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Hushang Ansary
Hushang Ansary (, born 1927) is an Iranian-American former diplomat, businessman, and philanthropist. He served for eighteen years in the Iranian government prior to the Iranian Revolution including as Minister of Economic Affairs and Finance and Iran's Ambassador to the United States from 1967 to 1969. He has been chairman or director of companies both in Iran and in the United States. On July 3, 2018, the Central Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten (CBCS) revoked the insurer license of the insurance companies of the Ennia Group. On July 4, 2018, at the request of CBCS, the Court in First Instance of Curaçao declared emergency regulations in respect of these insurance companies, as well as Ennia Caribe Holding N.V. and EC Investments B.V. CBCS has been administering these companies since the declaration of emergency regulations. In late 2018, Ennia has held various of its former directors, former supervisory directors and its shareholder liable for damages suffered by it. By j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Economic Affairs And Finance (Iran)
The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance's functions are: *Manage the Iranian treasury department, *Lending by the government to banks in Iran, *Regulation of Iran's economy and its financial policy, *implementing & enforcing labor and tax laws in Iran, tax policies in Iran, *in charge of Foreign Direct Investment in Iran, foreign direct investment (F.D.I.), *directing the Banking and Insurance in Iran, banking and commercial insurance sector of Iran, *regulating the financial markets of Iran, see also: Tehran Stock Exchange#Structure, Securities and Exchange Organization (SEO) & Central Bank of Iran. The affairs related policy-making, organizations, and institutes in the field of trade of goods and services are handled by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Ministry of E.A.F.). Ministers of Finance during the Imperial State of Iran Ministers responsible for finance under Pahlavi dynasty. *Mohammad Ali Foroughi, 1924–1925 *Morteza Gholi Bayat, 1925-? *Vossu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbas Aram
Abbas Aram (1906–1985) was an Iranian diplomat and served as foreign minister for two terms between 1959 and 1960 and between 1962 and 1966. In addition, he was ambassador to Japan، Iraq، United Kingdom and Iran's first ambassador to China. Career Aram was the first secretary at the embassy of Iran in the United States in the 1940s. As of 1950 he was serving as the chargé d'affaires there. He was the Iranian ambassador to Japan and then, to Iraq during the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah. Aram was twice appointed as foreign minister in the late 1950s and 1960s. His first term was brief, from 1959 to 1960. Aram attempted to revive the diplomatic relations with Iraq during the premiership of Abdul-Karim Qasim. However, his attempts were not fruitful due to the suspicious approach of the SAVAK, Iran's security organization, towards Qasim. Aram was appointed to the post for a second term on 19 July 1962 and served in the first cabinet led by Asadollah Alam. On 30 April and 1 M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holding Company
A holding company is a company whose primary business is holding a controlling interest in the Security (finance), securities of other companies. A holding company usually does not produce goods or services itself. Its purpose is to own Share capital, stock of other companies to create a corporate group. In some jurisdictions around the world, holding companies are called parent companies, which, besides holding Share capital, stock in other companies, can conduct trade and other business activities themselves. Holding companies reduce risk for the shareholders, and can permit the ownership and control of a number of different companies. ''The New York Times'' uses the term ''parent holding company''. Holding companies can be subsidiaries in a Subsidiary#Tiered subsidiaries, tiered structure. Holding companies are also created to hold assets such as intellectual property or trade secrets, that are protected from the operating company. That creates a smaller risk when it comes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Iranian Oil Company
The National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC; ) is a government-owned national oil and natural gas producer and distributor under the direction of the Ministry of Petroleum of Iran. NIOC was established in 1951 and restructured under The Consortium Agreement of 1954.Iran's foreign trade report Iran Trade NIOC ranks as the world's second largest oil company, after 's state-owned Aramco. The NIOC is exclusively responsible for the exploration, dril ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Middle East Journal
''The Middle East Journal'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Middle East Institute (Washington, D.C.). It was established in 1947 and covers research on the modern Middle East, including political, economic, and social developments and historical events in North Africa, the Middle East, Caucasus, and Central Asia. Jacob Passel is the current editor. History The Middle East Institute was founded in 1946 to promote the study of the region in a modern, policy-relevant context. From its outset, one of its priorities was " e editing and publishing of an authoritative journal on Middle Eastern affairs." Accordingly, the first issue of the journal appeared in January 1947. Past Editors * Harvey P. Hall, 1947–1956. * William Sands, 1956–1980. * Richard B. Parker, 1981–1987. * Jean Newsom, 1987–1990. * Christopher Van Hollen Sr., 1990–1992. * Eric Hooglund, 1992–1994. * Mary-Jane Deeb, 1995–1998. * Michael Collins Dunn, 1998–2018. Current ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cabinet Of Jamshid Amouzegar
The cabinet led by Jamshid Amouzegar was announced on 7 August 1977. It succeeded the Government of Amir-Abbas Hoveyda (1974–1977), last cabinet of Amir-Abbas Hoveyda who submitted his resignation on 6 August. Major goal of Amouzegar's cabinet was to implement a new liberal economic program to stop inflation. The cabinet significantly decreased the annual financial aid given to mosques and religious organizations which had very negative effects on the relations between the state and religious establishment. The cabinet lasted only for one year until 27 August 1978 when Jamshid Amouzegar resigned from office. The reason for his resignation was the increased demonstrations of religious establishment and the fire occurred in Cinema Rex fire, Cinema Rex in Abadan on 19 August. The next cabinet was formed by Jafar Sharif-Emami. List of ministers Most of the ministers who had served in the previous cabinet led by Amir-Abbas Hoveyda retained their posts. Nearly all of the cabinet mem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbas Milani
Abbas Malekzadeh Milani (; born 1949) is an Iranian-American historian, educator, and author. Milani is a visiting professor of political science, and the Hamid and Christina Moghadam Director of the Iranian Studies program at Stanford University. He is also a research fellow and co-director of the Iran Democracy Project at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. In Milani's book, ''Lost Wisdom: Rethinking Modernity in Iran'' (2004, Mage Publications), he has found evidence that Persian modernism dates back to more than 1,000 years ago. Biography Milani was born in Iran to a prosperous family and was sent to California when he was sixteen, graduating from Oakland Technical High School in 1966 after only one year of studies. Milani earned his Bachelor of Arts in political science and economics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1970; and his Doctor of Philosophy in political science from the University of Hawaiʻi in 1974. With his then-girlfriend Fereshteh, Milani r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Iran
The prime minister of Iran was a political post that had existed in Iran (Persia) during much of the 20th century. It began in 1906 during the Qajar dynasty and into the start of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1923 and into the 1979 Iranian Revolution before being abolished in 1989. History of the office Qajar era In the Qajar era, prime ministers were known by different titles. The post itself was mainly known as ''ataabak'' or ''ataabak-e a'zam'' (grand ''ataabak''), or sometimes ''sadr-e a'zam'' (premier) at the beginning, but became ''ra'is ol-vozaraa'' (head of ministers) at the end. The title of ''nakhost vazir'' (prime minister) was rarely used. The prime minister was usually called by the honorific title ''hazrat-e ashraf''. Reza Khan Sardar Sepah became the last prime minister of the Qajar dynasty in 1923. For a list of Iranian 'prime ministers' prior to 1907 see List of grand viziers of Persia. Pahlavi era In 1925, Reza Shah became the Shah of Iran. He installed Moha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amir Abbas Hoveyda
Amir-Abbas Hoveyda (; 18 February 1919 – 7 April 1979) was an Iranian economist and politician who served as Prime Minister of Iran from 27 January 1965 to 7 August 1977. He was the longest serving prime minister in Iran's history. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance in Mansur's cabinet. After the Iranian Revolution, he was tried by the newly established Revolutionary Court for Moharebeh, "waging war against God" and Mofsed-e-filarz, spreading corruption on earth (''Mofsed-e-filarz'') and executed. Early life and education Born in Tehran in 1919 to Habibollah Hoveyda (Ayn ol-Molk), a seasoned diplomat, who was mostly active during the latter years of the Qajar dynasty, and Afsar ol-Moluk, a descendant of the royal family that Hoveyda would serve for much of his adult life. Hoveyda's father was a lapsed adherent of the Baháʼí Faith and Hoveyda himself was not religious. He was the nephew of Abdol Hossein Sardari, also known as "Oskar Schind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA; ) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with advancing national security through collecting and analyzing intelligence from around the world and conducting covert operations. The agency is headquartered in the George Bush Center for Intelligence in Langley, Virginia, and is sometimes metonymously called "Langley". A major member of the United States Intelligence Community (IC), the CIA has reported to the director of national intelligence since 2004, and is focused on providing intelligence for the president and the Cabinet. The CIA is headed by a director and is divided into various directorates, including a Directorate of Analysis and Directorate of Operations. Unlike the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the CIA has no law enforcement function and focuses on intelligence gathering overseas, with only limited domestic intelligence collection. The CIA is responsibl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Program Of Iran
The nuclear program of Iran is one of the most scrutinized nuclear programs in the world. The military capabilities of the program are possible through its mass enrichment activities in facilities such as Natanz and Arak. In June 2025, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) found Iran non-compliant with its nuclear obligations for the first time in 20 years. Iran retaliated by launching a new enrichment site and installing advanced centrifuges. Iran's nuclear program began in the 1950s under the Pahlavi dynasty with US support. It expanded in the 1970s with plans for power reactors, paused after the 1979 Iranian Revolution, and resumed secretly during the 1980s Iran–Iraq War. In the 1990s, Iran pursued a full nuclear fuel cycle and acquired centrifuge technology through illicit networks, including ties with Pakistan and North Korea. Undeclared enrichment sites at Natanz and Arak were exposed in 2002, and Fordow, an underground fuel enrichment site, was reveale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Kissinger
Henry Alfred Kissinger (May 27, 1923 – November 29, 2023) was an American diplomat and political scientist who served as the 56th United States secretary of state from 1973 to 1977 and the 7th National Security Advisor (United States), national security advisor from 1969 to 1975, serving under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. Born in Germany, Kissinger emigrated to the United States in 1938 as a Emigration of Jews from Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe, Jewish refugee fleeing Nazi persecution. He served in the U.S. Army during World War II. After the war, he attended Harvard University, where he excelled academically. He later became a professor of government at the university and earned an international reputation as an expert on nuclear weapons and foreign policy. He acted as a consultant to government agencies, think tanks, and the presidential campaigns of Nelson Rockefeller and Nixon before being appointed as national security advisor and later secretary o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
