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Isthmura Sierraoccidentalis
''Isthmura'' is a genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae. They are endemic to Mexico. The genus, which corresponds to the former "''Pseudoeurycea bellii'' species group" and was first described as a subgenus of '' Pseudoeurycea'', was raised to full generic level in 2015 in order to preserve ''Ixalotriton'' and '' Bolitoglossa'' while avoiding paraphyly of ''Pseudoeurycea''. Description ''Isthmura'' are large to very large salamanders, and the largest plethodontid salamanders in the Neotropics. They have robust, black bodies that usually have bold red, orange, or pink markings. The toes have slight webbing. The fifth toe is well-developed. They inhabit montane forests mostly above , although ''Isthmura gigantea'' and ''Isthmura maxima The southern giant salamander (''Isthmura maxima'') is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico and known from the Sierra Madre del Sur of western and southern Oaxaca and eastern Guerrero. It is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isthmura Bellii
''Isthmura bellii'', commonly known as Bell's false brook salamander or Bell's salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico and occurs mostly along the western and southern margins of the Mexican Plateau, with isolated populations elsewhere. Habitat Its natural habitats are pine and pine-oak forests at high elevation, as well as forest edges and grazed areas. It tolerates habitat modification and is also found in degraded forests, coffee plantations, rural gardens, and close to urbanized and highly disturbed areas. This terrestrial species is typically found beneath logs, rocks, waste timber, brush piles, and within leaf litter. Once common, this species has disappeared from many places. The reasons for this decline are unclear, although habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isthmura Gigantea
''Isthmura gigantea'', commonly known as the giant false brook salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico and known from the eastern margins Sierra Madre Oriental between north-eastern Hidalgo and northern Puebla and central Veracruz near Xalapa. The natural habitat of this terrestrial species is the pine-oak/cloud forest interface at elevations of above sea level. It tolerates some habitat disturbance but is threatened from severe habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby ... from logging, mining, agriculture, and human settlement that is occurring within its range. References gigantea Amphibians described in 1939 Endemic amphibians of Mexico Fauna of the Sierra Madre Oriental Taxonomy articles creat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphibian Genera
Amphibians are four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this. The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs. Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to reptiles like lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isthmura
''Isthmura'' is a genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae. They are endemic to Mexico. The genus, which corresponds to the former "''Pseudoeurycea bellii'' species group" and was first described as a subgenus of ''Pseudoeurycea'', was raised to full generic level in 2015 in order to preserve '' Ixalotriton'' and ''Bolitoglossa'' while avoiding paraphyly of ''Pseudoeurycea''. Description ''Isthmura'' are large to very large salamanders, and the largest plethodontid salamanders in the Neotropics The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bi .... They have robust, black bodies that usually have bold red, orange, or pink markings. The toes have slight webbing. The fifth toe is well-developed. They inhabit montane forests mostly above , although '' Isthmura gigantea'' and '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isthmura Sierraoccidentalis
''Isthmura'' is a genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae. They are endemic to Mexico. The genus, which corresponds to the former "''Pseudoeurycea bellii'' species group" and was first described as a subgenus of '' Pseudoeurycea'', was raised to full generic level in 2015 in order to preserve ''Ixalotriton'' and '' Bolitoglossa'' while avoiding paraphyly of ''Pseudoeurycea''. Description ''Isthmura'' are large to very large salamanders, and the largest plethodontid salamanders in the Neotropics. They have robust, black bodies that usually have bold red, orange, or pink markings. The toes have slight webbing. The fifth toe is well-developed. They inhabit montane forests mostly above , although ''Isthmura gigantea'' and ''Isthmura maxima The southern giant salamander (''Isthmura maxima'') is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico and known from the Sierra Madre del Sur of western and southern Oaxaca and eastern Guerrero. It is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isthmura Naucampatepetl
''Isthmura naucampatepetl'', commonly known as the Cofre de Perote salamander, is a species of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental in central Veracruz, Mexico, where it is known from between Cofre de Perote and Cerro Volcancillo, a satellite peak of Cofre de Perote. Etymology The specific name ''naucampatepetl'' is Nahuatl name for Cofre de Perote. Description Adult males measure and females up to in snout–vent length (SVL). The tail is slender and shorter than SVL; it tapers gradually but has a blunt tip. The body is moderately robust. The head is prominent and the eyes are large and relatively protuberant. The snout is large and broadly rounded. The limbs are long and robust. The digits are well developed, and there is no appreciable webbing. The coloration is striking, with solid black background color and with bright pink to pinkish-cream dorsal spots: there is a pair of rounded spots on the back of the head, about the si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isthmura Corrugata
''Isthmura'' is a genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae. They are endemic to Mexico. The genus, which corresponds to the former "''Pseudoeurycea bellii'' species group" and was first described as a subgenus of '' Pseudoeurycea'', was raised to full generic level in 2015 in order to preserve ''Ixalotriton'' and '' Bolitoglossa'' while avoiding paraphyly of ''Pseudoeurycea''. Description ''Isthmura'' are large to very large salamanders, and the largest plethodontid salamanders in the Neotropics. They have robust, black bodies that usually have bold red, orange, or pink markings. The toes have slight webbing. The fifth toe is well-developed. They inhabit montane forests mostly above , although ''Isthmura gigantea'' and ''Isthmura maxima The southern giant salamander (''Isthmura maxima'') is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico and known from the Sierra Madre del Sur of western and southern Oaxaca and eastern Guerrero. It is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isthmura Boneti
''Isthmura boneti'', commonly known as the Oaxacan false brook salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to north-central Oaxaca, Mexico. Its natural habitats are pine and pine-oak forests at high elevations. It is terrestrial and found beneath logs and rocks. Formerly very abundant, the species has declined for unknown reasons; it has also declined in suitable habitat, so habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby ... is not a sufficient explanation. References boneti Amphibians described in 1967 Endemic amphibians of Mexico Fauna of the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Plethodontidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isthmura Maxima
The southern giant salamander (''Isthmura maxima'') is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico and known from the Sierra Madre del Sur of western and southern Oaxaca and eastern Guerrero. It is the largest tropical salamander; the holotype had a total length of about and weighed . Description Adult males measure and females in snout–vent length (SVL). The tail is moderately long, on average 99% of SVL in males and 85% SVL in females. The coloration is variable, but in general it is uniformly black, with markings consisting of parallel rows of vivid red-orange to pale orange spots on the head, body, and proximal part of the tail. The body is robust, and the head is large and relatively broad but with short snout. The limbs are long and robust. The fingers and toes are well developed but relatively short and without appreciable webbing. Habitat and conservation This little-known salamander has been found in a banana field and a roadside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neotropics
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In biogeography, the Neotropic or Neotropical realm is one of the eight terrestrial realms. This realm includes South America, Central America, the Caribbean islands, and southern North America. In Mexico, the Yucatán Peninsula and southern lowlands, and most of the east and west coastlines, including the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula are Neotropical. In the United States southern Florida and coastal Central Florida are considered Neotropical. The realm also includes temperate southern South America. In contrast, the Neotropical Floristic Kingdom excludes southernmost South America, which instead is placed in the Antarctic kingdom. The Neotropic is delimited by similarities in fauna or flora. Its fauna and flora are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can reproduction, produce Fertility, fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology (biology), morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a binomial nomenclature, two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraphyly
In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In contrast, a monophyletic group (a clade) includes a common ancestor and ''all'' of its descendants. The terms are commonly used in phylogenetics (a subfield of biology) and in the tree model of historical linguistics. Paraphyletic groups are identified by a combination of Synapomorphy and apomorphy, synapomorphies and symplesiomorphy, symplesiomorphies. If many subgroups are missing from the named group, it is said to be polyparaphyletic. The term was coined by Willi Hennig to apply to well-known taxa like Reptilia (reptiles) which, as commonly named and traditionally defined, is paraphyletic with respect to mammals and birds. Reptilia contains the last common ancestor of reptiles a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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