Pandeidae is a

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

hydroids Hydroids are a life stage for most animals of the class Hydrozoa, small predators related to jellyfish. Some hydroids such as the freshwater '' Hydra'' are solitary, with the polyp attached directly to the substrate. When these produce buds, ...

in the

class Class, Classes, or The Class may refer to: Common uses not otherwise categorized * Class (biology), a taxonomic rank * Class (knowledge representation), a collection of individuals or objects * Class (philosophy), an analytical concept used d ...

Hydrozoa Hydrozoa (hydrozoans; from Ancient Greek ('; "water") and ('; "animals")) is a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class (biology), class of individually very small, predatory animals, some solitary and some colonial, most of which inhabit saline wat ...

. Like other jellyfish there is usually a mature

medusa In Greek mythology, Medusa (; ), also called Gorgo () or the Gorgon, was one of the three Gorgons. Medusa is generally described as a woman with living snakes in place of hair; her appearance was so hideous that anyone who looked upon her wa ...

form which is

pelagic The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean and can be further divided into regions by depth. The word ''pelagic'' is derived . The pelagic zone can be thought of as an imaginary cylinder or water column between the sur ...

and reproduces sexually and a hydroid or polyp form which is often

benthic The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. The name comes from the Ancient Greek word (), meaning "the depths". ...

and reproduces asexually by budding.

Characteristics

Members of this family have bell-shaped medusae with a four-part

manubrium The sternum (: sternums or sterna) or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, human lung, lungs, and ma ...

or sub-umbrella, a mouth with four plain or pleated lips and four, often broad, radial canals. The

gonad A gonad, sex gland, or reproductive gland is a Heterocrine gland, mixed gland and sex organ that produces the gametes and sex hormones of an organism. Female reproductive cells are egg cells, and male reproductive cells are sperm. The male gon ...

s are smooth or folded and positioned on the walls of the manubrium and sometimes extend onto the radial canals. There are fine, hollow

tentacle In zoology, a tentacle is a flexible, mobile, and elongated organ present in some species of animals, most of them invertebrates. In animal anatomy, tentacles usually occur in one or more pairs. Anatomically, the tentacles of animals work main ...

s along the margin of the bell, mostly growing from small carrot-shaped bulbs. The

have threadlike tentacles.Family Pandeidae
Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 2011-10-10.

Genera

The

World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive catalogue and list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scien ...

recognises the following

genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

: *'' Amphinema'' Haeckel, 1879 *'' Annatiara'' Russell, 1940 *'' Barnettia'' Schuchert, 1996 *'' Catablema'' Haeckel, 1879 *'' Cirrhitiara'' Hartlaub, 1914 *'' Eutiara'' Bigelow, 1918 *'' Geomackiea'' Mills, 1985 *'' Halitholus'' Hartlaub, 1913 *'' Hydrichthys'' Fewkes, 1887 *'' Larsonia'' Boero, Bouillon & Gravili, 1991 *''

Leuckartiara ''Leuckartiara'' is a genus of cnidarians belonging to the family Pandeidae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Leuckartiara'': *''Leuckartiara acuta'' *''Leuckartiara adnata ...

'' Hartlaub, 1914 *'' Merga'' Hartlaub, 1914 *'' Neoturris'' Hartlaub, 1914 *'' Nudiclava'' Lloyd, 1907 *'' Octotiara'' Kramp, 1953 *'' Pandea'' Lesson, 1843 *'' Pandeopsis'' Kramp, 1959 *'' Pelagiana'' Borstad & Brinckmann-Voss, 1979 *'' Perigonella'' Stechow, 1921 *'' Stomotoca'' L. Agassiz, 1862 *'' Timoides'' Bigelow, 1904 *'' Zanclonia'' Hartlaub, 1914

References

Filifera Taxa named by Ernst Haeckel Cnidarian families {{Anthoathecata-stub