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Independent Party (Burma)
The Independent Party, also known as the Golden Valley Party,Maung Maung (2012) ''Burma's Constitution'', Springer Science & Business Media, p29 was a pro-British political party in Myanmar, Burma during the 1920s and 1930s. Its leadership included Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi, U Khin and U May Oung. Oscar de Glanville was also a party leader. History The party was established as the Progressive Party in 1922, evolving from the senior faction of the Young Men's Buddhist Association (Burma), Young Men's Buddhist Association, whose members were conservative, western-educated and willing to accept the colonial system of government.Haruhiro Fukui (1985) ''Political parties of Asia and the Pacific'', Greenwood Press, pp133−134 Although the 1922 Burmese general election, 1922 general elections saw the 21 Party emerge as the largest party in the Legislative Council of Burma, Legislative Council, its leader Ba Pe refused to form a government with the Golden Valley Party, allowing Maung Gy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myanmar
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by India and Bangladesh to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon). Early civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy River, Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language and Culture of Myanmar, culture and Buddhism in Myanmar, Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi
Sir Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi (; 12 December 1871 – 9 March 1955) was a Burmese barrister, judge, politician and administrator who served as the Acting Governor of British Burma during the tenure of Charles Alexander Innes, who was away on sick leave in the United Kingdom. He was the first Burmese governor during the British colonial period. At various other times during the colonial era he served as Minister of Agriculture, Excise and Forestry, of Home Affairs, and as Minister for Transferred Subjects. He should not be confused with Sir (M. A.) Maung Gyee, with whom his career overlapped. Early life and education Maung Gyi was born on 12 December 1871 in Moulmein, British Burma to ethnic Mon parents U Khin and his wife Daw Yin. After graduating from St. Paul's English High School, he studied law at Rangoon College, and continued his education in England. He was also educated at Oxford University, Brussels College and St. Mary's College in the UK. In 1901, he returned to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
U Khin
U, or u, is the twenty-first letter and the fifth vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet and the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''u'' (pronounced ), plural ''ues''. Name In English, the name of the letter is the "long U" sound, pronounced . In most other languages, its name matches the letter's pronunciation in open syllables. History U derives from the Semitic waw, as does F, and later, Y, W, and V. Its oldest ancestor goes back to Egyptian hieroglyphs, and is probably from a hieroglyph of a mace or fowl, representing the sound or the sound . This was borrowed to Phoenician, where it represented the sound , and seldom the vowel . In Greek, two letters were adapted from the Phoenician waw. The letter was adapted, but split in two, with Digamma or wau being adapted to represent , and the second one being Upsilon , which was originally adapted to represent , later front ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oscar De Glanville
Sir Oscar James Lardner de Glanville, CIE, OBE (2 April 1867 – 1942) was an Irish-born barrister and political figure in British Burma who served twice as President of the Legislative Council of Burma. Biography Born in Donnybrook, Dublin, de Glanville was the son of Rev James De Glanville, a naval chaplain, and Louisa Mary Lardner. He was educated at Portsmouth Grammar School. In 1882, he received a bronze medal from the Royal Humane Society for saving a drowning woman. In 1890, de Glanville moved to Burma as the local agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society, serving until 1893. He subsequently practiced as a lawyer, specialising in criminal law, becoming officiating Public Prosecutor in the Rangoon police courts in 1894. He was called to the English bar by the Middle Temple in 1907. He was Western Sub-Divisional Magistrate in Rangoon from 1917 to 1919, and Administrator-General, Official Trustee and Assignee for Burma from 1919 to 1922. The leader of the Progres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Young Men's Buddhist Association (Burma)
The Young Men's Buddhist Association (YMBA; ) is a Buddhist civil society organisation in Burma. History The YMBA was founded in Rangoon in 1906 as a federation of lay Buddhist groups dating back to 1898, with prominent founders including Ba Pe, Sir Maung Gyi and Dr. Ba Yin. It was modelled on the Young Men's Buddhist Association founded in Ceylon in 1898, and was created to preserve the Buddhist-based culture in Burma against the backdrop of British colonialism including the incorporation of Burma into India. The YMBA started its first open campaign against British rule in 1916, and after many protests obtained a ruling that abbots could impose dress codes on all visitors to Buddhists monasteries. The organization split in 1918 when older members insisted that it should remain apolitical, whilst younger members sought to enter the political sphere, sending a delegation to India to meet the Viceroy and Secretary of State to request the separation of Burma from India. F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1922 Burmese General Election
General elections were held in Burma on 21 November 1922 to elect members of the Legislative Council."News in Brief", ''The Times'', 23 November 1922, p9, Issue 43196 They were the first elections in the country's history.The Ghost of Elections Past Irrawaddy Media, 31 May 2010 Electoral system The had 103 members, of which 80 were elected; 58 "non-communal" seats elected by a common roll, and 22 "communal" seats reserved for ethnic minorities (eight for Indians, five for[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
21 Party
The 21 Party () was a political party in Burma in the 1920s led by U Ba Pe. History The party was formed in 1922 following a split in the General Council of Burmese Associations (GCBA). The GCBA had planned to boycott the local and national elections due that year, but a group of 21 dissidents left the organisation to form a new party.Haruhiro Fukui (1985) ''Political parties of Asia and the Pacific'', Greenwood Press, pp150−151 In the elections the 21 Party won 28 of the 58 non-communal seats, becoming the largest party in the Legislative Council. However, it held less than a third of the total of 103 seats, and Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi Sir Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi (; 12 December 1871 – 9 March 1955) was a Burmese barrister, judge, politician and administrator who served as the Acting Governor of British Burma during the tenure of Charles Alexander Innes, who was away on sic ... from the pro-British Independent Party was appointed head of government. Prior to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legislative Council Of Burma
The Legislative Council of Burma was the legislative body of British Burma from 1897 to 1936. Establishment It was established in 1897 as an advisory council to the British colonial governor, the Lieutenant-Governor of Burma, in drafting legislation for Burma. The Legislative Council was initially an appointed body, established as a nine-member council consisting of four officials and five nominated non-officials. Its membership, which increased from nine to thirty members, predominantly represented foreign commercial interests. Prior to its establishment, Burmese laws were made in India, whereby laws drafted by the local administration in Burma were submitted to the Legislative Council of India for approval. After the passage of such laws, they were consented to by the Governor-General-in-Council and put into effect through publication within the Burma Gazette. Restructuring On 2 January 1923, with the enactment of the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms (which granted British India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1925 Burmese General Election
Elections to the Legislative Council were held in Burma on 17 November 1925. Under the terms of the dyarchy constitution, the Legislative Council of Burma was advisory to the British colonial governor, and had some direct authority over education, local government, public health, agriculture and forests. The Nationalist Party received the most votes, but was unable to form a government as the British authorities favoured the Independent Party, who formed a government led by Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi.Here Today, Gone Tomorrow The Irrawaddy, 3 November 2009 Electoral system The |
1928 Burmese General Election
Legislative Council elections were held in Burma in November 1928. Despite expectations that pro-government candidates would win, the result was a victory for the opposition, which won 45 of the 80 elected seats. However, the People's Party, the largest opposition party, was unable to form a government. Instead, the pro-British Independent Party formed the government. Electoral system The Legislative Council had 80 elected members, who were elected in 72 constituencies."Simon Commission In Burma. Women And Public Life" ''The Times'', 1 February 1929, p11, Issue 45116 Around 55% of the adult population of the country was eligible to vote in the elections. Women remained barred from standing as candidates, provoking a public protest by women at the Secretariat. Results Opposition parties won 45 seats, with the People's Party receiving the most votes. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1932 Burmese General Election
General elections were held in Burma on 9 November 1932,"Separation Issue In Burma To-Day's Election": ''The Times'', 9 November 1932, p11, Issue 46286 having originally been planned for 29 October. The election was held almost solely on the issue of whether Burma should separate from India,"Separation Issue In Burma Buddhist Monk's Appeal", ''The Times'', 10 September 1932, p9, Issue 46235 as the British government had indicated that it would take the outcome of the elections as an indication of Burmese opinion.Haruhiro Fukui (1985) ''Political parties of Asia and the Pacific'', Greenwood Press, p148 Prior to the elections many of the major parties joined either the Anti-Separation League or the Separation League. Despite expectations that the separationists would win, the Anti-Separation League won a majority of seats. However, the anti-separationists were not in favour of maintaining the union with India, but instead called for a better constitution for a separate Burma. They ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
