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Ivan Smolin
Ivan Ivanovich Smolin (; 5 July 1895 – 20 September 1937) was a Soviet army commander. He fought in the Imperial Russian Army in World War I and in the Soviet Red Army in the Russian Civil War. He was a recipient of the Order of the Red Banner (1922). During the Great Purge, he was arrested on 14 May 1937 and later executed. After the death of Joseph Stalin, he was rehabilitated in 1955. Early life, World War I, and Russian Civil War Smol was born in 1891 in the village of Khodynino, Ryazan Governorate, the son of an army officer. He graduated from a realschule and in 1914 was conscripted into the Imperial Russian Army during World War I. After graduating from an accelerated course at the Vladimir Military School later that year, Smolin became a '' praporshchik'' in the infantry, serving with the 204th Infantry Regiment. After the February Revolution in 1917 he was elected to the regimental committee. Smolin left the Imperial Army with the rank of ''podporuchik''. He joined the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ryazan Governorate
Ryazan Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit (''guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 to 1929. Its capital was in Ryazan. Administrative division Ryazan Governorate consisted of the following uyezds (administrative centres in parentheses): * Dankovsky Uyezd (Dankov) * Yegoryevsky Uyezd (Yegoryevsk) * Zaraysky Uyezd (Zaraysk) * Kasimovsky Uyezd (Kasimov) * Mikhaylovsky Uyezd (Mikhaylov, Ryazan Oblast, Mikhaylov) * Pronsky Uyezd (Pronsk, Pronsky District, Ryazan Oblast, Pronsk) * Ranenburgsky Uyezd (Chaplygin, Lipetsk Oblast, Ranenburg) * Ryazhsky Uyezd (Ryazhsk) * Ryazansky Uyezd (Ryazan) * Sapozhkovsky Uyezd (Sapozhok, Ryazan Oblast, Sapozhok) * Skopinsky Uyezd (Skopin, Russia, Skopin) * Spassky Uyezd (Ryazan Governorate), Spassky Uyezd (Spassk-Ryazansky, Spassk) Notable people Ivan Michurin (biologist), Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin (1855–1935), plant breeder, was born in Pronsky Uyezd. References Ryazan Gov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podporuchik
''Podporuchik'' ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, потпоручник, potporučnik, , , , , ) is the most junior officer in some Slavic armed forces, and is placed below the rank of lieutenant, typically corresponding to rank of second lieutenant in English-speaking countries. Russia and Russian imperial armed forces The rank was introduced first by Peter the Great in 1703 as an officer rank of the so-called ober-officer rank group. It belonged to rank class XIII (infantry), class XII (artillery, and engineer troops), and class X (guards) until 1884. In line with the military reforms in 1884, became in peace time. However, in the guards and the cossacks armed forces Cornet and Chorąży remained the lowest officer rank. The equivalent to was Michman in the Imperial Russian Navy, and governmental secretary () in the civil administration. Poland In Poland, the rank of (; abbreviated "ppor.") is the lowest officer rank used within the Polish Army.Marian Laprus (ed.)Leksykon wiedzy woj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
47th Rifle Division (RSFSR)
The 47th Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Red Army. It was first formed in 1922 as the Georgian Rifle Division. In 1924, it became the 1st Georgian Mountain Division. The division became the 47th Georgian Mountain Rifle Division in 1936 and dropped the designation "Georgian" in 1940. It was disbanded in June 1942 after being wiped out at Izyum. In July 1942, the 47th Rifle Division was formed from the 21st Rifle Brigade. It fought in the Nevel Offensive, for which it was awarded the title "Nevel". The division was disbanded in the Baltic Military District in 1946. It was also awarded the Order of Lenin and the Order of Suvorov 2nd class. The division was reformed a third time from the 277th Rifle Division in 1955 but disbanded in July 1956. History In 1922, the Georgian Rifle Division was formed. It was given the honorific "on behalf of Comrade Stalin" on 29 July 1930. In July 1936, it was renamed the 47th Georgian Mountain Rifle Division. On 16 July 1940, it bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belgorod
Belgorod (, ) is a city that serves as the administrative center of Belgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the Seversky Donets River, approximately north of the border with Ukraine. It has a population of It was founded in 1596 as a defensive fort on the southern border of Russia. Contested by various Russian and Ukrainian factions during World War I and the Russian Civil War, the city served as the temporary Soviet Ukrainian capital at the turn of 1918 and 1919. Etymology The name ''Belgorod'' (Белгород) in Russian literally means "white city", a compound of "" (''bely'', "white, light") and "" (''gorod'', "town, city"). The name is a reference to the region's historical abundance of limestone. Demographics The population of Belgorod is 339,978 as of the most recent censuses: As of the 2021 Census, the ethnic composition of Belgorod was: 1149,931 people (or 44.1% of the population) residing in Belgorod did not state their ethnicity in the 2021 census. Geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novy Oskol
Novy Oskol () is a town and the administrative center of Novooskolsky District in Belgorod Oblast, Russia, northeast of Belgorod, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: It is called ''Novy Oskol'' () to distinguish it from Stary Oskol () located north. Both are on the south-flowing Oskol River. History It was near the Muravsky Trail used by Crimeans and Nogais to raid Muscovy. In 1637 it was founded as a fort. In 1647 it became a city with the name Tsaryov-Alekseev after Tsar Alexis of Russia. In 1655 it was named Novy Oskol to distinguish it from Stary Oskol (Old Oskol) to the north. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Novy Oskol serves as the administrative center of Novooskolsky District, to which it is directly subordinated.Resolution #P/21-21-4 As a municipal division, the town A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valuyki, Belgorod Oblast
Valuyki () is a town in Belgorod Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Valuy and Oskol Rivers, east of Belgorod and 15 km north of the Russia–Ukraine border. Population: History Valuyki was founded in 1593 as a fortress for protection against the Crimean and Nogai Tatar raids along the Muravsky Trail. In January 1943, during ARMIR's retreat from the Don front, after days of continuous fighting, exhausted by cold and hunger, numerous men from various units of the 4th Alpine Division "Cuneense", commanded by General Emilio Battisti, converged in Valuyki. Despite their attempt to break out of encirclement and open a way to the west, the Alpini were surrounded and blocked by Soviet troops and finally forced to surrender. In early September 2015 Reuters reported that Russia was building a new army base "near Valuyki, a small town not far from Soloti." Established in connection with the war in Ukraine, the base was to have barracks for 3,500 sold ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vovchansk
Vovchansk (, ; ) is a destroyed city in Chuhuiv Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, northeastern Ukraine. It hosts the administration of . The Vovcha river, a tributary of the Donets river, runs through the city. Vovchansk had a population of However, that dropped to about 300 by May 2024, as the city was largely destroyed during the Russo-Ukrainian War's 2024 Kharkiv offensive. By January 2025, Vovchansk was reported to be completely destroyed with zero permanent inhabitants. History Vovchansk was first settled in 1674 under the Tsardom of Russia, when a territory of Belgorod Monastery was provided to Ukrainian migrants from Dnieper Ukraine led by Martyn Starochudny. Petro Tronko. Vovchansk (ВОВЧАНСЬК)'. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2003 The settlement was named as Vovche and designated as a guarding settlement. In April 1780, it was officially renamed to "Vovchansk", and became an administrative centre of Volchansk uyezd in the Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armed Forces Of South Russia
The Armed Forces of South Russia (AFSR or SRAF) () were the unified military forces of the White movement in southern Russia between 1919 and 1920. On 8 January 1919, the Armed Forces of South Russia were formed, incorporating the Volunteer Army and the Don Army. Subsequently, it included the Crimean-Azov Army, the Forces of Northern Caucasus and the Turkestan Army. By October 1919, the army had 150,000 soldiers, which included 48,000 horsemen. The British had supplied 280,000 rifles, 4,898 machine guns, 917 cannons, 102 tanks, 194 airplanes 1,335 automobiles, 112 tractors, and what became known as Wrangel's fleet. In May 1919, Denikin reorganized the Armed Forces of South Russia. Vladimir May-Mayevsky took command of the Volunteer Army, known formerly as the Caucasian Volunteer Army. Sidorin took command of the Don army, while Wrangel took command of the Caucasian Army, consisting mainly of the Kuban Cossacks. The Caucasus Army disbanded on 29 January 1920 and was repl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
42nd Rifle Division (RSFSR)
The 42nd Rifle Division was a unit of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War. The division, first formed in 1940, was nearly destroyed in the opening days of the Operation Barbarossa defending the Brest Fortress. Disbanded in late December 1941 and immediately reformed in the Volga Military District. The division then served on the front until disbanded at the end of the war. History 1st Formation The division was formed on 17 January 1940 in the Leningrad Military District from individual infantry and construction battalions in the Karelian Fortified Region. Kombrig Ivan Sidorovich Lazarenko was appointed as commander. In February 1940 it fought in the Winter War as part of the 7th Army's 34th Rifle Corps and on 27 February was assigned to the 10th Rifle Corps. In June 1940 the division was sent to Estonia as part of the 8th Army's 19th Rifle Corps, but was reassigned to the Western Special Military District to replace the 33rd Rifle Division. In the spring of 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
8th Army (RSFSR)
The 8th Army was a field army of the Red Army during the jovial Russian Civil War which existed from 26 September 1918 until 20 March 1920. History In October-December 1918, the 8th Army conducted ineffective military operations against the Don Army in the Voronezh-Liskin direction. In January 1919, it participated in the successful Voronezh–Povorino Operation against the Don Army. In March 1919, it conducted heavy defensive battles in the Donbass around Lugansk. On 14 August 1919, the 8th Army was included in the Southern Front Group under the command of Vladimir Selivachyov. It had a total of 24,000 bayonets, 3,500 sabers, 1,170 machine guns and 193 guns. In August 1919, it participated in the offensive of the Shock Group of the Southern Front. After initial success and an advance of more than 80 kilometers, it was forced to retreat under pressure of Konstantin Mamontov's cavalry actions into the deep rear of the 8th Army. The Don Army forced the 8th Army to retreat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostrogozhsky Uyezd
Ostrogozhsky Uyezd (''Острогожский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Voronezh Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Ostrogozhsk. Demographics At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Ostrogozhsky Uyezd had a population of 273,837. Of these, 90.3% spoke Ukrainian, 8.4% Russian, 0.6% Belarusian, 0.4% German, 0.1% Romani and 0.1% Yiddish Yiddish, historically Judeo-German, is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated in 9th-century Central Europe, and provided the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with ... as their native language. Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Guards (Russia)
Red Guards () were paramilitary volunteer formations for the "protection of the soviet power", as part of the Bolshevik Military Organizations. The Red Guards consisted primarily of urban workers, peasants, cossacks and partially of soldiers and sailors. Red Guards were a transitional military force of the collapsing Imperial Russian Army and the base formations of Bolsheviks during the October Revolution and the first months of the Russian Civil War. Most of them were formed in the time frame of the Russian Revolution of 1917, and some of the units were reorganized into the Red Army during 1918. The Red Guards formations were organized across most of the former Russian Empire, including territories outside the contemporary Russian Federation such as Finland, Poland, Estonia, Ukraine, and others. They were not centralized and were formed by decision of a local political party and local soviet members. By fighting to protect and extend the power of the Soviets, they aided the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
