|
Hudde
Johannes (van Waveren) Hudde (23 April 1628 – 15 April 1704) was a burgomaster (mayor) of Amsterdam between 1672 – 1703, a mathematician and governor of the Dutch East India Company. As a "burgemeester" of Amsterdam he ordered that the city canals should be flushed at high tide and that the polluted water of the town "secreten" should be diverted to pits outside the town instead of into the canals. He also promoted hygiene in and around the town's water supply. "Hudde's stones" were marker stones that were used to mark the summer high water level at several points in the city. They later were the foundation for the "NAP", the now Europe-wide system for measuring water levels.J.P.M KwaaHet Normal Amsterdam Peil (NAP)(Dutch) Mathematical work Hudde studied law at the University of Leiden, but turned to mathematics under the influence of his teacher Frans van Schooten. From 1654 to 1663 he worked under van Schooten. ''La Géométrie'' (1637) by René Descartes provi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hudde's Rules
In mathematics, Hudde's rules are two properties of polynomial roots described by Johann Hudde. 1. If ''r'' is a double root of the polynomial equation ::a_0x^n + a_1x^ + \cdots + a_x + a_n = 0 :and if b_0, b_1, \dots, b_, b_n are numbers in arithmetic progression, then ''r'' is also a root of ::a_0b_0x^n + a_1b_1x^ + \cdots + a_b_x + a_nb_n = 0. :This definition is a form of the modern theorem that if ''r'' is a double root of ''ƒ''(''x'') = 0, then ''r'' is a root of ''ƒ'' '(''x'') = 0. 2. If for ''x'' = ''a'' the polynomial ::a_0x^n + a_1x^ + \cdots + a_x + a_n :takes on a relative maximum or minimum value, then ''a'' is a root of the equation ::na_0x^n + (n-1)a_1x^ + \cdots + 2a_x^2 + a_x = 0. :This definition is a modification of Fermat's theorem in the form that if ''ƒ''(''a'') is a relative maximum or minimum value of a polynomial ''ƒ''(''x''), then ''ƒ'' '(''a'') = 0, where ''ƒ'' ' is the derivative of ''� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Normaal Amsterdams Peil
Amsterdam Ordnance Datum or ' (NAP) is a vertical datum in use in large parts of Western Europe. Originally created for use in the Netherlands, its height was used by Prussia in 1879 for defining ', and in 1955 by other European countries. In the 1990s, it was used as the reference level for the United European leveling Network (UELN) which in turn led to the European Vertical Reference System European, or Europeans, or Europeneans, may refer to: In general * ''European'', an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to Europe ** Ethnic groups in Europe ** Demographics of Europe ** European cuisine, the cuisines of Europe a ... (EVRS). Mayor Johannes Hudde of Amsterdam in a way came up with the idea after he expanded the sea dike after a flood in Amsterdam in 1675. Of course a dike should be storm-resistant to protect a city against flooding, and in this case a margin of "9 feet and 5 inches" (2.67 m - margin is defined in Amsterdam feet) was deemed enou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Géométrie
''La Géométrie'' was published in 1637 as an appendix to ''Discours de la méthode'' (''Discourse on the Method''), written by René Descartes. In the ''Discourse'', he presents his method for obtaining clarity on any subject. ''La Géométrie'' and two other appendices, also by Descartes, ''La Dioptrique'' (''Optics'') and ''Les Météores'' (''Meteorology''), were published with the ''Discourse'' to give examples of the kinds of successes he had achieved following his method (as well as, perhaps, considering the contemporary European social climate of intellectual competitiveness, to show off a bit to a wider audience). The work was the first to propose the idea of uniting algebra and geometry into a single subject and invented an algebraic geometry called analytic geometry, which involves reducing geometry to a form of arithmetic and algebra and translating geometric shapes into algebraic equations. For its time this was ground-breaking. It also contributed to the mathemat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Group Theory
The history of group theory, a mathematical domain studying groups in their various forms, has evolved in various parallel threads. There are three historical roots of group theory: the theory of algebraic equations, number theory and geometry. Joseph Louis Lagrange, Niels Henrik Abel and Évariste Galois were early researchers in the field of group theory. Early 19th century The earliest study of groups as such probably goes back to the work of Lagrange in the late 18th century. However, this work was somewhat isolated, and 1846 publications of Augustin Louis Cauchy and Galois are more commonly referred to as the beginning of group theory. The theory did not develop in a vacuum, and so three important threads in its pre-history are developed here. Development of permutation groups One foundational root of group theory was the quest of solutions of polynomial equations of degree higher than 4. An early source occurs in the problem of forming an equation of degree ''m'' having a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mercator Series
In mathematics, the Mercator series or Newton–Mercator series is the Taylor series for the natural logarithm: :\ln(1+x)=x-\frac+\frac-\frac+\cdots In summation notation, :\ln(1+x)=\sum_^\infty \frac x^n. The series converges to the natural logarithm (shifted by 1) whenever -1 History The series was discovered independently by and . It was first published by , in his 1668 treatise ''Logarithmotechnia''.Derivation The series can be obtained from |
Hendrik Van Heuraet
Hendrik van Heuraet (1633, Haarlem - 1660?, Leiden) was a Dutch mathematician also known as Henrici van Heuraet. He is noted as one of the founders of the integral, and author of ''Epistola de Transmutatione Curvarum Linearum in Rectus'' 'On the Transformation of Curves into Straight Lines''(1659). Frank J. Swetz, Victor J. Katz, Mathematical Association of America (maa.org) Accessed: 10-13-2016 From 1653 he studied at where he interacted with [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tangent
In geometry, the tangent line (or simply tangent) to a plane curve at a given point is the straight line that "just touches" the curve at that point. Leibniz defined it as the line through a pair of infinitely close points on the curve. More precisely, a straight line is said to be a tangent of a curve at a point if the line passes through the point on the curve and has slope , where ''f'' is the derivative of ''f''. A similar definition applies to space curves and curves in ''n''-dimensional Euclidean space. As it passes through the point where the tangent line and the curve meet, called the point of tangency, the tangent line is "going in the same direction" as the curve, and is thus the best straight-line approximation to the curve at that point. The tangent line to a point on a differentiable curve can also be thought of as a ''tangent line approximation'', the graph of the affine function that best approximates the original function at the given point. Similarly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baruch Spinoza
Baruch (de) Spinoza (born Bento de Espinosa; later as an author and a correspondent ''Benedictus de Spinoza'', anglicized to ''Benedict de Spinoza''; 24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677) was a Dutch philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish origin, born in Amsterdam. One of the foremost exponents of 17th-century Rationalism and one of the early and seminal thinkers of the Enlightenment and modern biblical criticism including modern conceptions of the self and the universe, he came to be considered "one of the most important philosophers—and certainly the most radical—of the early modern period." Inspired by Stoicism, Jewish Rationalism, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Descartes, and a variety of heterodox religious thinkers of his day, Spinoza became a leading philosophical figure during the Dutch Golden Age. Spinoza's given name, which means "Blessed", varies among different languages. In Hebrew, his full name is written . In most of the documents and records contemporary with Spinoza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Analytic Geometry
In classical mathematics, analytic geometry, also known as coordinate geometry or Cartesian geometry, is the study of geometry using a coordinate system. This contrasts with synthetic geometry. Analytic geometry is used in physics and engineering, and also in aviation, Aerospace engineering, rocketry, space science, and spaceflight. It is the foundation of most modern fields of geometry, including Algebraic geometry, algebraic, Differential geometry, differential, Discrete geometry, discrete and computational geometry. Usually the Cartesian coordinate system is applied to manipulate equations for planes, straight lines, and circles, often in two and sometimes three dimensions. Geometrically, one studies the Euclidean plane (two dimensions) and Euclidean space. As taught in school books, analytic geometry can be explained more simply: it is concerned with defining and representing geometric shapes in a numerical way and extracting numerical information from shapes' numerical defin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christiaan Huygens
Christiaan Huygens, Lord of Zeelhem, ( , , ; also spelled Huyghens; la, Hugenius; 14 April 1629 – 8 July 1695) was a Dutch mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor, who is regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time and a major figure in the Scientific Revolution. In physics, Huygens made groundbreaking contributions in optics and mechanics, while as an astronomer he is chiefly known for his studies of the rings of Saturn and the discovery of its moon Titan. As an engineer and inventor, he improved the design of telescopes and invented the pendulum clock, a breakthrough in timekeeping and the most accurate timekeeper for almost 300 years. An exceptionally talented mathematician and physicist, Huygens was the first to idealize a physical problem by a set of mathematical parameters, and the first to fully mathematize a mechanistic explanation of an unobservable physical phenomenon.Dijksterhuis, F.J. (2008) Stevin, Huygens and the Dutch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1628 Births
Sixteen or 16 may refer to: * 16 (number), the natural number following 15 and preceding 17 *one of the years 16 BC, AD 16, 1916, 2016 Films * ''Pathinaaru'' or ''Sixteen'', a 2010 Tamil film * ''Sixteen'' (1943 film), a 1943 Argentine film directed by Carlos Hugo Christensen * ''Sixteen'' (2013 Indian film), a 2013 Hindi film * ''Sixteen'' (2013 British film), a 2013 British film by director Rob Brown Music * The Sixteen, an English choir * 16 (band), a sludge metal band * Sixteen (Polish band), a Polish band Albums * ''16'' (Robin album), a 2014 album by Robin * 16 (Madhouse album), a 1987 album by Madhouse * ''Sixteen'' (album), a 1983 album by Stacy Lattisaw *''Sixteen'' , a 2005 album by Shook Ones * ''16'', a 2020 album by Wejdene Songs * "16" (Sneaky Sound System song), 2009 * "Sixteen" (Thomas Rhett song), 2017 * "Sixteen" (Ellie Goulding song), 2019 *"16", by Craig David from '' Following My Intuition'', 2016 *"16", by Green Day from ''39/Smooth'', 1990 *"16" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centaurus (journal)
''Centaurus. Journal of the European Society for the History of Science'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on the history of mathematics, science, and technology. It is the official journal of the European Society for the History of Science. The journal was established in 1950. In January 2022, Centaurus was relaunched in open-access format by the ESHS and Brepols as ''Centaurus. Journal of the European Society for the History of Science''. The editor-in-chief is Koen Vermeir (Centre national de la recherche scientifique and Paris Diderot University). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as .. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
