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Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization
The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO; ; ), was a secret revolutionary society founded in the Ottoman territories in Europe, that operated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Founded in 1893 in Salonica, it initially aimed to gain autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople regions, autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople regions in the Ottoman Empire, however, it later became an agent serving Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgarian interests in Balkan politics. IMRO modeled itself after the earlier Bulgarian Internal Revolutionary Organization of Vasil Levski and accepted its motto "Freedom or Death" (Свобода или смърть). According to the memoirs of some founding and ordinary members, in the First statute of the IMRO, Organization's earliest statute from 1894, the membership was reserved exclusively for Bulgarians. It used the Bulgarian language in all its documents and in its correspondence. The Organisation founded its Foreign Representation of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salonika Vilayet
The Vilayet of Salonica () was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire from 1867 to 1913. In the late 19th century it reportedly had an area of .Europe by Éliseé Reclus, page 152 The vilayet was bounded by the Principality (later Kingdom) of Bulgaria on the north; Eastern Rumelia on the northeast (after the Treaty of Berlin (1878), Treaty of Berlin); Edirne Vilayet on the east; the Aegean Sea on the south; Monastir Vilayet and the independent Serfije Sanjak, Ottoman Empire, sanjak of Serfije on the west (after 1881); the Kosovo Vilayet on the northwest. The vilayet consisted of present Central and Eastern parts of Greek Macedonia and Blagoevgrad Province, Pirin Macedonia in Bulgaria. Present Pirin Macedonia part of it was administered as township, kazas of Blagoevgrad, Cuma-yı Bala, Petrich, Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarian People's Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization
The Bulgarian People's Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization () was a short-lived Bulgarian revolutionary organization from the region of Macedonia. It was created on May 4, 1910 by members of Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization's (SMARO) Solun, Strumica and Ser revolutionary regions, excluding the supporters of Yane Sandanski Yane Ivanov Sandanski (, ; Originally spelled in Reforms of Bulgarian orthography, older Bulgarian orthography as (Yane Ivanov Sandanski); 18 May 1872 – 22 April 1915) was a Macedonian Bulgarians, Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary and leader .... A statute and a central committee, led by Hristo Chernopeev and Anton Bozukov, were created shortly after. Some of the other more renowned members of the organization were Tane Nikolov, Apostol Petkov, Georgi Zankov and Dimitar Lyapov. After negotiations in Sofia in 1911, BPMARO united with SMARO.Първанова, Зорка. Възстановяване на въор� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macedonia For The Macedonians
Macedonia for the Macedonians (; ; ) is a slogan and political concept used during the first half of the 20th century in the region of Macedonia. It aimed to encompass all the nationalities in the area, into a separate supranational entity. History William Gladstone and contemporaries The slogan was raised by the British politician William Ewart Gladstone in 1897, in an often misquoted 1897 citation, when he promoted the idea on some kind of mini- Balkan Federation in this region. Gladstone appealed for the right of self-determination of the peoples who resided in the region, while Britain regarded the creation of an autonomous Macedonia with a Christian governor as a possible solution of the Macedonian issue. On that occasion, the British journalist G. W. Steevens also noted in the preface of the broshure containing the letter of Gladstone, that he has used "Macedonians" as a collective name of the diverse population of the region. Steevens explained that there were at least ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independent Macedonia (IMRO)
Independent Macedonia was a conceptual project of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) to create an independent Macedonia, during the interwar period. History Prelude The predecessor of the concept of ''Independent Macedonia'' appeared initially in the late 19th century as variant called '' autonomous Macedonia'' in the documents of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization. The organization was founded in 1893 in Ottoman Thessaloniki by a small band of anti-Ottoman Macedono-Bulgarian revolutionaries. The idea then was strictly political and did not imply a secession from Bulgarian ethnicity, but unity of all nationalities in the area, then under Ottoman control. During the Balkan Wars and the First World War the organization supported the Bulgarian army and joined to Bulgarian war-time authorities when they temporarily took control over mosts of Thrace and Macedonia. In this period autonomism as a political tactic was abandoned and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Bulgaria
The Tsardom of Bulgaria (), also known as the Third Bulgarian Tsardom (), usually known in English as the Kingdom of Bulgaria, or simply Bulgaria, was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe, which was established on , when the Bulgarian state was raised from a Principality of Bulgaria, principality to a tsardom. Prince Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, Ferdinand, founder of the Bulgarian royal family, royal family, was crowned as Tsar of Bulgaria, tsar at the Declaration of Independence, mainly because of his military plans and for seeking options for unification of all lands in the Balkans region with an ethnic Bulgarian majority (lands that had been seized from Bulgaria and given to the Ottoman Empire in the Treaty of Berlin (1878), Treaty of Berlin). He and his successors were reckoned as kings internationally. The state was almost constantly at war throughout its existence, lending to its nickname as "the Balkan Prussia". For several years Bulgaria mobilized an army of more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morava Valley
The Morava Valley ( / ''Pomoravlje'', ), is a general term which in its widest sense marks valleys of any of three Morava rivers in Serbia: the West Morava ( West Morava Valley), the South Morava ( South Morava Valley) and the Great Morava ( Great Morava Valley). In the narrow sense, the term is applied only to the Great Morava Valley ( / ''Veliko Pomoravlje''). The Serbian term follows the general manner of coining river valley names in Serbian using the prefix ''po-'' and suffix ''-je'', meaning literally "(land) along the Morava". Morava valley lies in the central Balkans, at the crossroads which lead eastwards, towards the Black Sea and Asia Minor, and further south, down the Vardar River into the Aegean Sea. West Morava Valley Location The West Morava Valley ( / ''Zapadno Pomoravlje'') is the valley of the West Morava. It is the southernmost Peripannonic region of Serbia. It is parallel, latitudinally elongated, in the west-to-east direction, opposed to the mer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belomorie
Belomorie (, ), is the Bulgarian name for roughly the area of today's Greek province of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, including the eastern part of Central Macedonia. The name comes from the South Slavic designation of the Aegean Sea, which is translated as the ''White Sea'', in contrast to the Black Sea. The area was fully under Bulgarian control during the First Balkan War, as well as during the First World War and partially in between. It was ruled as a province by Bulgaria with that name during the Axis occupation of Greece in World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo .... References {{reflist Bulgarian occupation of Greece during World War II Bulgarian nationalism Bulgaria in World War II History of Western Thrace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vardar Macedonia
Vardar Macedonia (Macedonian language, Macedonian and ) is a historical term referring to the central part of the broader Macedonian region, roughly corresponding to present-day North Macedonia. The name derives from the Vardar, Vardar River and is primarily associated with the period of Kingdom of Serbia, Serbian (1912–1918) and later Yugoslavia, Yugoslav rule (1918–1991). History Vardar Macedonia refers to the central part of the broader Macedonia (region), Macedonian region, which became part of the Kingdom of Serbia following the Balkan Wars (1912–1913) and was formally assigned to Serbia by the Treaty of Bucharest (1913), Treaty of Bucharest. It was named after the Vardar, Vardar River, distinguishing it from Aegean Macedonia in Greece and Pirin Macedonia in Bulgaria. The region was initially known as Serbian Macedonia although the use of the name ''Macedonia'' was prohibited later in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, due to the implemented policy of Serbianisation of the loca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autonomy For Macedonia And Adrianople Regions
Autonomy for the region of Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace within the Ottoman Empire was a concept that arose in the late 19th century and was popular until ca. 1920. The plan was developed among Macedonian Bulgarian, Macedonian and Thracian Bulgarian, Thracian Bulgarian emigres in Sofia and covered several meanings. Serbia and Greece were totally opposed to that set of ideas while Bulgaria was ambivalent to them. In fact Sofia advocated granting such autonomy as a prelude to the annexation of both areas, as for many Bulgarian emigres it was seen in the same way. History The idea of autonomy was promoted during the 1880s, by diverse political parties in Bulgaria and in Eastern Rumelia, aimed at "national unification of Bulgarian people". This scenario was partially facilitated by the Treaty of Berlin (1878), according to which Eastern Rumelia, Macedonia and Adrianople Vilayet, Adrianople areas were given back from Bulgaria to the Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, but especially by i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VMRO-DPMNE
The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (), abbreviated as VMRO-DPMNE (), is a conservative and the main centre-right to right-wing political party in North Macedonia. It was established as a nationalist and anti-communist party. It has later rebranded itself as Christian-democratic. The party claims that their goals and objectives are to express the tradition of the Macedonian people on whose political struggle and concepts it is based. Nevertheless, it has formed multiple coalition governments with ethnic minority parties. Under the leadership of Ljubčo Georgievski in the 1990s, the party supported Macedonian independence from Socialist Yugoslavia, and led a policy of closer relationships with Bulgaria. Georgievski left VMRO-DPMNE and formed the VMRO – People's Party in 2004. Under the leadership of Nikola Gruevski, the party promoted ultranationalist identity politics in the form of antiquisation. Its nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VMRO – Bulgarian National Movement
VMRO – Bulgarian National Movement (), commonly known as VMRO, is a National conservatism, national conservative political party in Bulgaria. History The VMRO acronym is derived from the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, a historic Bulgarians, Bulgarian-led revolutionary political organization in the Macedonia (region), Macedonia and Thrace regions of the Ottoman Empire, which the party claims as its predecessor. At the time of its founding in 1989, the organization's name was VMRO-Union of Macedonian Associations. At the fourth congress in 1997, VMRO-UMA dropped the UMA from its name. Initially, it was not involved in Bulgarian politics, but after 1994 it became politically active, registered as a party in 1996, and entered parliament in 1997 as a member of the United Democratic Forces coalition. Renamed VMRO-Bulgarian National Movement in 1998, the organization gradually transformed into a right-wing populist party. For the 2001 Bulgarian parliamentary electi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
