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Iriadamant
The Iriadamant were a community that lived in northern Finland from 1991–1993. The residents of the community were mainly French and Belgian but dressed in Native American costumes. The group arrived in Finland with the support of Professor Erkki Pulliainen of the University of Oulu with the intention of "studying living in nature". In the fall of 1991, the group founded a camp near Kittilä. Although of European descent, they were referred to as "Kittilä indians" (Finnish: ''Kittilän intiaaneja'') or "lifestyle indians" (Finnish: ''elintapaintiaani''). When it was first established, the camp was generally viewed in a positive light. By the beginning of 1993, the attitude had changed. Professor Pulliainen soon called off the relationship when it became clear that no research was being done at the camp. According to newspaper reports, the conditions were miserable, cold, dirty, and residents lacked food and healthcare. Campers were accused in the newspapers of, among other thing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neitokainen
Neitokainen (also called Neitojärvi or Finlantto) is an artificial pond in Finland. It was constructed in the municipality of Kittilä on the slope of Vesikkovaara in 1991. It is known for being shaped in the cartographic form of Finland. The length of the pond is and the average depth is one meter. The pond is in the shape of Finland at a 1:10,000 scale. History During the early 1990s there was a tourist boom in Lapland. The tourism company Polartrio wanted to create a holiday village in Kittilä. The area around what would become Neitokainen was zoned for the construction of luxury accommodations. The exhibition of performances by Iriadamant The Iriadamant were a community that lived in northern Finland from 1991–1993. The residents of the community were mainly French and Belgian but dressed in Native American costumes. The group arrived in Finland with the support of Professor Erkki ... community members was planned to bring visitors to the area. Polartrio employed Esko ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kittilä
Kittilä ( se, Gihttel, smn, Kittâl, sms, Kihttel) is a municipality of Finland and a popular holiday resort. It is located in northern Finland north of the Arctic Circle within the Lapland region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . Kittilä is famous for being the location of the lowest recorded temperature in Finnish history: , measured in January 1999 in Pokka. The "midnight sun" is above the horizon from 29 May to 16 July, and the period with continuous daylight lasts a bit longer, polar night from 14 December to 29 December. Climate Kittilä has a subarctic climate ( Dfc) as a result of its northerly location and being far inland, which renders strong seasonal shifts. The sun does not set between 30 May and 15 July (47 days), and white nights lasts from early May to early August. The period that the sun does not rise lasts from 14 December to 29 December (16 days), the exact boundaries depend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silvilization
Silvilization is a conceptual framework or a vision of the world whereby the forest, a metaphor for primordial living, is the best place for human development and fulfilment. It is a portmanteau of the Latin word ''silva,'' meaning forest, and civilization. History The term was first coined by Pierre-Doris Maltais, leader of the Iriadamant eco-cult. Erkki Pulliainen, an MP of the Green League, in collaboration with Maltais and the University of Helsinki, implemented the interdisciplinary ESSOC project (“Ecological Sylvilisation and Survival with the Aid of Original Cultures”) in 1991. The project was considered a failure. In 1997, a publication in the journal ''Interculture'' by the Intercultural Institute of Montreal was devoted entirely to the theme of silvilization and ecosophy. The articles were written by authors such as Edward Goldsmith, Gary Snyder, and Gita Mehta Gita Mehta (née Patnaik; born 1943) is an Indian writer and documentary filmmaker. Biography ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erkki Pulliainen
Erkki Ossi Olavi Pulliainen (23 June 1938 – 22 August 2022) was a Finnish biologist and politician and member of Finnish Parliament, representing the Green League. He was first elected to the parliament in 1987 and was continuously a member until the election in spring 2011. From 1985 to 1999 he was also a member of the city council of Oulu. Pulliainen has held positions of trust in numerous scientific and political organisations. Pulliainen was born in Varkaus, Finland. He had a Ph.D. in zoology and a master's degree in agriculture and forestry. During his career he has been the professor of zoology at the University of Oulu and the dean of the faculty of science until his retirement. He was also a reader at the University of Helsinki where he performed extensive research on large carnivores in the Nordic fauna. Pulliainen has published more than 500 scientific articles and more than 30 books. An expert on wolves and dogs, he was popularly known as "Susi" ("Wolf") Pulliainen. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Green Party (Sweden)
The Green Party ( sv, Miljöpartiet de gröna, lit=Environmental Party the Greens, commonly referred to in Swedish as Miljöpartiet or MP) is a political party in Sweden based on green politics. . Sparked by the anti- nuclear power movement following the 1980 nuclear power referendum, the party was founded in 1981 out of a discontent with the existing parties' environmental policies. In 1988 general election they won seats in the Swedish Riksdag for the first time, capturing 5.5 percent of the vote, and becoming the first new party to enter parliament in seventy years. Three years later, they dropped back below the 4 percent threshold. In 1994, they returned to parliament again and since have retained representation there. The party is represented nationally by two spokespeople, always one man and one woman. These roles are currently held by Per Bolund and Märta Stenevi. Between 3 October 2014 and 30 November 2021, the Green Party was a part of the Social Democratic led g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cults
In modern English, ''cult'' is usually a pejorative term for a social group that is defined by its unusual religious, spiritual, or philosophical beliefs and rituals, or its common interest in a particular personality, object, or goal. This sense of the term is controversial and weakly defined—having divergent definitions both in popular culture and academia—and has also been an ongoing source of contention among scholars across several fields of study. Richardson, James T. 1993. "Definitions of Cult: From Sociological-Technical to Popular-Negative." '' Review of Religious Research'' 34(4):348–56. . . An older sense of the word involves a set of religious devotional practices that are conventional within their culture, related to a particular figure, and often associated with a particular place. References to the "cult" of a particular Catholic saint, or the imperial cult of ancient Rome, for example, use this sense of the word. While the literal and original sense ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Lapland (Finland)
History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of these events. Historians seek knowledge of the past using historical sources such as written documents, oral accounts, art and material artifacts, and ecological markers. History is not complete and still has debatable mysteries. History is also an academic discipline which uses narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze past events, and investigate their patterns of cause and effect. Historians often debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians also debate the nature of history as an end in itself, as well as its usefulness to give perspective on the problems of the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rapport Gest-Guyard
The French National Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament of France, set up a Parliamentary Commission on Cults in France (french: Commission parlementaire sur les sectes en France) on 11 July 1995 following the events involving the members of the Order of the Solar Temple in late 1994 in the French region of Vercors, in Switzerland and in Canada. Chaired by deputy Alain Gest, a member of the Union for French Democracy conservative party, the commission had to determine what should constitute a cult. It came to categorize various groups according to their supposed threat or innocuity (towards members of the groups themselves or towards society and the state). The Commission reported back in December 1995. See drop-down essay on "Religious Freedom in France" Some non-French citizens and certain organizations, including the Church of Scientology and the United States Department of State, criticized its categorization-methodology. The Parliamentary Commission always bore in m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicaragua
Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean Sea, Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the country's capital and largest city. , it was estimated to be the List of largest cities in Central America#Largest cities proper, second largest city in Central America. Nicaragua's multiethnic population of six million includes people of mestizo, indigenous, European and African heritage. The main language is Spanish. Indigenous tribes on the Mosquito Coast speak their own languages and English. Originally inhabited by various indigenous cultures since ancient times, the region was conquered by the Spanish Empire in the 16th century. Nicaragua gained independence from Spain in 1821. The Mosquito Coast followed a different historical path, being colonized by the English in the 17th century and later coming under B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helsinki-Vantaa Airport
Helsinki-Vantaa Airport (; fi, Helsinki-Vantaan lentoasema, sv, Helsingfors-Vanda flygplats), or simply Helsinki Airport, is the main international airport of the city of Helsinki, its surrounding metropolitan area, and the Uusimaa region. The airport is located in the neighbouring city of Vantaa, about west of Tikkurila, the administrative centre of Vantaa and north of Helsinki's city centre. The airport is operated by state-owned Finavia. The airport is by far the busiest in Finland (with 20 times the traffic of the next-busiest, Oulu) and the fourth busiest in the Nordic countries in terms of passenger numbers. About 90% of Finland's international air traffic passes through Helsinki Airport. The airport handled 21.8 million passengers in 2019, including 18.9 million international passengers and 2.9 million domestic passengers. On average, the airport handles around 350 departures a day. The airport is the main hub for Finnair, the flag carrier of Finland, and its sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Administrative Court Of Finland
The Supreme Administrative Court of Finland (, ) is the highest court in the Finnish administrative court system, parallel to the Supreme Court of Finland. Its jurisdiction covers the legality of the decisions of government officials, and its decisions are final. Appeals are made to the Supreme Administrative Court from the decisions of the administrative courts of Helsinki, Turku, Hämeenlinna, Kouvola, Kuopio, Vaasa, Oulu, Rovaniemi and Åland, the Market Court, and the Council of State. In most issues, it is possible to appeal to the Supreme Administrative Court of Finland from the judgment of the administrative court. However, in some case areas of administrative law, an appeal requires a leave of appeal from the Supreme Administrative Court. The most important such area are insurance cases. In some restricted areas of law, for example, in parking fines, the decision of the administrative court is final and cannot be appealed to the Supreme Administrative Court. In adminis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mauno Koivisto
Mauno Henrik Koivisto (; 25 November 1923 – 12 May 2017) was a Finnish politician who served as the ninth president of Finland from 1982 to 1994. He also served as the country's prime minister twice, from 1968 to 1970 and again from 1979 to 1982. He was also the first member of the Social Democratic Party to be elected as President of Finland. Early life Koivisto was born in Turku as the second son of Juho Koivisto, a carpenter at Crichton-Vulcan shipyard, and Hymni Sofia Eskola, who died when he was 10. After attending primary school, Koivisto worked a number of jobs, and at the beginning of the Winter War in 1939 joined a field firefighting unit at the age of 16. During the Continuation War, Koivisto served in the Infantry Detachment Törni led by Lauri Törni, which was a reconnaissance detachment operating behind enemy lines. This detachment was only open to selected volunteers. During the war, he received the Order of the Cross of Liberty (2nd class) and was promo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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