region in northeastern Ukraine and southwestern Russia. It developed from Belgorod Razriad and flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries on the southwestern frontier of the Tsardom of Russia. In 1765, it was converted into the Kharkov Governorate, Sloboda Ukraine Governorate. Etymology Its name derives from the term ''sloboda (settlement), sloboda'' for a colonial settlement free of tax obligations, and the word ''Name of Ukraine, Ukraine'' was used to refer to the area inhabited by Ukrainian Cossacks and settlers. The word ''Ukraine'' is often considered to originally refer to a 'borderland', a view supported by Russian, Ukrainian, and Western historians such as Orest Subtelny, Paul Magocsi, Omeljan Pritsak, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Ivan Ohiyenko, Petro Tolochko,Толочко П. П. «От Руси к Украине» («Від Русі до України») 1997 and others. It i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muscovite Russia
The Grand Principality of Moscow, or Muscovy, known as the Principality of Moscow until 1389, was a late medieval Russian monarchy. Its capital was the city of Moscow. Originally established as a minor principality in the 13th century, the grand principality was transformed into a centralized Russian state in the late 15th century. Moscow became a separate principality when Daniel (), the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky, received the city and surrounding area as an appanage. By the end of the 13th century, Moscow had become one of the leading principalities within the Vladimir grand principality, alongside Tver. A struggle between the princes of Moscow and Tver began after Mikhail of Tver became grand prince in 1304. Yury () contested the title and was later made grand prince in 1318 by the khan of the Golden Horde, who held suzerainty over the princes. However, Yury lost the title four years later. Ivan I () regained the title of grand prince and was able to colle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Trail
The Black Trail (; ; {{langx, tt, Dzorna islach) was one of three main trails used by Crimean Tatars in their destructive raids over southeastern regions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The trail was named either after black traces left by the Tatars on chernozem, or after Black Forest, a wooded area at the confluence of the Syniukha River into the Southern Bug, where Tatars concentrated their forces before a raid. The Black Trail began in the swamps of the lower Inhul river. It went northwards to the Dnieper, and then towards the Dnieper Upland. Near Korsun, it split into two trails: northwest (to Kiev) and southwest (to Zbarazр). Another trail used by Tatars in their destructive raids over the Commonwealth was the so-called Podole Trail, or Kuczman Trail. It stemmed from the Black Trail near the contemporary town of Voznesensk, and went towards Bar. Near Ternopil, the Podolian Trail merged with the Black Trail. See also * Crimean-Nogai raids into East Slav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roads In Ukraine
Roads in Ukraine's transportation network are divided into two main categories: general-use roads, which consist of streets and roads in cities, villages, and other populated areas; and specialized roads, which include official, private, and special-use roads. Most members of the public travel on general-use roads, the most prominent of which are part of the international E-road network. However, high-speed highways, locally known as ''avtomahistrali'' (motorways) or ''shvydkisni dorohy'' (Controlled-access highway, expressways), are rare and only exist on certain segments of major routes. In early 2010, in preparation for Ukraine co-hosting the UEFA Euro 2012 football tournament, significant infrastructure improvement projects were announced by the newly-established Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine, then headed by Borys Kolesnikov. These efforts fell short of expectations in some areas, and the road network at-large is still in need of significant renovation. Ukraine inheri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crimean Khanate
The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatars, Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783, the longest-lived of the Turkic peoples, Turkic khanates that succeeded the empire of the Golden Horde. Established by Hacı I Giray in 1441, it was regarded as the direct heir to the Golden Horde and to Cumania, Desht-i-Kipchak. In 1783, violating the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (which had guaranteed non-interference of both Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the affairs of the Crimean Khanate), the Annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire, Russian Empire annexed the khanate. Among the European powers, only France came out with an open protest against this act, due to the longstanding Franco-Ottoman alliance. Naming and geography The Crimean Khans, considering their state as the heir and legal successor of the Golden Horde and Desht-i Kipcha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsardom Of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan the Terrible, Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721. From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of per year. The period includes the Time of Troubles, upheavals of the transition from the Rurik Dynasty, Rurik to the House of Romanov, Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Swedish Empire, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. During the Great Northern War, he implemented government reform of Peter I, substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after Treaty of Nystad, victory over Sweden in 1721. Name While the oldest Endonym and exonym, endonyms of the Grand Principality of Moscow used in its documents were "Rus'" () and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
