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Hydrichthys
''Hydrichthys'' is a genus of colonial marine hydrozoans formerly placed in the family Hydrichthyidae but is now included in the family Pandeidae. The polyps of members of this genus are parasitic. The polyp attaches itself to a fish, and in one species exhibits hyperparasitism by attaching itself to a copepod, itself the parasite of a fish. Parasitism The life history of hydrozoans typically has a larval, polyp stage and a bell-shaped medusa stage. In ''Hydrichthys'', the polyp has no tentacles but develops a root-like stolon which it thrusts through the skin of its host, usually a fish, to suck the blood and body fluids. During the medusa stage, ''Hydrichthys'' lives independently in the ocean. In one species, '' Hydrichthys sarcotretis'', parasitism is taken a stage further when the hydrozoan attaches itself to the copepod '' Cardiodectes medusaeus''. This is itself an ectoparasite of lanternfish in the family Myctophidae. The copepod attaches itself to the bulbus arteriosus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrichthys Cyclothonis
''Hydrichthys'' is a genus of colonial marine hydrozoans formerly placed in the Family (biology), family Hydrichthyidae but is now included in the family Pandeidae. The polyp (zoology), polyps of members of this genus are Parasitism, parasitic. The polyp attaches itself to a fish, and in one species exhibits Hyperparasite, hyperparasitism by attaching itself to a copepod, itself the parasite of a fish. Parasitism The life history of hydrozoans typically has a larval, polyp (zoology), polyp stage and a bell-shaped Medusa (biology), medusa stage. In ''Hydrichthys'', the polyp has no tentacles but develops a root-like stolon which it thrusts through the skin of its host, usually a fish, to suck the blood and body fluids. During the medusa stage, ''Hydrichthys'' lives independently in the ocean. In one species, ''Hydrichthys sarcotretis'', parasitism is taken a stage further when the hydrozoan attaches itself to the copepod ''Cardiodectes medusaeus''. This is itself an ectoparasite of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrichthys Sarcotretis
''Hydrichthys sarcotretis'' is a species of colonial marine hydrozoans now included in the family Pandeidae. The polyp (zoology), polyps of members of this genus are Parasitism, parasitic and attach themselves to a fish. ''H. sarcotretis'' is a species that exhibits Hyperparasite, hyperparasitism by attaching itself to a copepod, itself the parasite of a fish. In ''H. sarcotretis'', parasitism is taken a stage further when the hydrozoan attaches itself to the copepod ''Cardiodectes medusaeus''. This is itself an ectoparasite of the Northern lampfish (''Stenobrachius leucopsarus'') in the family Myctophidae. The copepod attaches itself to the bulbus arteriosus of the fish. Such a parasitic chain is known as Hyperparasite, hyperparasitism. The actions of the copepod castrate its fish host. Both male and female fish do not reproduce and seem to grow faster when attacked by the copepod and it seems to have a negligible energy demand from them. The hydrozoan parasite castrates the cope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardiodectes Medusaeus
''Cardiodectes bellottii'' is a species of copepods in the family Pennellidae. It is a parasite of fish. It is found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans as well as the Mediterranean Sea; specimens from the Pacific were formerly treated as a separate species, ''Cardiodectes medusaeus''. In the cnidarian ''Hydrichthys sarcotretis'', parasitism is taken a stage further when the hydrozoan attaches itself to the ''C. bellottii''. This is itself an ectoparasite of the northern lampfish (''Stenobrachius leucopsarus'') in the family Myctophidae. The copepod attaches itself to the bulbus arteriosus of the fish. Such a parasitic chain is known as hyperparasitism. ''C. bellottii'' requires two hosts for proper development. It will go through five successive postembryonic stages, then only the postmated females will go into the pericardial cavity of a lanternfish Lanternfishes (or myctophids, from the Greek μυκτήρ ''myktḗr'', "nose" and ''ophis'', "serpent") are small mesopelagic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pandeidae
Pandeidae is a family of hydroids in the class Hydrozoa. Like other jellyfish there is usually a mature medusa form which is pelagic and reproduces sexually and a hydroid or polyp form which is often benthic and reproduces asexually by budding. Characteristics Members of this family have bell-shaped medusae with a four-part manubrium or sub-umbrella, a mouth with four plain or pleated lips and four, often broad, radial canals. The gonads are smooth or folded and positioned on the walls of the manubrium and sometimes extend onto the radial canals. There are fine, hollow tentacles along the margin of the bell, mostly growing from small carrot-shaped bulbs. The hydroids have threadlike tentacles. Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
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Hyperparasite
A hyperparasite, also known as a metaparasite, is a parasite whose host, often an insect, is also a parasite, often specifically a parasitoid. Hyperparasites are found mainly among the wasp-waisted Apocrita within the Hymenoptera, and in two other insect orders, the Diptera (true flies) and Coleoptera (beetles). Seventeen families in Hymenoptera and a few species of Diptera and Coleoptera are hyperparasitic. Hyperparasitism developed from primary parasitism, which evolved in the Jurassic period in the Hymenoptera. Hyperparasitism intrigues entomologists because of its multidisciplinary relationship to evolution, ecology, behavior, biological control, taxonomy, and mathematical models. Examples The most common examples are insects that lay their eggs inside or near parasitoid larvae, which are themselves parasitizing the tissues of a host, again usually an insect larva. A well-studied case is that of the small white butterfly (''Pieris rapae''), a serious horticultural pest of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copepod
Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthic (living on the ocean floor), a number of species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, and puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses (phytotelmata) of plants such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators. As with other crustaceans, copepods have a larval form. For copepods, the egg hatches into a nauplius form, with a head and a tail but no true thorax or abdomen. The larva molts several times until it resembles the adult and then, after more molts, achieves adult development. The nauplius form is so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medusa (biology)
Jellyfish and sea jellies are the informal common names given to the medusa-phase of certain gelatinous members of the subphylum Medusozoa, a major part of the phylum Cnidaria. Jellyfish are mainly free-swimming marine animals with umbrella-shaped bells and trailing tentacles, although a few are anchored to the seabed by stalks rather than being mobile. The bell can pulsate to provide propulsion for highly efficient locomotion. The tentacles are armed with stinging cells and may be used to capture prey and defend against predators. Jellyfish have a complex life cycle; the medusa is normally the sexual phase, which produces planula larvae that disperse widely and enter a sedentary polyp phase before reaching sexual maturity. Jellyfish are found all over the world, from surface waters to the deep sea. Scyphozoans (the "true jellyfish") are exclusively marine, but some hydrozoans with a similar appearance live in freshwater. Large, often colorful, jellyfish are common in c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. '' Panthera leo'' (lion) and '' Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
