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Indonesian Christian Party
The Indonesian Christian Party (), better known as Parkindo, was a Christian politics, Christian political party active in Indonesia from 1950 until 1973, when it was merged to make the Indonesian Democratic Party. Founded by Johannes Leimena and Melanchton Siregar, the former Military Governor of North Sumatra, who was known as a local teacher in Tarutung. Its support was concentrated in Protestant areas of Indonesia. It had considerable influence despite the small number of Christians in Indonesia due to the large numbers of Christians in the civil service, the Indonesian Army, army and educational establishments and because of the high profile of party leader Johannes Leimena who served in several cabinet of Indonesia, Indonesian cabinets and as deputy prime minister.Feith (2007) p. 145 In the 1955 Indonesian legislative election, the party won 2.6% of the vote and eight seats in the People's Representative Council.Feith (2007) p. 434 However, in the 1971 Indonesian legislative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Christian Party 1945
Indonesian Christian Party 1945 (, Parkindo 45) was a political party in Indonesia. The party was a successor to the Indonesian Christian Party, which was established in 1945. The party never passed the verification for the general election. After long absence in national politics, the Ministry of Law and Human Rights announced that it has recognised Indonesian Students Party as the successor of Parkindo 45 on 21 January 2022, and all administrative requirements for the change has been fulfilled. The ministry's stance is not recognised by Parkindo 45 members, who promptly contested the decision. They claimed the change occurred without their prior knowledge, while also alleging foul play in the succeeding party's registration process. However, Indonesian Students Party Chairman Eko Pratama claimed in July 2022 that the issue with Parkindo 1945 has been settled. References * Evans, Kevin Raymond, (2003) ''The History of Political Parties & General Elections in Indonesia'', Arise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Sumatra
North Sumatra () is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the northern part of the island of Sumatra. Its capital and largest city is Medan on the east coast of the island. It borders Aceh to the northwest, Riau to the southeast, West Sumatra to the south, the Indian Ocean to the west, and the Strait of Malacca (with a maritime border with Malaysia) to the east. With a 2020 population around 14.8 million and a mid-2024 estimate around 15.6 million, North Sumatra is Indonesia's fourth most populous province and the most populous province outside of Java, Java Island. At , North Sumatra is the third-largest province in area on the island of Sumatra behind South Sumatra and Riau. Major ethnic groups include the Malay Indonesian, Malay, native to the east coast; several Batak groups, indigenous to the west coast and central highlands; the Nias people of Nias, Nias Island and its surrounding islets; and Chinese Indonesian, Chinese, Javanese people, Javanese, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martinus Abednego
Martinus Abednego (10 March 1910 – 9 May 1976) was a politician from the Indonesian Christian Party who served as the first Director-General for Guidance of the Christian Community, which was a directorate-general under the Ministry of Religious Affairs. He was also a member of the Central Indonesian National Committee and the 3rd General Secretary of the Indonesian Christian Party. Early life Martinus Abednego was born in Citeureup, Bogor, Dutch East Indies, on March 10, 1910. He was born as the first child of a Christian primary school teacher named Djoni Abednego, and his wife named Satinem Kaiin. Martinus was raised in the middle of a devout Christian family. He was enrolled at the ''Christelijke Hollands Chinese School'' (HCS), a school for Chinese children. Even though Abednego was Sundanese, he managed to be entered the school due to the help of his father's friend. Due to his father's work, which obliged him to move from place to place, Abednego frequently changed sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basuki Probowinoto
Basuki Probowinoto (January 19, 1917 – January 6, 1989) was the founder and chairman of the Indonesian Christian Party, and a reverend from the Javanese Christian Church. He was also a member of the Central Indonesian National Committee since 1945. Early life Basuki Probowinoto was born on January 19, 1917, in Tlogomulyo, Purwodadi, Central Java, Dutch East Indies. He was born to father Mateus Rahmat and mother Rokayah. Since he was in school, Probowinoto frequently leapt class. After he finished his basic studies, he went on to the teacher's school in Purwodadi. After finishing his studies there, he entered the theological school. Prior to his entry into the school, he was requested to teach in the schools of Purwodadi, and invited to preach in local churches. During his time in the theological school, his teacher, Professor Verkuyl, considered him as a nationalist thinker. Verkuyl stated that Probowinoto had a holistic approach, and considered him as a "religious man who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian National Party
The Indonesian National Party (, PNI) was the name used by several nationalist political parties in Indonesia from 1927 until 1973. The first PNI was established by future President Sukarno. After independence, the new PNI supplied a number of prime ministers, and participated in the majority of cabinets in the 1950s and 1960s. The party was fused into the Indonesian Democratic Party in 1973. In the years following the reforms of the late 1990s, a number of parties claiming to be the continuation of previous PNIs stood in elections, but gained only a handful of seats. Pre-independence In November 1925, Sukarno, then a young engineer studying at the Bandung Technical College, founded the ''Algemeene Studie Club'', a study club inspired by a similar organization founded by Soetomo in Surabaya. The study club was later reformed on 4 July 1927 into a movement called the Indonesian National Association. In May 1928, the name was changed to the Indonesian National Party. The organizati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
One-party State
A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls the ruling system. In a one-party state, all opposition parties are either outlawed or enjoy limited and controlled participation in election An election is a formal group decision-making process whereby a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold Public administration, public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative d ...s. The term "''de facto'' one-party state" is sometimes used to describe a dominant-party system that, unlike a one-party state, allows (at least nominally) multiparty elections, but the existing practices or balance of political power effectively prevent the opposition from winning power. Membership in the ruling party tends to be relatively small compared to the population. Rather, they give out private goods to fellow elites to ensur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1935 Dutch East Indies Volksraad Election
Elections to the Volksraad were held in the Dutch East Indies in 1935. Electoral system The Volksraad had a total of 60 members, 38 of which were elected and 22 appointed.S.L. van der Wal & J.B. Wolters (1965) ''De Volksraad en de staatkundige ontwikkeling van Nederlands-Indië'' 2e Stuk 1927-1942, p372 Seats were also assigned to ethnic groups, with 25 for the Dutch population (15 elected, 10 appointed), 30 for the native population (20 elected, 10 appointed) and five for the foreign Orientals (Chinese and Arab Indonesian) (3 elected, 2 appointed). Candidates and parties The candidates and parties could be divided into left, right and centrist groups: Left group *Nationalists, led by R.M.A.A. Koesoemo Oetojo from Boedi Oetomo (among the representatives were Mohammad Husni Thamrin Mohammad Husni Thamrin (16 February 1894 – 11 January 1941) was a Indo people, Eurasian-Betawi people, Betawi political thinker and Indonesian nationalist who advocated for the independ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (; ), was a Dutch Empire, Dutch colony with territory mostly comprising the modern state of Indonesia, which Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, declared independence on 17 August 1945. Following the Indonesian National Revolution, Indonesian War of Independence, Indonesia and the Netherlands Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, made peace in 1949. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, the Dutch ceded the governorate of Dutch Malacca to Britain, leading to its eventual incorporation into Malacca, Malacca (state) of modern Malaysia. The Dutch East Indies was formed from the nationalised Factory (trading post), trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Batavian Republic, Dutch government in 1800. During the 19th century, the Dutch fought Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, many wars against indigenous rulers and peoples, which caused hundreds of thousands of d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1971 Indonesian Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 3 July 1971, the first under the New Order (Indonesia), New Order regime. There were ten participants; nine political parties and the "functional group" Golkar, which came first with more than 60 percent of the vote, resulting in an absolute majority in the People's Representative Council. Background In March 1966, President Sukarno signed a Supersemar, document giving Army commander Suharto authority to restore order. Suharto used this document to ban the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), which was officially blamed for the 30 September Movement, coup attempt the previous September. In June, the People's Consultative Assembly, Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) passed a resolution calling for elections to be held by 5 June 1968. Two years later, the People's Consultative Assembly elected Suharto president.Ricklefs (2008) p. 451 The army-backed New Order (Indonesia), New Order regime subsequently announced that the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Representative Council
The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (, DPR-RI or simply DPR) is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the national legislature of Indonesia. It is considered the lower house, while the Regional Representative Council (DPD) serves as the upper house; while the Indonesian constitution does not explicitly mention the divide, the DPR enjoys more power, privilege, and prestige compared to the DPD. Members of the DPR are elected through a general election every five years. Currently, there are 580 members; an increase compared to 575 prior to the 2024 elections. Its members are called Members of Parliament (''anggota dewan''). History ''Volksraad'' In 1915, members of the Indonesian nationalist organisation Budi Utomo and others toured the Netherlands to argue for the establishment of a legislature for the Dutch East Indies, and in December 1916 a bill was passed to establish a '' Volksraad'' (People's Council).Rick ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1955 Indonesian Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 29 September 1955 to elect the 257 members of the House of Representatives. The election was the first national election held since the end of the Indonesian National Revolution, and saw over 37 million valid votes cast in over 93 thousand polling locations. The result of the election was inconclusive, as no party was given a clear mandate. The legislature which was elected through the election would eventually be dissolved by President Sukarno in 1959, through Presidential Decree number 150. Background The first elections were originally planned for January 1946, but because the Indonesian National Revolution was still underway, this was not possible. After the war, every cabinet had elections in its program. In February 1951 the Natsir cabinet introduced an election bill, but the cabinet fell before it could be debated. The next cabinet, led by Sukiman did hold some regional elections.Feith (2007) p273 Finally, in February 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cabinet Of Indonesia
The Cabinet of the Republic of Indonesia () is part of the executive branch of the Government of Indonesia, Indonesian government. It is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the government serving under the President of Indonesia, president. Members of the Cabinet (except for the vice president) serves At His Majesty's pleasure, at the president's pleasure, who can dismiss them at will for no cause. Indonesia has seen dozens of cabinets since independence in 1945. Although after the New Order (Indonesia), New Order most cabinets remained unchanged for five years at a time. Most cabinets are referred to by the names given them at the time of formation. The current presidential cabinet is the Red and White Cabinet of Prabowo Subianto. History The concept of a cabinet is not mentioned explicitly in the Constitution of Indonesia, 1945 Constitution, so Indonesia's cabinets since 14 November 1945 are the result of administrative convention. There ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
