|
Iqlim Al-Kharrub
Iqlim al-Kharrub is a geographic region in the western part of the Chouf District. Its inhabitants are mostly Sunni Muslims. Geographic definition The Iqlim al-Kharrub is a historical and socio-cultural region in the western part of the Chouf District. Its territory is traditionally defined as the area between the Awali River in the south and the Damour River in the north. It extends from the Mediterranean Sea coast eastward into the Chouf mountains. Its approximate territory is . There are 37 villages in the region, of which 25 are municipalities. Etymology The name Iqlim al-Kharrub means ''region of the carob. History The Iqlim al-Kharrub was a ''nahiye'' (subdistrict) of the Sidon-Beirut Sanjak during Ottoman rule. Demography Most of Iqlim al-Kharrub's population is Sunni Muslim and most Sunnis in the Chouf reside in the region. Unlike the rest of the Chouf where Druze form the demographic majority, there is no Druze population centers in the Iqlim al-Kharrub. The region's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chouf District
Chouf (also spelled Shouf, Shuf or Chuf, in ''Jabal ash-Shouf''; french: La Montagne du Chouf) is a historic region of Lebanon, as well as an administrative district in the governorate ( muhafazat) of Mount Lebanon. Geography Located south-east of Beirut, the region comprises a narrow coastal strip notable for the Christian town of Damour, and the valleys and mountains of the western slopes of Jabal Barouk, the name of the local Mount Lebanon massif, on which the largest forest of Cedars of Lebanon is found. The mountains are high enough to receive snow. History The Emirs of Lebanon used to have their residence in Chouf, most notably Druze Emir Fakhr al-Din II, who attained considerable power and acted with significant autonomy from the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century. He is often referred to as the founder of modern Lebanon, although his area of influence and later control included parts of current Israel and Syria. Other emirs include the more controversial Bachir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rmeileh
Rmeileh is a Lebanese municipality in Chouf District, Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon. The town belongs to the Federation of North Iqlim El Kharroub Municipalities. Geography Rmeileh is located approximately north of Sidon and south of Lebanon's capital city, Beirut. It is above sea level and covers an area of . Rmeileh sits on hills close to the sea, by the Awali River. It is bordered to the south by the towns of Elman and Jamilla, to the east by Wardaniyeh town, and to the north by the town of Siblin. Etymology Rmeileh most likely got its name from the nature and location of its sandy beach. In Greek, it is known as ''Polatamos'', but in the Syriac language, the name is derived from the word ''Armela'' meaning "beach". History Hill caves suggest a settlement on this site since earliest times. The ancient town of Rmeileh was located near the modern church. Rmeileh has been important because of its proximity to Sidon. The town has been mentioned, as Palatamos, in confl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maronite Patriarch
This is a list of the Maronite patriarchs of Antioch and all the East, the primate of the Maronite Church, one of the Eastern Catholic Churches. Starting with Paul Peter Massad in 1854, after becoming patriarch of the Maronite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch, they assume the name "Peter" (Boutros in Arabic, بطرس ), after the traditional first Bishop of Antioch, St. Peter, who was also the head of the Apostles. The official title that the Maronite Patriarch assumes is "Patriarch of Antioch and All the East". To this date 15 patriarchs have been canonized by the Catholic Church, with an extra two being beatified but not yet canonized. For the Patriarchs of Antioch before John Maron, see List of Patriarchs of Antioch. List of Patriarchs of Antioch and all the Levant of the Maronite Church A famous list of Maronite Patriarchs of Antioch was written and published by Giuseppe Simone Assemani,J.S.Assemani ''Serie chronologica Patriarchorum Antionchiae'', edited and integrated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walid Jumblatt
Walid Kamal Jumblatt ( ar, وليد جنبلاط; born 7 August 1949) is a Lebanese Druze, Lebanese Druze politician and former militia commander who has been leading the Progressive Socialist Party since 1977. While leading the Lebanese National Resistance Front and allying with the Amal Movement during the Lebanese Civil War, he worked closely with Suleiman Frangieh to oppose Amine Gemayel, Amine Gemayel's rule as president in 1983. After the civil war, he initially supported Syria but later led an anti-Assad stance during the start of the Syrian civil war, Syrian Civil War. He is still active in politics, most recently leading his party, the Progressive Socialist Party (PSP) in the 2022 Lebanese general election. Early life and education Jumblatt was born in August 1949, the son of the PSP's founder Kamal Jumblatt. He is the maternal grandson of Shakib Arslan, Emir Shakib Arslan. Walid Jumblatt graduated from the American University of Beirut with a bachelor's degree in politi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)
The People's Liberation Army – PLA (Arabic: جيش التحرير الشعبي , ''Jayish al-Tahrir al-Sha'aby'') or Armée de Libération Populaire (ALP) in French, also known as the Forces of the Martyr Kamal Jumblatt (Arabic: قوات الشهيد كمال جنبلاط , ''Quwwat al-Shahid Kamal Junblat''), was the military wing of the left-wing Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), which fought in the Lebanese Civil War. The PSP and its militia were members of the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) from 1975 to 1982. Emblem First adopted in 1976 and modified in 1977-78, the PLA official emblem consisted of a red flag with a white disc on the centre, featuring a crossed dip pen and pickaxe superimposed on an AK-47 assault rifle in the middle standing upwards, all in silver, inserted on a golden circular wreath, the latter consisting of two interlocking branches and leaves of the Oak tree and the Lebanese Cedar tree.Abi-Chahine, ''The People's Liberation Army Through th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tigers Militia
The Tigers militia ( ar, نمور الأحرار, transliterated: ''Numūr'' or ''Al-Noumour''), also known as NLP Tigers ( ar, links=no, نمور الأحرار , ''Numur al-Ahrar'') or PNL "Lionceaux" in French, was the military wing of the National Liberal Party (NLP) during the Lebanese Civil War between 1975 and 1980. Origins The NLP militia was first raised in October 1968 by the za'im (political boss) and former President of Lebanon Camille Chamoun at his own home town of Es-Sa'adiyat, originally under the title Brigade of the Lebanese Tigers – BLT ( ar, links=no, كتيبة النمور اللبنانية , ''Katibat al-Numur al-Lubnaniyya'') or Brigade des Lionceaux Libanais (BLL) in French, allegedly taken from his middle name, ''Nimr'' – meaning "Tiger" in Arabic. Initially just 500 men strong, the BLT was organized, trained, and led by the "defence secretary" of the NLP, Naim Berdkan; after his death in action in January 1976, he was succeeded by Dany Chamo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanese Armed Forces
) , founded = 1 August 1945 , current_form = 1991 , disbanded = , branches = Lebanese Ground Forces Lebanese Air Force Lebanese Navy , headquarters = Yarze, Lebanon , flying_hours = , website = , commander-in-chief = Vacant , commander-in-chief_title = Commander-in-chief , chief minister = Najib Mikati , chief minister_title = Prime Minister , minister = Maurice Sleem , minister_title = Minister of Defense , commander = Joseph Aoun , commander_title = Commander of the Armed Forces , age = 18–30 years of age for voluntary military service , conscription = No (abolished in 2007) , manpower_data = , manpower_age = 18–39 , available = 1,106,879 , available_f = 1,895,723 , fit = 934,828 , fit_f = 948,327 , reaching = , reaching_f = , active = 75,000 , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mountain War (Lebanon)
The Mountain War ( ar, حرب الجبل , ''Harb al-Jabal''), also known as the War of the Mountain and Guerre de la Montagne in French, was a subconflict between the 1982–83 phase of the Lebanese Civil War and the 1984–89 phase of the Lebanese Civil War, which occurred at the mountainous Chouf District located south-east of the Lebanese Capital Beirut. It pitted the Christian Lebanese Forces militia (LF) and the official Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) against a coalition of anti-government Muslim leftist militias led by the Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), backed by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Syria. Hostilities began when the LF and the LAF entered the predominantly Druze Chouf district to bring back the region under government control, only to be met with fierce resistance from local Druze militias and their allies. The PSP leader Walid Jumblatt's persistence to join the central government and his instigation of a wider opposition faction led ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanese National Movement
The Lebanese National Movement (LNM) ( ar, الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية, ''Al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya'') or Mouvement National Libanais (MNL) in French, was a front of leftist, pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War, which supported the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). It was headed by Kamal Jumblatt, a prominent Druze leader of the Progressive Socialist Party (PSP). The Vice-President was Inaam Raad, leader of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and Assem Qanso of the pro-Syrian Lebanese Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. The general secretary of the LNM was Mohsen Ibrahim, leader of the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon (CAOL). The LNM was one of two main coalitions during the first rounds of fighting in the Lebanese Civil War, the other being the militias of the mainly Christian Lebanese Front, which comprised the Phalange, the National Liberal Party and othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palestine Liberation Organization
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; ar, منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية, ') is a Palestinian nationalist political and militant organization founded in 1964 with the initial purpose of establishing Arab unity and statehood over the territory of former Mandatory Palestine, in opposition to the State of Israel. In 1993, alongside the Oslo I Accord, the PLO's aspiration for Arab statehood was revised to be specifically for the Palestinian territories under an Israeli occupation since the 1967 Arab–Israeli War. It is headquartered in the city of Al-Bireh in the West Bank, and is recognized as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people by over 100 countries that it has diplomatic relations with.Madiha Rashid Al-Madfai, ''Jordan, the United States and the Middle East Peace Process, 1974–1991'', Cambridge Middle East Library, Cambridge University Press (1993). . p. 21:"On 28 October 1974, the seventh Arab summit conference held in Rab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damour Massacre
The Damour massacre took place on January 21, 1976, during the 1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War. Damour, a Maronite Christian town on the main highway south of Beirut, was attacked by the left-wing militants of the Palestine Liberation Organisation and as-Sa'iqa units. Many of its people died in battle or in the massacre that followed, and the others were forced to flee. According to Robert Fisk, the massacre was part of the first act of ethnic cleansing in the Lebanese Civil War. The massacre was in retaliation to the Karantina massacre of Muslims by the Phalangists. Background The Damour massacre was a response to the Karantina massacre of January 18, 1976 in which Phalangists, a predominantly-Christian right-wing militia, killed 1,000 to 1,500 people. The Ahrar and the Phalangist militias, based in Damour, and Dayr al Nama had blocked the coastal road leading to southern Lebanon and the Chouf, which turned them into a threat to the PLO and its leftist and nationalist allies in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
