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Hyayna
The Hyayna ( ar, اَلْحَيَايِنَة) or Banu Hayyan ( ar, بَنُو حَيَّان) is an Arab tribe that lives in an area north-east of Fes, east of the Sebou river, in Morocco. They are nomadic Bedouins descended from Banu Hilal.Historical Dictionary of the Bedouins. Muhammad Suwaed. 2015. p. 97. The confederation is composed of three fractions: Awlad Amran, Awlad Alian and Awlad Riab. History Early history Spanish historian Luis del Marmol Carvajal, who traveled the country in the mid-sixteenth century (precisely in 1540), spoke of a rich agricultural tribe which had 25 villages and provided four thousand combatants to the Saadi dynasty. In the seventeenth century written mention for the first time the word "Hyayna". The installation of this tribe northeast of the city of Fez seems to be in the middle of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth century, made up of Hilalian Arab guich tribes from eastern Morocco. Initially allied with the Zayyanid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banu Hilal
The Banu Hilal ( ar, بنو هلال, translit=Banū Hilāl) was a confederation of Arabian tribes from the Hejaz and Najd regions of the Arabian Peninsula that emigrated to North Africa in the 11th century. Masters of the vast plateaux of the Najd, they enjoyed a somewhat infamous reputation, possibly owing to their relatively late (for the Arabian tribes) conversion to Islam and accounts of their campaigns in the borderlands between Iraq and Syria. When the Fatimid Caliphate became masters of Egypt and the founders of Cairo in 969, they hastened to confine the unruly Bedouin in the south before sending them to Central North Africa (Libya, Tunisia and Algeria) and then to Morocco. Origin According to Arab genealogists, the Banu Hilal were a sub-tribe of the Mudar tribal confederation, specifically of the Amir ibn Sa'sa'a, and their progenitor was Hilal. According to traditional Arab sources, their full genealogy was the following: Hilāl ibn ''ʿ''Āmir ibn Ṣaʿ� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
'Alawi Dynasty
The Alawi dynasty ( ar, سلالة العلويين الفيلاليين, translit=sulālat al-ʿalawiyyīn al-fīlāliyyīn) – also rendered in English as Alaouite, Alawid, or Alawite – is the current Moroccan royal family and reigning dynasty. They are an Arab sharifian dynasty and claim descent from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandson, Hasan ibn Ali. Their ancestors originally migrated to the Tafilalt region, in present-day Morocco, from Yanbu on the coast of the Hejaz in the 12th or 13th century. The dynasty rose to power in the 17th century, beginning with Mawlay al-Sharif who was declared sultan of the Tafilalt in 1631. His son Al-Rashid, ruling from 1664 to 1672, was able to unite and pacify the country after a long period of regional divisions caused by the weakening of the Saadi Dynasty. His brother Isma'il presided over a period of strong central rule between 1672 and 1727, one of the longest reigns of any Moroccan sultan. After Isma'il's de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harcha
Harcha ( ar, حرشة, ḥarša) is a griddle- or pan-cooked semolina flatbread native to the Middle Atlas in Morocco, and also found in Algeria. Preparation The cakes are made from a dough of semolina, butter, and milk or water, and leavened with baking powder. The dough may also contain some sugar. The dough is formed into rounds and then cooked on a hot griddle or flat pan. The use of semolina gives harcha a crumbly texture comparable to cornbread. In Rif, Morocco, buttermilk or yogurt, thinned with water, can be used instead of milk. Harcha can be made into small breads, or large ones the size of a truck tire. Serving culture Harcha is commonly smeared with honey and butter, and served with mint tea during breakfast or as a snack. It is also one of the breads consumed during Ramadan. It can also be served like a sandwich, stuffed with cheese or with meat confit. Finally, it can be crumbled and used as a tender bed for stew. Variants Terminology for the brea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semolina
Semolina is coarsely milled durum wheat mainly used in making couscous, and sweet puddings. The term semolina is also used to designate coarse millings of other varieties of wheat, and sometimes other grains (such as rice or corn) as well. Etymology Semolina is derived from the Italian word , 1790–1800; alteration of Italian ', equivalent to ''semol(a'') "bran" () + ''-ino'' diminutive suffix. In the Lithuanian language ' means something that is milled, ' means "flour" and ' means "to mill", while semolina in Lithuanian language is '. The words ''simila, semidalis, groat,'' and ''grain'' may all have similar proto-Indo-European origins as two Sanskrit terms for wheat, ''samita'' and ''godhuma'', or may be loan words from the Semitic languages, Semitic root ''smd'' "to grind into groats" (''cf.'' ar, wikt:سميد, سميد '). Production Modern milling of wheat into flour is a process that employs grooved steel rollers. The rollers are adjusted so that the space between th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olive Oil Extraction
Olive oil extraction is the process of extracting the oil present in olive drupes, known as olive oil. Olive oil is produced in the mesocarp cells, and stored in a particular type of vacuole called a lipo vacuole, i.e., every cell contains a tiny olive oil droplet. Olive oil extraction is the process of separating the oil from the other fruit contents (vegetative extract liquid and solid material). It is possible to attain this separation by physical means alone, i.e., oil and water do not mix, so they are relatively easy to separate. This contrasts with other oils that are extracted with chemical solvents, generally hexane. The first operation when extracting olive oil is washing the olives, to reduce the presence of contaminants, especially soil which can create a particular flavor effect called "soil taste". Olive presses People have used olive presses since Greeks first began pressing olives over 5,000 years ago. Roman olive presses survive to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classical Arabic
Classical Arabic ( ar, links=no, ٱلْعَرَبِيَّةُ ٱلْفُصْحَىٰ, al-ʿarabīyah al-fuṣḥā) or Quranic Arabic is the standardized literary form of Arabic used from the 7th century and throughout the Middle Ages, most notably in Umayyad and Abbasid literary texts such as poetry, elevated prose and oratory, and is also the liturgical language of Islam. The first comprehensive description of ''Al-ʿArabiyyah'' "Arabic", Sibawayh's ''al''-''Kitāb'', was upon a corpus of poetic texts, in addition to the Qurʾān and Bedouin informants whom he considered to be reliable speakers of the ''ʿarabiyya''. Modern Standard Arabic is its direct descendant used today throughout the Arab world in writing and in formal speaking, for example prepared speeches, some radio and TV broadcasts and non-entertainment content. Whilst the lexis and stylistics of Modern Standard Arabic are different from Classical Arabic, the morphology and syntax have remained basically unc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hilalian Dialects
The Hilalian dialects () are a continuum of Arabic dialects of the Maghreb, which were introduced during the Hilalian invasions between the 11th and 12th centuries, as well as the migration of Arab Hilalian tribes to the Western Maghreb. These dialects played a great role in the emergence of the Egyptian and Maghrebi dialects.François Decret, Les invasions hilaliennes en Ifrîqiya Etymology The term ''Hilalian dialects'' refer to the Banu Hilal, a confederation of Arab nomadic tribes who invaded North Africa in the eleventh century. Along with the pre-existing sedentary pre-Hilalian Arabic dialects, they constitute the larger Maghrebi Arabic family. Varieties and distribution Hilalian dialects are found across North Africa, from the western plains of Morocco and the Mauritanian desert to western Egypt, including Libya, the Algerian Hauts-Plateaux and coast, and Tunisia. Nevertheless, there are several enclaves of Pre-Hilalian Arabic dialects in this area, including old u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nord Du Maroc, Carte Ethno-linguistique
Nord, a word meaning "north" in several European languages, may refer to: Acronyms * National Organization for Rare Disorders, an American nonprofit organization * New Orleans Recreation Department, New Orleans, Louisiana, US Film and television * ''Nord'' (1991 film), a film directed by Xavier Beauvois * ''Nord'' (2009 film), or ''North'', a Norwegian film directed by Rune Denstad Langlo Music * ''Nord'' (Siddharta album), 2001 * ''Nord'' (Year of No Light album), 2006 * ''Nord'', an album by Luna Amară, 2018 * Nord, the brand name for musical instruments produced by Clavia. * ''A. G. NORD'', the fifth disc from the album 7G, by A. G. Cook. * ''Nord'' (Gåte album), 2021 People * Christiane Nord (born 1943), German translation scholar * Daniel Nord, Swedish civil servant * Elizabeth Nord (1902–1986), American labor organizer * , Norwegian software expert * John Nord (born 1959), American professional wrestler * (1912–2003), German anti-Nazi activist * Kathle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inaouen River
The Inaouen River is a watercourse in Morocco. It is tributary of the Sebou River. The river rises in the Middle Atlas mountain range. A major dam, the Idriss I, was constructed on the Inaouen River in 1973. Natural history In the upper parts of the watershed within the Middle Atlas is the prehistoric range of the endangered primate Barbary macaque, which prehistorically had a much larger range in North Africa.C. Michael Hogan. 2008 See also * Baht River The Baht River is a watercourse in Morocco that is tributary to the Sebou River. Also known as the Oued Beht, this river rises in the Middle Atlas mountain range. The river is impounded by the El Kansera irrigation dam about 20 kilometres (12 mi ... * Ouergha River Line notes References * C. Michael Hogan. 2008''Barbary Macaque: Macaca sylvanus'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg* Thomas Kerlin Park and Aomar Boum. 2003. ''Historical dictionary of Morocco'' Rivers of Morocco {{Morocco-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spahi
Spahis () were light-cavalry regiments of the French army recruited primarily from the indigenous populations of Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. The modern French Army retains one regiment of Spahis as an armoured unit, with personnel now recruited in mainland France. Senegal also maintains a mounted unit with spahi origins as a presidential escort: the Red Guard. Etymology The name is the French form of the Ottoman Turkish word , a word derived from New Persian , meaning "army", or "horsemen"; or from , meaning "warriors". Early history Following the French occupation of Algiers in 1830, detachments of locally recruited irregular horsemen were attached to the regiments of light cavalry assigned to North African service. These auxiliaries were designated as '' chasseurs spahis''. Between 1834 and 1836 they were organised into four squadrons of regular spahis. In 1841 the 14 squadrons by then in existence were brought together in a single corps of spahis. Finally, in 1845 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Gouraud (general)
Henri Joseph Eugène Gouraud (; 17 November 1867 – 16 September 1946) was a French general, best known for his leadership of the French Fourth Army at the end of the First World War. Following this, he became the first High Commissioner of the Levant (1919–1922) then Military governor of Paris (1923–1937). Early life Henri Gouraud was born on Rue de Grenelle in the 7th arrondissement of Paris to Doctor Xavier Gouraud and Marie Portal, the first of six children. The Gouraud family originally came from Vendée, but had left during the French Revolution for Angers, then Paris. Gouraud was educated at home and at the Collège Stanislas de Paris. His decision for a military career was, like many Frenchmen of his generation, motivated by the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871). Gouraud entered the Saint Cyr Military Academy in 1888 as part of the "Grand Triomphe" promotion, a well-chosen name as it included sixty future generals. He graduated in 1890 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Fes
The Treaty of Fes ( ar, معاهدة فاس, ), officially the Treaty Concluded Between France and Morocco on 30 March 1912, for the Organization of the French Protectorate in the Sherifien Empire (), was a treaty signed by Sultan Abd al-Hafid of Morocco under duress and French diplomat on 30 March 1912. It established the French protectorate in Morocco, and remained in effect until the Franco-Moroccan Joint Declaration of 2 March 1956. The treaty gave France the right to occupy certain parts of the country with the pretext of protecting the Sultan from internal opposition, and to hold actual reins of power while preserving the mask of indirect rule consisted of the Sultan and the Sharifian government. Under the terms, the French Resident-General held absolute powers in external as well as internal affairs, and was the only one capable of representing Morocco in foreign countries. The Sultan however, retained the right to sign the decrees ( dahirs), which were submitted by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
