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Itapetinga Radio Observatory
Pierre Kauffman Radio Observatory (Portuguese: Rádio Observatório Pierre Kauffman - ROPK), also known as the Itapetinga Radio Observatory (Portuguese: Rádio Observatório de Itapetinga - ROI), is a radio observatory located in the municipality of Atibaia in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is located approximately south of Atibaia and north of São Paulo. ROI was founded in 1970 by Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie (UPM). Control of the facility was passed to the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) in 1982. Today it is managed jointly by INPE, UPM, University do Vale do Paraíba (Univap), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), and Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI). In addition to the telescopes, the observatory has living quarters for visiting scientists. ROI is located inside a small radio quiet zone. It was renamed in 2016 after Pierre Kauffman. Telescopes * A dish antenna was completed in 1974. It is housed in a radome which was replaced in 1990. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Observatory
A radio telescope is a specialized antenna and radio receiver used to detect radio waves from astronomical radio sources in the sky. Radio telescopes are the main observing instrument used in radio astronomy, which studies the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum emitted by astronomical objects, just as optical telescopes are the main observing instrument used in traditional optical astronomy which studies the light wave portion of the spectrum coming from astronomical objects. Unlike optical telescopes, radio telescopes can be used in the daytime as well as at night. Since astronomical radio sources such as planets, stars, nebulas and galaxies are very far away, the radio waves coming from them are extremely weak, so radio telescopes require very large antennas to collect enough radio energy to study them, and extremely sensitive receiving equipment. Radio telescopes are typically large parabolic ("dish") antennas similar to those employed in tracking and c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dish Antenna
A parabolic antenna is an antenna that uses a parabolic reflector, a curved surface with the cross-sectional shape of a parabola, to direct the radio waves. The most common form is shaped like a dish and is popularly called a dish antenna or parabolic dish. The main advantage of a parabolic antenna is that it has high directivity. It functions similarly to a searchlight or flashlight reflector to direct radio waves in a narrow beam, or receive radio waves from one particular direction only. Parabolic antennas have some of the highest gains, meaning that they can produce the narrowest beamwidths, of any antenna type. In order to achieve narrow beamwidths, the parabolic reflector must be much larger than the wavelength of the radio waves used, so parabolic antennas are used in the high frequency part of the radio spectrum, at UHF and microwave ( SHF) frequencies, at which the wavelengths are small enough that conveniently-sized reflectors can be used. Parabolic antennas are used a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomical Observatories In Brazil
Astronomy () is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and evolution. Objects of interest include planets, moons, stars, nebulae, galaxies, and comets. Relevant phenomena include supernova explosions, gamma ray bursts, quasars, blazars, pulsars, and cosmic microwave background radiation. More generally, astronomy studies everything that originates beyond Earth's atmosphere. Cosmology is a branch of astronomy that studies the universe as a whole. Astronomy is one of the oldest natural sciences. The early civilizations in recorded history made methodical observations of the night sky. These include the Babylonians, Greeks, Indians, Egyptians, Chinese, Maya, and many ancient indigenous peoples of the Americas. In the past, astronomy included disciplines as diverse as astrometry, celestial navigation, observational astronomy, and the making of calendars. Nowadays, professi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society
''Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society'' (MNRAS) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in astronomy and astrophysics. It has been in continuous existence since 1827 and publishes letters and papers reporting original research in relevant fields. Despite the name, the journal is no longer monthly, nor does it carry the notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. History The first issue of MNRAS was published on 9 February 1827 as ''Monthly Notices of the Astronomical Society of London'' and it has been in continuous publication ever since. It took its current name from the second volume, after the Astronomical Society of London became the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS). Until 1960 it carried the monthly notices of the RAS, at which time these were transferred to the newly established '' Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society'' (1960–1996) and then to its successor journal '' Astronomy & Geophysics'' (since 1997). Until 1965, MNRAS wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Radio Telescopes
This is a list of radio telescopes – over one hundred – that are or have been used for radio astronomy. The list includes both single dishes and interferometric arrays. The list is sorted by region, then by name; unnamed telescopes are in reverse size order at the end of the list. The first radio telescope was invented in 1932, when Karl Jansky at Bell Telephone Laboratories observed radiation coming from the Milky Way. Africa Antarctica Asia Australia Europe North America South America Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Space-based Under construction or planned construction Proposed telescopes Gallery of big dishes File:FastTelescope*8sep2015.jpg, alt=Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope under construction, The 500 meter Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), under construction, China (2016) File:GBT.png, alt=Green Bank Telescope, The 100 meter Green Bank Telescope, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Astronomical Observatories
This is a list of astronomical observatories ordered by name, along with initial dates of operation (where an accurate date is available) and location. The list also includes a final year of operation for many observatories that are no longer in operation. While other sciences, such as volcanology and meteorology, also use facilities called observatories for research and observations, this list is limited to observatories that are used to observe celestial objects. Astronomical observatories are mainly divided into four categories: space-based, airborne, ground-based, and underground-based. Many modern telescopes and observatories are located in space to observe astronomical objects in wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum that cannot penetrate the Earth's atmosphere (such as ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays) and are thus impossible to observe using ground-based telescopes. Being above the atmosphere, these space observatories can also avoid the effect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Decimetric Array
The Brazilian Decimetric Array (BDA) is a 26-element radio telescope interferometer located in the municipality of Cachoeira Paulista in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It is capable of performing both solar and stellar observations in three bands: 1.2 - 1.7, 2.8 and 5.6 GHz. The BDA will obtain radio images from the sun with a spatial resolution ~4x6 arc seconds. The main project was conceived and driven by Dr. H. S. Sawant. Financially sponsored by FAPESP anINPE's Astrophysics Division The T-shaped BDA is being constructed in three phases. The first phase was a linear array of five parabolic antennas on alt-azimuth telescope mounts laid out on an east-west baseline of . The dishes were originally installed at the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) campus in São José dos Campos in 2003 for testing. They were moved to Cachoeira Paulista in 2004. Beginning in 2010, the second phase was added. Nine antennas were placed on a new north-south baseline of , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pico Dos Dias Observatory
The Pico dos Dias Observatory (Portuguese: ''Observatório Pico dos Dias'' (OPD)) is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the National Astrophysical Laboratory of Brazil (Portuguese: ''Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica'' (LNA)). It is located in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, from the city of Itajubá. Telescopes * A Cassegrain reflector built by Perkin-Elmer first became operational in 1981. * A Ritchey-Chrétien telescope built by Boller & Chivens and installed in 1992 is jointly used by LNA and the University of São Paulo. * A Cassegrain reflector built by Zeiss Jena was purchased in the 1960s through coffee trade with East Germany. It was installed in 1983. ASPOS OKP In April 2017, Russia's space agency, Roscosmos, opened the first Automated Warning System on Hazardous Situations in Outer Space ( ASPOS OKP) at Pico dos Dias. There will be another three stations in the system. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campos Do Jordão
Campos do Jordão () is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in southeastern Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte. The population is 52,405 (2020 est.) in an area of . The city is situated above sea level and is the highest city in Brazil. There are numerous outdoor activities for tourists and winter residents. These include hiking, mountain climbing, treetop cable swings (''arborismo''), horseback riding, and ATV and motorbike riding. July, of winter season vacations, sees an enormous influx of visitors (more than quadrupling the city's population), due in part to the winter festival of classical music. Its attractions throughout the year include German, Swiss and Italian cuisine restaurants, bars, and a cable car. There are many ''pousadas'' (inns) and chalets. Also, in order to cater to the large number of visitors, several bars, lounges, discos and clubs open during the winter months. Demography *Total Population: 51,45 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circular Polarization
In electrodynamics, circular polarization of an electromagnetic wave is a polarization state in which, at each point, the electromagnetic field of the wave has a constant magnitude and is rotating at a constant rate in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the wave. In electrodynamics, the strength and direction of an electric field is defined by its electric field vector. In the case of a circularly polarized wave, as seen in the accompanying animation, the tip of the electric field vector, at a given point in space, relates to the phase of the light as it travels through time and space. At any instant of time, the electric field vector of the wave indicates a point on a helix oriented along the direction of propagation. A circularly polarized wave can rotate in one of two possible senses: clockwise or ''right-handed circular polarization (RHCP)'' in which the electric field vector rotates in a right-hand sense with respect to the direction of propagation, and counter-clockw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radome
A radome (a portmanteau of radar and dome) is a structural, weatherproof enclosure that protects a radar antenna. The radome is constructed of material transparent to radio waves. Radomes protect the antenna from weather and conceal antenna electronic equipment from view. They also protect nearby personnel from being accidentally struck by quickly rotating antennas. Radomes can be constructed in several shapes spherical, geodesic, planar, etc. depending on the particular application, using various construction materials such as fiberglass, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-coated fabric, and others. When found on fixed-wing aircraft with forward-looking radar, as are commonly used for object or weather detection, the nose cones often additionally serve as radomes. On aircraft used for airborne early warning and control (AEW&C), a rotating radome, often called a "rotodome", is mounted on the top of the fuselage for 360-degree coverage. Some newer AEW&C configurations inst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Kauffman
Pierre Kaufmann (1938 – 17 February 2017) was a French physicist and astronomer. He worked at Mackenzie University, Unicamp, and USP, and founded research into radio astronomy and solar physics in Brazil. Career He studied physics at Mackenzie Presbyterian University, starting in 1957, and graduating in 1961, before going to Leiden University and Groningen University. He was the principal researcher of the Solar Submillimeter Telescope and Solar-T, and started the Atmospheric Science program at the Brazilian Antarctic Program. He founded research into radio astronomy, spatial geodesy, and solar physics in Brazil. He helped install the first radio telescope in Brazil in 1962, at the Professor Aristóteles Orsini Planetarium, but the antenna was subsequently destroyed by cows. He was funded by FAPESP is its first year of operation, to work on radio star scintillation. He also helped construct radio telescopes in Campos do Jordão and at Itapetinga Radio Observatory. He wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
